LEVEL 3 CERTIFICATE IN HYDROTHERAPY FOR SMALL ANIMALS QUALIFICATION GUIDANCE

Transcription

1 LEVEL 3 CERTIFICATE IN HYDROTHERAPY FOR SMALL ANIMALS QUALIFICATION GUIDANCE [ ] C Issue Aug 12

2 About ABC Awards ABC Awards (ABC) is one of the largest vocational awarding bodies in the United Kingdom with an established reputation for quality and customer service. ABC is recognised by the regulatory authorities. ABC is a Component Awarding Body (CAB) for Diplomas The ABC portfolio of qualifications includes National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) and Vocationally Related Qualifications (VRQs) ABC s VRQs may also be Technical Certificates Additional and/or Specialist Learning for the Diplomas Included within Foundation Learning ABC s national operation is supported through its regional offices which provide support to centres and a full range of assessment services. ABC has a team of dedicated staff who can offer advice and guidance on the full Portfolio, Examination and Moderation services including e-assessment offered by ABC, as well as the full range of ABC training events and conferences. The team is committed to helping you in the way that suits your requirements and is available to visit you at your convenience ABC encourages centres to use its on-line registration service. Registration facilities are available through our web site Sources of Additional Information The ABC web site provides access to a wide variety of information Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers Information in this publication is correct at time of going to press but may be subject to change. Any amendments will be published on our web site and centres are encouraged to check this site regularly

3 Contents Qualification Summary 1 Introduction 4 Aims 4 Target Group 4 Progression Opportunities 4 Unit Details 5 Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), Exemption and Credit Transfer 58 Certification 58

4 Qualification Summary ABC Awards Level 3 Certificate in Hydrotherapy for Small Animals Qualification Level 3 Certificate in Hydrotherapy for Small Animals Assessment Internal assessment, internal and external moderation Grading Pass Operational Start Date 01/09/2012 Review Date 31/08/2015 ABC Sector Landbased / Environmental Ofqual SSA Sector 3.3 Animal Care and Veterinary Science Support from sector bodies Lantra, the SSC for the Landbased Sector ABC Administering Office See ABC web site 1

5 Level 3 Certificate in Hydrotherapy for Small Animals Rules of Combination: Learners must achieve a minimum of 29 credits from the 10 mandatory units. Unit Level Credit Value GLH Page No. Mandatory Units Introduction to hydrotherapy for small animals [T/504/1180] Management of medical conditions in hydrotherapy for small animals [A/504/1181] Management of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions in hydrotherapy for small animals [J/504/1183] Small animal first aid for hydrotherapists [L/504/1184] Administering hydrotherapy treatment to small animals [R/504/1185] Assessing and checking an animal s suitability for hydrotherapy treatment [Y/504/1186] Anatomy and physiology for small animal hydrotherapy [D/504/1187] Water management for small animal hydrotherapy [K/504/1189] Professional practice and Multi Disciplinary Team working for hydrotherapists [D/504/1190] The principles of small animal hydrotherapy [H/504/1191] Numbers in box brackets indicate QCF unit Number If learners achieve credits from units of the same title (or linked titles) at more than one level, they cannot count credits achieved from both units towards the credit target of a qualification Qualification Purpose E Updating and continuing professional competence This is for learners who already have experience of working with small animals in an employed or voluntary capacity in roles such as animal care assistant or veterinary nurse and who wish to build on their existing knowledge and skills to understand the Entry Requirements benefits that hydrotherapy can have for small animals with a number of conditions, and learn how to administer hydrotherapy to them. Centres are required to recruit with integrity on the basis of a learner s ability to contribute to and successfully complete all the requirements of a unit/s or the full qualification. Section 96/97 Pre LARA Aim Reference Recommended GLH 191 Points Score See ABC web site / Qualifications Directory Contribution to Threshold See ABC Qualifications Directory ASL Option N/A Foundation Learning N/A Type of Funding Available See LARA (Learning Aims Reference Application) Minimum Qualification Fee See ABC web site for current fees and charges 2

6 Unit Fee Additional Information Unit fees are based upon a unit s individual credit value. Please see the ABC web site for the current fee charged per credit Please see ABC web site for qualifications that are eligible for Credit Transfer/RPL/Exemption This could also include information about Technical Certificates/Apprenticeships 3

