INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE LONG TERM CARE FACILITY

Transcription

1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE LONG TERM CARE FACILITY The following is a list of the most common infectious diseases that are to be found in the long term care facility. Precautions are recommended and the duration of the infectious period have been derived from the current CDC guidelines and recommendations. Abscess, draining major Yes soiling is Abscess, draining minor soiling is Acquired soiling is Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Amebiasis Dysentery soiling is Bronchitis, Adult Respiratory Candidiasis, all forms Cellulitis, draining soiling is Chickenpox (Varicella) Yes Yes Yes Yes Respiratory and lesions Pus Duration of illness Dressing does not Pus Duration of illness Dressing adequately contains the Blood and Duration of illness body fluids Use caution when handling blood and blood soiled articles; avoid needle stick; if GI bleeding is, wear gloves when handling feces; gloves should be worn if there are open wounds Pus Duration of illness Dressing covers Susceptible people should stay out of room 1

2 Chlamydia Trachomatous Purulent exudate Duration of illness Conjunctivitis Chlamydia Genital Genital Duration of illness dishcarge Chlamydia Respiratory Respiratory Duration of illness Common Cold Respiratory Duration of illness Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Blood, brain tissue and Duration of hospitalization Use caution when handling blood, brain Decubitis ulcer (major, draining, infected) Decubitis ulcer (minor, infected, draining) Diarrhea, acute Yes soiling is soiling is soiling is Diphtheria (cutaneous) Yes soiling is spinal fluid tissue or spinal fluid Pus Duration of illness Dressing does not Pus Duration of illness Dressing covers and adequately contains the, or infected area is very small Until 2 cultures from the skin lesions, taken at least 24 hours apart after the cessation of antimicrobial therapy, are negative for Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2

3 Diphtheria (pharyngeal) Yes Yes soiling is Herpes Zoster (localized in immunocompromiseddesseminated) Herpes Zoster (localizeid in normal ) Yes Yes Yes Respiratory Until 2 cultures from both nose and throat, taken at least 24 hours apart after the cessation of antimicrobial therapy are negative and possible respiratory Influenza, adults Legionnaires Respiratory Measles (Rubeola) Yes Yes, for those close Multiply-resistant organisms; MRSA, other bacteria resistant to penicillin (respiratory) Yes Yes, for those close Respiratory soiling is Respiratory and possible feces Duration of illness For 4 days after the start of the rash Until antimicrobials culture negative Exposed susceptible s should be on isolation precautions beginning at 10 days after exposure and continuing until 21 days after last exposure Persons susceptible to chickenpox should stay out of the room Persons susceptible to measles should stay out of room In outbreaks, cohorting of infected or colonized s may be indicated if private rooms are not available 3

4 Multiply-resistant organisms; MRSA, other bateria resistant to penicillin (skin) Yes soiling is Until antimicrobials culture negative Pus and possible feces Pneumonia (bacterial) Respiratory Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory Pneumococcal Secretions Pneumonia (S. aureus) Yes Yes soiling is Respiratory Pneumonia (viral) Respiratory Enterocolitis (clostridium difficile) soiling is Fever of unknown origin Gastroenteritis, all types soiling is German measles (Rubella) Herpes Simplex, recurrent (skin, oral, genital) Yes Yes, for those clsoe Respiratory Ringworm Scabies Yes, for close contact Yes, for close contact For 48 hours after start of therapy from infected site Infected area For 7 days after onset of rash For 24 hours after start of effective therapy In outbreaks, cohorting of infected or colonized s may be indicated if private rooms are not available Pregnant women should have no contact with s 4

5 Schistosomiasis Staphylococcal dis.(skin Yes soiling is wound, major) Staphylococcal dis. (minor) soiling is Syphilis (latent, w/o lesions) Tapeworm Feces (maybe) Trench Mouth (Vincent s angina) Tuberculosis (pulmonary) Airborne droplet nuclei Yes, with special ventilation is coughing and does not reliably cover mouth gross contamination of clothing is Pus Duration of illness Dressings do not Pus Duration of illness Dressings do not Usually 2-3 weeks after chemotherapy begins If is infected with isoniazid-resistant organisms, continue precautions until sputum smear is negative for TB organisms Urinary Tract Infection Residents with indwelling catheters should be separated 5