Index. C Cell wall anatomy muscles, 36 ribs, 35 sternum, 36 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), 167 Chest pain, 105, 111

Transcription

1 A Absorbable plates, 20, 96, 128, 147, 182 Absorbable prostheses, 145, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 38, 64, 79, 81 82, 86 Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol, 55 American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grading systems, 178 American Association for Thoracic Surgery, 10 American Medical Association (AMA), 165, 167, 172 Analgesia, 62, 76, 144, Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO) principles, 168 Atypical ribs, 36 B Ben Taub Hospital multimodal pain regimen, 61 rib fracture guideline, 57 Bioresorbable prostheses, 147, 148 Blunt chest trauma, 38, 69, 71, 80 Blunt Pulmonary Contusion 18 Score, 48 Blunt thoracic trauma, 159 Bone-healing and non-union theory (BHN theory), , 130 Bronchoscopy, 143, 171, 172 C Cell wall anatomy muscles, 36 ribs, 35 sternum, 36 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), 167 Chest pain, 105, 111 Chest tightness, 161 Chest Trauma Score, 50 Chest wall deformity, 95 respiratory physiology, 37 Chest wall anatomy accessory muscles of expiration, 31 accessory muscles of inspiration, 30 musculature, 30 nerves, 32 primary muscles of respiration, 30 rib cage, 28 spine, sternum, 27 surface anatomy, vasculature, 33 Chest wall injuries, 145, 175, 177, 179 Chinese surgeons, 4 Egyptian surgeons, 3 Eighteenth century surgeons, 8 Indian surgeons, 4 Islamic surgeons, 5, 6 Italian surgeons, 6 mechanical ventilation, 11 Medieval surgeons, 7 minimally invasive approach, 19 Nineteenth century surgeons, 8, 9 Roman surgeons, 4, 5 SSRF (see Surgical stabilization of rib fractures) Sumerians, 1 surgical management, 186 Chest wall injury scoring systems, 45, 47, 48 comparison, 49 design outcome variables, 48 predictor variables, 47 statistical consideration, 48 uniform classification, lack of, 48 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 M. de Moya, J. Mayberry (eds.), Rib Fracture Management, 191

2 192 Chest wall injury scoring systems (Cont.) limitations, 53 parameters, 48 tasks, 52 Chest Wall Injury Society nomenclature system, 52 Chest Wall Organ Injury Scale, Clinical care pathways, 55, 64 Clinical Rib Score, 51 Coding regulations denials of claims, modifier, 172 Computed tomography (CT), 39 41, 56, 71 75, 79 81, 124, 130 Costochondritis, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code, , 172 Cyriax syndrome, see Slipping rib syndrome D Delphi method, 52 Denver Health Medical Center clinical pathway, 177 Diagnostic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), 167 Dyspnea, 90, 161 E Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST), 74, 76, 93, 94 Electromagnetic stimulation (ESTIM), 132 Empyema, 6, 162 Epidural anesthesia, 62 F Flail chest, 86, 87, injuries, 117 pathophysiology, 38 radiographic finding, 178 Floating ribs, 29, 35 Full operative report, 166 Functional residual capacity (FRC), 88, 89 G Geriatric traumatic patients, 41, 42, 118 H Harborview Trauma Center rib fracture management protocol, 77 Hardware infection, 162 Hardware insertion documentation, Hemothorax, 8, 41, 72, 77 High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), 76 Hooking maneuver, 109 Hypertrophic non-united rib fractures, 125, 126, 130 I Immediate postoperative note, 166 Inion resorbable prostheses, 148, 149, 151 Initial chest radiograph, 71 Interchondral joints, 106, 108 Intercostal brachial nerve, 32 Intercostal nerve, 106, 107 Intercostal nerve blocks, 62 Internal fixation code, 167 Internal stabilization of rib fractures, 146 Intramedullary rib fixation, J Judet plates, 146 K Kirschner wires, 154, 155, 162 KLS Martin (Jacksonville, FL) titanium convergent biaxial 3D fixation system, 153 L Lateral thoracic artery, 33 Likelihood ratio (LR), 46, 51 Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), 132 Lung contusion, animal studies, 38 ARDS management, 81 categories, 39 central venous pressure (CVP), 39 CT scan predictors, 79 diagnosis, 70 history, 69 invasive management, 77 noninvasive management, 75 pathophysiology, 70 volume measurement CT imaging, LUS score, 81 Lung ultrasonography (LUS) score, 81 Lung ultrasound, 71, 72