7 Introduction This revised qualification is designed for learners who already have experience of working with small animals in an employed or voluntary capacity in roles such as animal care assistant or veterinary nurse and who wish to build on their existing knowledge and skills to understand the benefits that hydrotherapy can have for small animals with a number of conditions, and learn how to administer hydrotherapy to them. Aims This revised qualification aims to provide an extended core of knowledge and skills at Level 3 to enable those successfully achieving the qualification to safely work in hydrotherapy. It is a rigorous qualification with a blend of knowledge and theory. Target Group This qualification is designed for those learners who are aged 19+. This is considered to be an appropriate age as the qualification is designed for learners who already have experience of working with small animals in an employed or voluntary capacity. ABC expects approved centres to recruit with integrity on the basis of a learner s ability to contribute to and successfully complete all the requirements of a unit(s) or the full qualification. Progression Opportunities Learners who successfully complete the Level 3 Certificate will be able to continue in further education and training related to this area of expertise. Centres should be aware that Reasonable Adjustments which may be permitted for assessment may in some instances limit a learner s progression into the sector. Centres must, therefore, inform learners of any limits their learning difficulty may impose on future progression. 4

8 Unit Details Unit Title T/504/1180 Introduction to hydrotherapy for small animals Level 3 Credit Value 4 Guided Learning Hours 25 Unit Summary Learning Outcomes (1 to 6) The learner will This unit provides learners with an introduction to small animal hydrotherapy. The unit is not intended to provide learners with the level of skill and competence required to administer hydrotherapy treatments and learners should not engage in any manipulation techniques unless qualified to do so. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and personal limitations. Assessment Criteria (1.1 to 6.2) The learner can 1. Understand what is meant by hydrotherapy 1.1 Define hydrotherapy 1.2 Explain how the key properties of water interact with a patient 1.3 Explain the intended effects of hydrotherapy treatments 2. Know about the different types of hydrotherapy equipment 2.1 Identify the main facilities and equipment used in hydrotherapy treatment 2.2 Compare and contrast the effects of different types of hydrotherapy equipment on the patient 2.3 Summarise the purpose of this equipment as part of a hydrotherapy session 3. Understand conditions which are suitable for hydrotherapy treatment 3.1 Identify six conditions that are commonly referred for hydrotherapy treatment 3.2 Explain the difference between a precaution and a contraindication 3.3 Identify three precautions to hydrotherapy treatment 3.4 Identify three contra-indications to hydrotherapy treatment 5

9 3.5 Assess the risk presented by proceeding with hydrotherapy treatment when there is a specific contra-indication present 4. Understand the referral process 4.1 Explain what is meant by referral 4.2 Identify key current UK legislation applicable to the referral process 4.3 Explain the implications for the hydrotherapist of the current UK legislative framework 5. Understand the professional duties of a hydrotherapist 5.1 Explain the hydrotherapist s duty of care to the patient 5.2 Explain what is meant by working ethically and professionally as a hydrotherapist. 5.3 Explain the role of the hydrotherapist within the multidisciplinary team (MDT) 6. Understand Health and Safety responsibilities as a hydrotherapist 6.1 Explain how current UK health and safety legislation and regulation impacts upon the activities of the hydrotherapy practice and practitioners 6.2 Demonstrate how to undertake a risk assessment within a hydrotherapy setting 6

10 SUPPORTING UNIT INFORMATION T/504/1180 Introduction to hydrotherapy for small animals Level 3 INDICATIVE CONTENT Learning Outcome 1. Understand what is meant by hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy = Any healing in water, controlled exercise in water, non weight bearing or controlled weight bearing, low impact, to have therapeutic benefits the water must be maintained between degrees C, sanitised. Properties of water to include: specific gravity (for understanding of, and comparing, of effects on patients with higher vs. lower specific gravity. E.g. obese versus well muscled), resistance, viscosity, cohesion, turbulence, hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy, how each interacts with the patient during hydrotherapy. Intended effects of hydrotherapy treatment to include: circulatory benefits, improved cardio-vascular fitness, relief from pain, reduction of swelling and stiffness, increased mental stimulation, muscle strength and range of motion, joint mobilisation and improved gait pattern, prevention of secondary complications, improved quality of life. Learning Outcome 2. Know about the different types of hydrotherapy equipment Learners need to be made aware of up to date facilities and equipment available within the industry. Facilities to include hydrotherapy pool, hydrotherapy treadmill, spa bath, hoist, showering and drying facilities. Equipment to include assessment equipment, e.g. tape measure, goniometer, stethoscope, weighing scales; life jackets, harnesses, floatation devices e.g. physio balls, moon collars, therabands, aqua noodles; stretcher, reliable and accurate water testing equipment and the necessary chemicals to treat the water, PPE, wetsuit and personal water proofing clothing. Learners must compare and contrast at least 2 types of hydrotherapy equipment and their effects on the patient. To include: Hydrotherapy pool low impact, buoyancy to aid support, circulatory benefits, improved cardio-vascular fitness, relief from pain, reduction of swelling and stiffness, mental stimulation, muscle bulk, tone and strength, range of motion, joint mobilisation, suitable for conditions where there are serious mobility issues, application of additional floatation can be provided easily. Hydrotherapy treadmill circulatory benefits dependent upon water fill level, targets specific muscle groups and joints dependent upon water fill level, improved gait pattern, improved cardio-vascular fitness, relief from pain, reduction of swelling and stiffness dependent upon water fill level, muscle bulk, tone and strength, range of motion, joint mobilisation. Spa bath pain relief, relaxation of muscle spasm, possible circulatory benefits but cautions apply. 7

