6 Categories of Psych Disorders

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Crystal Short
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1 6 Categories of Psych Disorders 1. Anxiety Disorders General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Phobic Disorder Panic Disorder Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 2. Mood Disorders Major Clinical Depression Bipolar I and II Disorder 3. Schizophrenia Paranoid Schizophrenia Disorganized Schizophrenia Catatonic Schizophrenia 4. Dissociative Disorders Psychogenic Fugue Psychogenic Amnesia Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) 5. Somatoform Disorders Somatic Symptom Disorder Conversion Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis) 6. Personality Disorders Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

2 Other Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Hoarding Tic Disorders BDD

3 Body Dysmorphic Disorder Preoccupation with defect in appearance Difficulty in controlling their preoccupation Thinking about defect Looking in mirrors Camouflaging imagined defect Undergo medical, dental, or surgical treatment to correct the defect

4 Body Dysmorphic Disorder May be tied to OCD (BDD suffers have obsessive thinking and compulsive behaviors, and respond to SSRI s as treatment)

5 Michael Jackson

9 Joan Rivers, comedienne

11 Donatella Versace, socialite

13 Human Barbie Jenny, late 20 s Three nose jobs, veneers on her teeth, three lip implants, two boob jobs, three breast lifts, and liposuction on her arms, stomach, hips, thighs, and knees

14 28 plastic surgeries Botox & shots in nose to reduce scar tissue

16 6 Categories of Psych Disorders Dissociative Disorders: Break in the connection between: REALITY & Perception of REALITY In most cases, gives rise to an inability to deal with reality... what is real & what seems real are not the same

Types of Dissociative Disorders PSYCHOGENIC FUGUE: Forgets his past & essentially creates a new history NOT aware that

PSYCHOGENIC AMNESIA: Forgets her past but realizes she has forgotten it NO FORM of biological insult or injury to the

17 Types of Dissociative Disorders PSYCHOGENIC FUGUE: Forgets his past & essentially creates a new history NOT aware that he has had another past Invented past is the only reality that he knows Fugue also involves fleeing -> new location PSYCHOGENIC AMNESIA: Forgets her past but realizes she has forgotten it NO FORM of biological insult or injury to the brain Amnesia must stem from a psychological cause DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (D.I.D.): **Previously known as - multiple personality disorder Result of trauma: Personality is split into distinct & separate different personalities Personalities are called forth under different circumstances & often one personality does not know about other personalities

18 What is dissociation? A split in the mind in which there can be two independent streams of consciousness occurring at the same time, allowing some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

19 Dissociation Continuum Normal Dissociative DID Polyfragmented Amnesia or Fugue DID Normal: Daydreaming, highway hypnosis, getting lost in a book Dissociative Amnesia: Loss of memory (no physical cause) Dissociative Fugue: Loss of memory with flight (leave home) DID: DSM V definition Polyfragmented DID: Over 100 personality states

Dissociative Amnesia 1 or more episodes or inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic nature. Example: Marcie Marcie was found by the police wandering in the street.

20 Dissociative Amnesia 1 or more episodes or inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic nature. Example: Marcie Marcie was found by the police wandering in the street. She could not remember her name, did not know where she lived, and did not recognize the identification papers that she was carrying. She was examined [at a local hospital] and had no serious injuries. The following day the medical staff was able to contact Marcie s parents. They rushed to the hospital. Marcie did not recognize them Her parents told the staff that Marcie had been involved in an automobile accident 2 days before on her way to work with her cousin Her cousin was not wearing a seat belt and was severely injured The accident was not Marcie s fault but she seemed to blame herself. She became withdrawn and later disappeared from her apartment. The family had been trying to locate her since then.

21 Dissociative Fugue Individuals suddenly and unexpectedly travel away from their home. Unable to recall their past, have confusion over their identity, and may assume a new identity. Example: Douglas

22 Dissociative Identity Disorder Two or more distinct personalities* At least 2 of these identities recurrently take control of the person s behavior During these periods, the individual is often unable to recall important personal information *Average # is 15 personalities

23 Criminal Minds: Accurate?

24 YouTube Video: SEC "Herschell" Best running back in college football history

25 YouTube Video: Herschel Walker - D.I.D. Part I

26 YouTube Video: Herschel Walker D.I.D. Part 2

27 DID Why? Psychologically escape from trauma; a coping mechanism More women than men (ratio 9 1) Onset early childhood, median 4-years-old

28 DID: Treatment No drug therapies treat different personalities, but can be treated with drugs for other issues (for example, SSRI s for depression) INTEGRATION is the goal of talk therapies. Long-term treatment Emotionally painful (remembering & reclaiming the dissociated traumatic experience)

DID Controversial diagnosis Scientific evidence?