3 193 M Maryland state trauma database, 13 MatrixRIB titanium fixation system, 131, 151, 152 McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), 128 Medial pectoral nerve, 32 Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), 21 N National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI), 167 National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), 38, 58, 161, 186 National Trauma Database, 180 Negative predictive value (NPV), 46 Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), 76 Noninvasive ventilation, 76 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy, 59, 60, 119 Non-union of first rib fractures, 124, 131 Non-united rib fractures (NURFs) definition, 123 ESTIM treatment, 132 LIPUS treatment, 132 nonoperative management, Oregon Health and Science University experience, 128 Sheffield experience, University of Minnesota experience, 128 Nosocomial pneumonia, 55, 62, 160 Number of rib fractures, 37, 55, 96, 160 multiple rib fractures, 97 open rib fractures, 96 pain control, 98 pulmonary herniation, 96 pulmonary mechanics, 98 thoracotomy, 99 timings, 100 P Painful rib syndrome, see Slipping rib syndrome Painful xiphoid syndrome, see Xiphodynia Paravertebral nerve blocks, 62 Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), 62 Pediatric traumatic patients, 42 Plate migration, 142, 162 Pneumonia, 38, 46, 59, 80, 160 Pneumothorax, 40, 71, 81 chest CT scan, 40 incidence, 40 tension, Polylactide copolymer prostheses, 147 Positive predictive value (PPV), 46 Posterior rib fractures, interval displacement of, 180 Pre-contoured plates, 182 Pulmonary contusion, see Lung contusion Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), 97 acute impacts, 87 long-term impacts, 89 risk stratification, 88 timeline of recovery, 91 Pulmonary herniation, 96 O Open reduction code, 167 Open rib fractures, 47, 96 Open thoracotomy code, Operative reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) technique, 11, Operative rib fixation, 93, contraindications fracture location, 100 pulmonary contusion, 100 traumatic brain injury, 100 indications, 94 age, 99 chest wall deformity, 95 chronic malunion, 96 flail chest, 95 long-term pain and disability, 98 mechanical ventilation, 97 R Receiver operate characteristic (ROC) curve, 46, 47, 50, 51, 79 Respiratory muscles, 30, 31 Rib fracture management algorithm goal, 117 ICU care, 119 non-intubated patients, 117, 118 patient s physiologic reserve, 118 pulmonary physiology, 118 severity of injury, 117 Rib Fracture Score, 50 Rib fracture surgery, see Surgical stabilization of rib fractures Rib fractures, 58 64, 175, 176, 178, 184, 186 fixation and mortality, 160 incidence, 37 initial evaluation, 55

4 194 Rib fractures (Cont.) injury severity, 37 life-threatening complications, 176 management complications, 64 fluid management, 59 future directions, summary of, 176 healthcare providers, 175, 186 muscle sparring approach, 184 nutritional support, pulmonary care, VTE, 63 pain management NSAID therapy, 60 opioids, 61, 62 regional anesthesia, 62 patient disposition, 56, 57 scoring systems validation, 178 Rib fractures and lung contusions, see Thoracic trauma RibFix Blu thoracic fixation system, 152 RibLoc U plate titanium fixation system, 149, 150 RibLoc U plus titanium fixation system, 150, 151 RibScore, 50, 51, 177 Rib-tip syndrome, see Slipping rib syndrome S Scoring systems, 45, 46 cell wall (see Chest wall injury scoring systems) challenges, 45 predictive models, 46 purpose, 45 test properties, 46 NPV, 46 PPV, 46 sensitivity, 45 specificity, 45 Severely displaced rib fractures, 95, 97 SF-36 Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, 128, 129 Slipping rib syndrome diagnosis, 109 pathophysiology, 108 prevalence, 108 report history, 107 symptoms, 109 treatment, 110 Spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs), 58 Stainless steel plates, 146 Sternum, 27, 28, 36, 106 StraCos rib fixation system, 153 Super Fixsorb, 148 Superior thoracic artery, 33 Surgical stabilisation of non-united rib fractures (SSNURFS) case reports, 129 chest radiograph, 126 report history, 124 surgical technique, 128 Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRFs), 130, 182, 183, 186 analgesia, 144 anatomic reduction, 140, 141 AO principles, 140 barriers to offering, 181 bronchoscopy, closure, 143 complications, 184 exposure, hardware infection, 185 hardware securement, incisions, indications, 180, 181 lateral decubitus positioning, 136 locking screw technology, 142, 143 long-term quality of life, 187 operative technique credentialing and privileging, 186 fixation, 182 positioning, 183 three-dimensional printing systems, 183 optimal timing, 181 positioning, prone positioning, 136, 137 supine position, 135 temporary fixation devices, 142 thoracic cavity lavage, 144 T Tension pneumothorax, 41 Thoracic CT scan imaging, 74, 71 Thoracic trauma, 55, 70 75, diagnosis clinical history, 70 initial chest radiograph, 71 thoracic CT scan imaging, ultrasound procedures, 71 epidemiology, 69

5 pathophysiology, 70, PFTs acute impacts, long-term impacts, risk stratification, Thoracic Trauma Severity (TTS) score, 79 Thoracodorsal nerve, 32 Thoracoscopy codes, Thorax mechanics, 25 Three-dimensional printing systems, 183 Tietze s syndrome, Traumatic brain injury, 100 Traumatic injury algorithm, see Rib fracture management algorithm Typical ribs, 29, 35 V Venous thromboembolic events (VTE), 63 Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), 58, 161 Vital capacity (VC), W Western Trauma Association (WTA) guidelines, 118 Western Trauma Association algorithm for rib fractures, 76 Whole-body CT (WBCT) imaging, 75 Wright Mark 8 respirometer, 88 X Xiphodynia, Xiphoid process, 36, 106 Z Zimmer Biomet system, 152