Distal humerus fractures - adult

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1 Topic 2: Fractures around the elbow Distal humerus fractures - adult Prof. Dr. Andreas Platz Klinik für Allgemein-, Hand- und Unfallchirurgie Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich

2 Agenda 1. Epidemiology 2. Classifica4on 3. Basics of osteosynthesis 4. Outcome 5. Ques4ons 6. Summary

3 Epidemiology fractures of the distal humerus Rare fracture : 5/ /J 2-6% of all fractures, 30% of all fractures around elbow 2 peaks o 12-19j: m>f; high energy o >65j: m<f; low energy In the future increased incidence due to increased popula4on at risk

4 ClassificaLon (AO) C 37%, 0 B 24% A 38% [ 2 Robinson C M et al. Adult distal humeral metaphyseal fractures: epdemiology and results of treatment J Orthop Trauma 2003; 17: 38-47

5 Goal of treatment Reconstruc4on of the joint Golden arc of mo4on F/E: 130/30/0 No pain Good func4on (adapted to the demands of the pa4ent) Lill H, Korner J, Josten C. Distale Humerusfrakturen.. In: Josten C, Lill H, Hrsg. Ellenbogenverletzungen.. Steinkopf Verlag; 2002:

6 Therapy Conserva4ve treatment: n = 70 pa4ents Age > 75 y Risk of inacceptable result 3x higher Pseudarthrosis 6 x higher Nauth A, Mckee MD, Ristevski B et al Distal humeral fractures in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am (2011) 93:

7 Basics of osteosynthesis Prone posi4on PosiLon and Approach - dorsal: Standardapproach

8 Approach lateral medial triceps-on tricepselevating Chevron

9 Approach Extensor Mechanism On Osteotomy J.M. Erpelding et al.:outcomes Following Distal Humeral Fracture Fixa4on with an Extensor Mechanism-On Approach; JBJS Am 2012

10 Therapy Geriatric pa4ents with healed fracture aker osteosynthesis have similar results compared with 1 prosthesis Recommenda4ons of authors: Treatment according to the experience of the surgeon Obremskey WT, Bhandari M, Dirschl DR et al. Internal fixa4on versus arthroplasty of comminuted fractures of the distal humerus. J Orthop Trauma (2003) 17:

11 IntraarLcular Fracture 13C 1. Reconstruc4on joint - ev. on table - Reconstruc4on 2. Osteosynthesis of radial and ulnar column with 2 plates

12 Plates NO 1/3 tubular plates! Standard: 3.5mm-Reconstruc4on plate LCP 3.5mm precontoured plate - Good stability in multyfragmentary Fx and poor bone quality - Good fixa4on distal (smaller screws) Korner J, Lill H, Muller L P et al. Distal humerus fractures in elderly pa4ents: results aker open reduc4on and internal fixa4on. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16 (Suppl. 2): S73-S79

13 J Orthop Trauma Volume 18, Number 5, May/June 2004

14 PosiLoning of the plates Significant higher s4ffness in group 4-50% higher than group 1 Conclusion: " The biomechanical behavior of the osteosynthesis depends more on plate configuralon than plate type Nevertheless, locking compression plates are helpful tools for achieving primary stable fracture fixa4on "

15 Implants Indica4on for elbow-prosthesis - High compliance - Low func4onal demand - Age > 65J - Osteoporosis - Rheumatoid arthri4s - Limita4ons of ROM - Mul4fragmentary fracture, not amendable for stable reconstruc4on Müller L P, Dietz S-O, Rommens P M et al. Total elbow replacement as primary treatment for complex fractures of the distal osteopenic humerus. European J Trauma 2003; 29: 63-67