Kim Noble (20 main, many fragments) http://www.

29 DID Controversial diagnosis Scientific evidence? (brain wave patterns) Increase in number of cases ( induced by therapists?) Cultural differences ( culture bound ) Example: Kim Noble (20 main, many fragments) Kim-Nobles-Multiple-Personalities-Video (5:20)

30 6 Categories of Psych Disorders Somatoform Disorders: (so mato form) Individual suffers from some form of physical ailment, when there is, in fact: NO REAL CAUSE for that ailment to occur

Types of SOMATOFORM DISORDERS CONVERSION DISORDER: Person suffers from great deal of

convert stress into some physical ailment Ex: Anxious because she has to give an oral

In such a situation, the stress was converted into the problem of not being able to talk.

yet doctors find nothing physically wrong.

31 Types of SOMATOFORM DISORDERS CONVERSION DISORDER: Person suffers from great deal of stress concerning an upcoming event & as a strategy for dealing with stress: Person will convert stress into some physical ailment Ex: Anxious because she has to give an oral presentation to her class, she might suddenly develop a cause of laryngitis the day before. In such a situation, the stress was converted into the problem of not being able to talk. ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER (formerly Hypochondria): Believes he has a major medical malady, yet doctors find nothing physically wrong. Patient seeks treatment for an ailment that he believes exists. Becomes obsessed with idea that a life-threatening disease hasn't been diagnosed yet.

32 Conversion Disorder Sensory (blindness) or motor dysfunction (paralysis): NO PHYSICAL BASIS Psychological difficulties are CONVERTED into physical ones. Linked to social or psychological stress.

33 Conversion Disorder: Anna O. Drs. Josef Breuer & Sigmund Freud Symptoms: severe cough, paralysis on right side, vision, hearing and speech disturbance, hallucinations Diagnosis: hysteria Cause: Result of grief over father s death Developed psychoanalysis: insight & free association, transference (believed she was pregnant with Dr. Breuer s baby); Success in WWI treating shell shock

34 Treatment: Conversion Disorder Based on a trusting relationship with physician. When reassured of no serious underlying disorder, symptoms fade. Cognitive-Behavioral: deal with stressful situation that caused problem.

August 2011, 14 students (13 girls & 1 boy) from the LeRoy Junior-Senior High School began reporting myriad

Laszlo Mechtler, a neurologist treating most of the girls, was given permission to share the diagnosis of conversion

Erin Brockovich, noted environmental activist, was called to town to investigate environmental pollution from the

As this happened, many of these girls started reporting worse symptoms to their doctors & the illness spread to 20

Eventually, as doctors encouraged their patients to stay away from the media & the media attention died down, many of

36 August 2011, 14 students (13 girls & 1 boy) from the LeRoy Junior-Senior High School began reporting myriad perplexing medical symptoms including verbal outbursts, tics, seizure activity & speech difficulty. Dr. Laszlo Mechtler, a neurologist treating most of the girls, was given permission to share the diagnosis of conversion disorder & mass psychogenic illness. Erin Brockovich, noted environmental activist, was called to town to investigate environmental pollution from the 1970 Lehigh Valley Railroad derailment as a possible cause. As this happened, many of these girls started reporting worse symptoms to their doctors & the illness spread to 20 individuals in total. Eventually, as doctors encouraged their patients to stay away from the media & the media attention died down, many of the girls' symptoms improved. By the end of the school year in June, 1 girl was diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome, likely the source of the mass psychogenic illness, & most of the girls who received treatment for conversion disorder were back to normal in time for graduation. No environmental causes were found after repeat testing around the school & surrounding areas of town.

37 YouTube: CBS This Morning - Conversion Disorder Charlie Rose & Erica Hill speak w/ Dr. Jennifer McVige, a pediatric neurologist, about the mysterious illness more than a dozen N.Y. teens from the same upstate school suffering from tics.

38 Illness Anxiety Disorder (formerly known as Hypochondriasis) Persistent (6 months or more) belief that they have, or are developing, a serious illness. Experience anxiety about getting sick

39 Illness Anxiety Disorder Treatment: Relationship with physician important (calm, firm, supportive) Offers symptomatic relief, but protects patient from aggressive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Psychopathology Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders

Psychopathology Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders What you should know when you finish studying Chapter 6: 1. The common features of somatoform disorders 2. The defining features of Hypochondriasis