herodias) ) residing in the Tittabawassee River floodplain, MI, USA

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1 Preliminary PCDF and PCDD Tissue-Based Assessment of Great Blue Heron (Ardea( herodias) ) residing in the Tittabawassee River floodplain, MI, USA Rita M. Seston Doctoral Candidate Michigan State University SETAC North America 28 th Annual Meeting November 12, 2007

2 Coauthors Matthew J. Zwiernik, Timothy B. Fredricks, Sarah J. Coefield, Dustin L. Tazelaar, Michael W. Nadeau, Patrick W. Bradley Zoology Department and Center for Integrated Toxicology, Michigan State University Melissa S. Shotwell and Denise P. Kay ENTRIX, Inc. East Lansing, MI John P. Giesy Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong

3 Acknowledgements Dedicated field team Will Folland Stephanie Plautz Emily Koppel Local Resources Greater than 55 cooperating landowners Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge Chippewa Nature Center Saginaw Co. and Tittabawassee Township Park Commissions Funding Provider Dave Hamman Megan Barker and many more The Dow Chemical Co. via an unresticted grant given to Michigan State University

4 Three lines of evidence Dietary exposure assessment Tissue-based exposure assessment Population Health and Sustainability Population health measurements

5 Aquatic Exposures Pathways Great Blue Heron Fish + Amphibian + Crayfish Aquatic Vegetation Benthic Insects Sediments

6 Historic release of PCDF/Ds from chemical production processes at The Dow Chemical Co. in Midland, MI

7 PCDF/D congener profile and sum WHO AVIAN TEQs (ppt)) of GBH dietary items (fish, crayfish, and frogs) collected from Tittabawassee River study area 100% 300 Percent Contribution 80% 60% 40% WHO AVIAN TEQs (pg/g ww) ) (1/2DL) Others PeCDF 2378-TCDF PeCDD 2378-TCDD Sum Avian TEQ 20% 50 0% Site 1 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 0 Reference Target

8 Great blue heron Tissue-based exposure assessment Tissues of interest Fresh and addled eggs Nestling tissue Adult plasma

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17 Great Blue Heron Sampling Sites GBH Trapping Sites GBH Rookeries Division between upper and lower target reaches

18 Great blue heron Tissue-based exposure assessment Total TEQ WHO-avian (pg/ml ml) ) in adult GBH blood plasma sampled during 2005 field season Reference Upper Target (n=5) (n=10) Min Max Mean St. Dev Lower Target (n=5) POWER ANALYSES α = 0.05 β = 0.20 Ref vs Target : 4 samples from each area Upper Target vs Lower Target : 14 samples from each area

19 PCDF/D congener profile and sum WHO AVIAN adult GBH blood plasma 100% TEQs (ppt)) of AVIAN TEQs 25 90% 80% 20 Percent Contribution 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% WHO AVIAN TEQs (pg/ml ml) ) (1/2DL) Others PeCDF 2378-TCDF PeCDD 2378-TCDD Sum Avian TEQ 20% 5 10% 0% Reference Upper Target Lower Target 0

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22 PCDF/D congener profile and sum WHO AVIAN TEQs (ppt)) of GBH eggs collected from Tittabawassee River study area 100% 120 Percent Contribution 80% 60% 40% WHO AVIAN TEQs (pg/g ww) ) (1/2DL) Others PeCDF 2378-TCDF PeCDD 2378-TCDD Sum Avian TEQ 20% 20 0% 0

23 Great blue heron Results TEQs in dietary items from target area significantly greater than items in reference area In target area dietary items, TCDF and PeCDF contribute approximately 90% of total TEQs Congener profiles are different between reference and target areas for both dietary items and adult GBH blood plasma Congener profiles for dietary items and adult GBH blood plasma from within an area are similar Adult plasma TEQs significantly greater in target area Congener profiles in resident adult GBH blood plasma and eggs are similar, suggesting that contaminants in eggs are site-specific

24 Great blue heron Conclusions Likeness of congener profiles between dietary items and receptor tissues indicates that exposure is correctly characterized Consistency of congener profiles within tissue types suggests this data is representative of the local population

25 Great blue heron Future work Residue analysis of more GBH tissues types Nestling plasma Nestling adipose, liver, and muscle GBH productivity parameters

26 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Questions Rita M. Seston Doctoral Candidate Michigan State University Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory (517) (517) x172

27 More Tittabawassee River presentations at the 28 th Annual SETAC Meeting in Milwaukee, WI Fredricks, TB, et al. - PCDF and PCDD accumulation rates for three passerine species as part of a site-specific specific risk assessment on the Tittabawassee River Fredricks, TB, et al. - Reproductive success of three passerine species as part of a site-specific specific risk assessment on the Tittabawassee River Tazelaar, DL, et al. - Productivity of American robins (Turdus( migratorius) ) in the Tittabawassee River floodplain Coefield, SJ, et al. - The great horned owl site-specific specific dietary exposure to PCDF/Ds in the Tittabawassee River floodplain in central Michigan Zwiernik, MJ, et al. - Kinetic evaluation of exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of 2378-TCDF and PeCDF to mink Shotwell, MS, et al. Biomonitoring: : Scat as an indicator of body burden in mink (Mustela( vison) Moore, JN, et al. Effects of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)) on P450 enzymes, jaw histology and tissue morphology of mink (Mustela( vison)