How Dairy Foods Aid in Food Security

Transcription

1 16 April

2 How Dairy Foods Aid in Food Security Veronique Lagrange, US Dairy Export Council Arla Seminar, April 16, 2013 Managed by Dairy Management Inc.

3 How Dairy Foods Aid in Food Security I. Introduction II. Relationship between food security and malnutrition III. Focus on young children: stunting IV. People living with HIV/AIDS V. Next steps to advance science 3

4 Food Security: What It Means Food security: access for all people, at all times, to the food needed for an active and health lifestyle 4

5 Why Food Security Matters 29 countries have alarming or extremely alarming levels of hunger 925 million people (1/8) are chronically undernourished Food price crises in recent years have heightened the risk and consequences for vulnerable groups The world population is expected to increase from 7 to 9 billion by 2050 (WHO, other sources) 5

6 Solving hunger WFP: hunger kills, lowers IQ, decreases wages, reduces school attendance and undermines economic growth Nutrition boosts economic development Nutrition is now at the core of the agenda, with a focus on childhood stunting Photo courtesy: World Food Program 6

7 Malnutrition: new focus on dietary quality Malnutrition isn t just about not having enough food to eat Malnutrition Immediate causes Inadequate dietary intake Disease Underlying causes Household food insecurity Inadequate care environment Poor public health and hygiene Adapted from an Action Against Hunger version of the UNICEF original framework. Diagram courtesy: Catholic Relief Services 7

8 Food Insecurity and Malnutrition Two Major Vulnerable Groups: Children under 2, mothers People living with HIV/AIDS Photo courtesy: Action Contre la Faim 8

9 Vulnerable Populations: Children Under 2 Prevention and treatment of MAM is at the core of the solution: nutritional interventions in pregnancy and early life can reduce stunting. Recent reports and research conducted show the use of supplementary foods (containing dairy) during the first two years has positive effects. Large data gap remains: HOW MUCH dairy? Which are the critical nutrients? Photo courtesy: Miraclesinaction.org 9

10 Support for Dairy: In 2008, WHO, UNICEF, WFP and UNHCR held the Consultation on the Dietary Management of Moderate Malnutrition in Children. Among the recommendations made by the panel, it is stated, The addition of animal-source foods to a plant-based diet promotes the recovery of moderately malnourished children 10

11 groups Support for Dairy: Food Aid quality review Dr. Michaelsen and his team reviewed the use of whey and milk powder in fortified blended foods for vulnerable groups (2008) SUSTAIN launched a review of food aid quality for USAID. 11

12 Support for Dairy: MSF Later in 2010, an extensive news report by Christiane Amanpour of ABC features MSF s Susan Shepherd. The low quality of US food aid, based on corn soy blends is denounced; we need to put the milk back in the rations for malnourished children. MSF petitions US Government to improve quality of food aid 12

13 Support for Dairy: USAID In April 2011, USAID published its review of the quality of US food aid, and recommendations of products and programs, conducted by Tufts University. The report explicitly recommends the inclusion of dairy proteins, specifically the addition of 3% WPC80 in fortified blended foods. 13

14 Support for Dairy: World Health Organization The inclusion of milk powder as an ingredient improves the amino acid profile is a good contributor of bioavailable calcium and potassium.. Specific stimulating effect on linear growth. 14

15 Support for Dairy: FAO January 2013: New proposed method to measure protein gives a 25-30% advantage to dairy proteins 15

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17 Yet: Still Facing Strong Challenges Since the publication of the Tufts report, the soy industry has challenged USAID s recommendations, in private meetings with the administration and in public Solae (DuPont) actively defending soy s share 17

18 Solae (DuPont) actively defending soy s share 18

19 Science-based evidence needed, focus on dose Product A vs. Product B Most studies focused on this relationship Outcome, cost Role/function of nutrients Area of emerging interest: design products using new science Effective dose of nutrients (Delivered: in matrix, featuring losses, synergies acceptability) 19

20 Evidence for Dairy: Summary Strong evidence that cow s milk stimulates linear growth in nutritionally vulnerable children Milk stimulates weight gain and linear growth in infancy Whey proteins support lean body mass growth, muscle recovery Protein: new method to measure protein quality, gives dairy a 25-30% advantage over plant proteins 20

21 Evidence for Dairy IGF/Insulin: IGF-I to be considered as a potential marker to follow the nutritional status of children admitted in hospitals for protein and energy malnutrition Minerals: research suggests milk minerals are critical to re-nutrition; studies are being developed to examine this effect Research question remains: what is the minimum dose/kg of dairy ingredients to be used. 21

22 Vulnerable Populations: People Living With HIV/AIDS Weight loss is common with HIV/AID infection. Food insecurity is an important contributor to HIVassociated wasting in many countries. Low body mass index (BMI) is a strong risk factor for early mortality during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Nutritional supplementation has become standard of care. 22

23 Vulnerable Populations: People Living With HIV/AIDS Sub-Sahara Africa is home to 67% of the 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS, with the highest infection rates (in excess of 25%) found in Southern and East Africa. Food insecurity increases the risk of HIV infection. 23

24 Vulnerable Populations: People Living With HIV/AIDS USDEC funded a study examining the effectiveness of whey proteins in lean body mass regain after the start of ART. Results of the study are expected. The next research area? 24

25 Need to Strengthen the Case for Milk in Food Aid and Food Security Lots of study in the field but difficult to compare data Need to unite in order to develop guidelines for studies protocol and reporting to allow comparisons across studies, pooling of data No more black boxes : Need to study possible mechanisms of action, as well as the exact dose that is effective Examine benefits of all dairy ingredient formats 25

26 DairyforGlobalNutrition.org Thank You Veronique Lagrange USDEC acknowledges the critical contribution of dairy-farmer funded Dairy Research Institute (DRI) staff and funds to this initiative. 26