± Λ Body Mass Index(kg/m 2 ) 2 EMGVer2.00Oisaka 3.5cm 3 1,000Hz Hz MVCMaximal Voluntary Contraction%MVC MMT Manual Muscle T

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1 Vol. 15 No Λ1 Λ2 Λ2 20ο2120.5±0.511 MVC Maximal Voluntary Contraction%MVC FRP Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon ADLActivities of Daily Living ADLActivities of Daily Living 1) ROM Range of Motion 2;3) 4 11) 4;5) FRPFlexion Relaxation Phenomenon 6 8) EBMEvidence Based Medicine 9;12) 9) 10) Λ1 Λ malta@po.incl.ne.jp 463

2 ± Λ Body Mass Index(kg/m 2 ) 2 EMGVer2.00Oisaka 3.5cm 3 1,000Hz Hz MVCMaximal Voluntary Contraction%MVC MMT Manual Muscle Test MVC 5 DY / y1) msec/ 1 SPSS Friedman Wilcoxon 1 2 p< %MVC 3 %MVC %MVC p<0.05%mvc 1 X 9;13;14)

3 ff ACASISTR ff 2 ffi Λ p<0.05 Friedman Wilcoxon Λ X 15 18) 8;19) X

4 466 3 %MVC % Λ p<0.05 Friedman Wilcoxon Λ 2 1 9;20 24) FRP 6;7) Floyd WF 6;7) FRP 9) 9) Callagham JP 25) FRP FRP 10) Callagham JP 25) FRP FRP ) Nouwen A 25) FRP 26;27;29) FRP Callagham JP 25) Flat Back 30;31)

5 467 ADL 1 2 FRP 3 Flat Back ADL ADL 16 y ) Nachemson ALThe lumber spinean orthopaedic changespine Nachemson ALDisc pressure measurementsspine Floyd WF and Silver PHFunction of erectores spinae in flexion of the trunklancet Floyd WF and Silver PHThe function of the erectores spinae muscles in certain movements and postures in manj Physiol Tanii K and Masuda TA kinesiologic study of erectors spinae activity during trunk flexion and extension Ergonomics Chaffin DBAnderson GBJ and Martin BJOccupational Biomechanics 3rd ed John Wiley & Sons New York Sanders G and Stavrakas PA technique for measuring pelvic tiltphys Ther Sprigle SFlinn NWootten M and McCorry SDevelopment and testing of a pelvic goniometer designed to measure pelvic tilt and hip flexionclin BiomechBristoAvon Gajdosik RSimpson RSmith R and DonTigny RLPelvic tiltintratester reliability ofmeasuring the

6 468 standing position and range of motionphys Ther Burdett RGBrown KE and Fall MPReliability andvalidity offour instruments for measuring lumbar spine and pelvic positionphys Ther Morris JMLucas DB and Bresler BRole of the trunk in stability of the spinej Bone Joint Surg43-A Anderson CKChaffin DB and Herrin GDA study of lumbosacral orientation under varied static loads Spine Callaghan JP and Dunk NMExamination of the flexion relaxation phenomenon in erector spinae muscles during short duration slumped sitting Clin BiomechBristol, Avon Paquet NMalouin F and Richards CLHip-spine movement interaction and muscle activation patterns during sagittal trunk movements in low back pain patientsspine Farfan HFMuscular mechanism of the lumbar spine and the position of power and efficiencyorthop Clin North Am Nouwen AVan Akkerveeken PF and Versloot JMPatterns of muscular activity during movement in patients with chronic low-back painspine Stuart McGill Paris SV and Porter RWBack paincausesprevention and treatmentthe university of Georgia center for continuing educationatlanta

7 469 Influence of Pelvic Tilt to Erector Spinae and Rectus Abdominis Muscle Activities during the Forward Trunk Inclination while Sitting Kazuo MARUTA, Atsuko EGUCHI and Susumu WATANABE (Accepted Dec. 10, 2005) Key words : pelvic tilt, sitting, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, forward trunk inclination Abstract The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of pelvic tilt on erector spinae (ES) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscle activities during the motion of forward trunk inclination (FTI) while sitting. Eleven healthy male subjects (aged 20 to 21 years, mean age 20.5 ± 0.5 years old) participated in this study. Three pelvic tilt positions, forward, middle, and backward were selected. Each subject maximally inclined forward the trunk until both hands reach the floor from the erect position, and returned to the initial position. We compared the motion of FTI under three pelvic tilt positions. The angles of FTI and pelvic tilt, and the activities of ES and RA were measured continuously using an electromyogram (EMG) with a motion picture synchronized analysis system. The EMG raw data were rectified, and the integrated EMG was normalized relative to values obtained during maximum voluntary contractions (%MVC). The data of Maximum FTI were used for an analysis. The results showed that the value of the angle of pelvic tilt significantly increased the following tilt position orders; forward, middle and backward. The value of the %MVC of ES significantly decreased by tilt position in the order forward, middle, and backward. No significant difference among all groups was observed in the %MVC of RA. Since these results were brought about by the influence of flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP), it seems to be important to keep the middle pelvic tilt position, which makes the lumbar spine flat, in activities of daily living (ADL) in order to decrease the stress on the bone and joint system of the lumbar spine. Correspondence to : Kazuo MARUTA Malta Research Institute, Rehabilitation Science and Healthy Longevity Kanazawa, , Japan malta@po.incl.ne.jp (Kawasaki Medical Welfare Journal Vol.15, No.2, )

360 17;18) ± Λ Body Mass Index(kg/m 2 ) 2 NEC MT11 3.5cm 3 1,000Hz MMT Manual Muscle Test MVC: Maximal Voluntary Contraction 5 30 ffi

360 17;18) ± Λ Body Mass Index(kg/m 2 ) 2 NEC MT11 3.5cm 3 1,000Hz MMT Manual Muscle Test MVC: Maximal Voluntary Contraction 5 30 ffi Vol. 14 No. 2 2005 359 365 Λ1 Λ2 19ο271020.4±2.4 30 ffi 60 ffi 90 ffi 2 MVC: Maximal Voluntary Contraction %MVC 30 ffi %MVC 90 ffi 60 ffi %MVC 1 5) 6) 4;7 10) 11) 9) 7) kinetics 7;12;13) 14 16) kinematics