16 70 y, m, Tennis

17

18 postop Jahr postop

19 ComplicaLons Failure of osteosynthesis % Non union 5.4% Lesion N. ulnaris up to 16% Postopera4ve Infec4on 5 10% Heterotopic Ossifica4on up to 40% Schmidt-Horlohe K, Bonk A, Wilde P et al. Func4onal results aker osteosynthesis of the distal humerus fracture with an anatomically precontoured, angularstable double plate system. Z Orthop Unfall 2010; 148: Vazquez O, Rutgers M, Ring D C et al. Fate of the ulnar nerve aker opera4ve fixa4on of distal humerus fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2010; 24: Chen R C, Harris D J, Leduc S et al. Is ulnar nerve transposi4on beneficial during open reduc4on internal fixa4on of distal humerus fractures?. J Orthop Trauma 2010; 24:

20 Outcome Osteosynthesis n = 150 pa4ents (73.3 y) 97 / 150 pa4ents (64.6 %) MEPS: excellent / good result MEPS points 45 / 150 pa4ents with complica4ons (30%) [1] Dietz SO., Nowak TE, Burkhart KJ, Müller LP, Rommens PM: Distale Humerusfraktur beim älteren Menschen Unfallchirurg(2011) 114:

21 Outcome TEA n = 203 pa4ents (72.9 y) 193 / 203 pa4ents (95.1 %) MEPS: excellent / good result MEPS 91.2 points 61/ 203 pa4ents with complica4ons (30.1 %) Dietz SO., Nowak TE, Burkhart KJ, Müller LP, Rommens PM: Distale Humerusfraktur beim älteren Menschen Unfallchirurg(2011) 114:

22

23 QuesLons Why is > 65 y a criteria for 1 prosthesis?... not amenable to stable fixa4on... What about the surgeon s experience?

24 QuesLons Why is > 65 y a criteria for 1 prosthesis? o 2nd peak Acute distal humeral fractures Nonrheumatoid pa4ents > 75 y Rheumatoid disease any age Reduced life expectancy any age Pathological bone any age Degenera4ve elbow disease > 60 y - 75 y instead of 65 y - no remark concerning multyfragmentary fx as indica4on Outside of these indica4ons...tea is contra-indicated... Ali A, Shahane S, Stanley D Total elbow arthroplasty for distal humeral fractures: indica4ons, surgical approach, technical 4ps, and outcome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg (2010) 19:53 58

25 QuesLons... not amenable to stable fixa4on... What about the surgeon s experience? 90 y, f, lives in own flat, 3x Spitex / week 3 mt aker OP, removal of K-wire, no pain, F/E 120/20/0

26 QuesLons 86 y, f, lives in own flat Wrong decisions: OP: Yes / No Approach: + or Osteotomy

27 QuesLons What about the surgeon s experience?

28 Kommentar im Austri~sbericht:...whs wird im Verlauf eine Re-OP nö4g, ggf Versorgung mit einer Endoprothese...

29

30 Summary /RecommendaLons Geriatric pa4ents with healed fracture aker osteosynthesis have similar results compared with 1 prosthesis Obremskey WT, Bhandari M, Dirschl DR et al. Internal fixa4on versus arthroplasty of comminuted fractures of the distal humerus. J Orthop Trauma (2003) 17: Recommenda4ons of authors: Women >65 y with osteoporosis, steroids, C 2 1 Elbow-Prosthesis Frankle MA, Herscovici D, Dipasquale TG et al A comparison of open reduc4on and internal fixa4on and primary total elbow arthroplasty in the treatment of intraar4cular distal humerus fractures in women older than age 65. J Orthop Trauma (2003) 17:

31 Summary /RecommendaLons A U T H O R S C O N C L U S I O N S Implica4ons for prac4ce Overall, this review found there is either no or insufficient evidence from randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials to determine whether surgery is, and which surgical interven4ons are, the most appropriate for the management of different types of distal humerus fractures. Wang Y, Zhuo Q, Tang P, Yang W. Surgical interven4ons for trea4ng distal humeral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database of SystemaLc Reviews 2013, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD

32 Summary /RecommendaLons? Experience of the surgeon!!! Dietz SO., Nowak TE, Burkhart KJ, Müller LP, Rommens PM Distale Humerusfraktur beim älteren Menschen Unfallchirurg(2011) 114:

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