11 Learning Outcome 3. Understand conditions which are suitable for hydrotherapy treatment Learners must identify 6 conditions which can include: Musculo-skeletal e.g. hip and elbow dysplasia, cruciate ligament disorders, patella luxation, osteo-arthritis; Neurological e.g. CDRM/DM, paralysis, paresis, ataxia, spinal conditions and surgeries; Soft tissue injury (STI) e.g. strains, sprains, tendon, ligament and muscle damage. Learners to clearly state the difference between a precaution = an awareness that the animal may need extra care or observation or may not be suitable or benefit from a session of hydrotherapy a contraindication = an awareness that the animal is not a suitable candidate for hydrotherapy treatment. Precautions can include: bitch in season, prescribed medication, time of session in regards to medication, other conditions such as renal failure, diabetes, heart complaints, epilepsy, Cushing s or Addison s disease, certain spinal conditions, brachycephalic patients, certain chemotherapy agents. Contra-indications can include: vomiting, diarrhoea, indwelling catheters, external skeletal fixator, open wounds, certain spinal conditions, certain chemotherapy agents. Risk assessment of the contra-indications listed and the consequences of proceeding with the hydrotherapy treatment. Refer to 3.4 for examples of contra-indications. Learning Outcome 4. Understand the referral process All patients must be referred by a veterinary surgeon(s). The hydrotherapy centre must receive a standard permission form or letter signed by the patient's veterinary surgeon giving permission and stating that the animal is suitable for hydrotherapy treatment. Where possible a copy of the patient s clinical history and copies of any referral letters to the primary care veterinary surgeon should also be obtained. The referral process is a legal and ethical requirement and applies to all patients receiving hydrotherapy treatment. Refer to 4.2 and 4.3. Current relevant legislation to include: Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966, RCVS Guide to Professional Conduct, Animal Welfare Act 2006 and Hydrotherapy Industry Associations Codes of Conduct give hydrotherapists a guide as to what legislation they are covered under. It is important that the most current legislation is covered. Hydrotherapists are required to act within the law and failure to obtain a veterinary referral or permission to treat may leave them liable to prosecution and/or loss of registration or membership of their relevant Hydrotherapy Association. Learning Outcome 5. Understand the professional duties of a hydrotherapist A duty of care is in tort law and is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts (in this hydrotherapy treatment) that could foreseeably harm others. Learners must be aware of their limitations and when they may become liable or negligent in their behaviour or acts they perform. Duty of care to a patient would also include ensuring that all health and safety requirements are met along with adequately risk assessing and minimising risks. Refer to 6.1 and

12 Hydrotherapists have a responsibility and duty of care towards the patient(s) and owner(s) both ethically and legally. They must work within their limitations as part of a larger MDT. Patient care and welfare should always be the most important consideration. Codes of Conduct are available from Hydrotherapy Associations. Refer to 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 5.1. Explain what a MDT is and who would be a part of it. A hydrotherapist s role is to provide hydrotherapy treatment only, to patients working within their legal and professional limitations. Consultation and effective communication within the MDT is essential as part of the role of a hydrotherapist, e.g. veterinary referral, veterinary feedback, discussion and seek advice when appropriate. Learning Outcome 6. Understand Health and Safety responsibilities as a hydrotherapist Legislation that impacts hydrotherapists to include current, relevant legislation. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, Emergency procedures, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) 2002, The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR)1995, The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992, Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011 and Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (includes safety testing of electrical appliances), Environmental Protection legislation. Completion of a risk assessment within a hydrotherapy setting, this is a practical activity. Risks identified could include for e.g. slippery surfaces, chemical reactions, electrical faults, multiple patient swimming, injury caused to hydrotherapist by patients such as bites, blows and scratches, unsupervised children, aggressive clients. Learners should be aware of how to minimise risks - e.g. following emergency protocols, wet floor signs, adequate storage and handling of chemicals, one patient within the hydrotherapy pool or aquatic treadmill at any one time, safe control of patients within the hydrotherapy pool or hydrotherapy treadmill, children to be supervised, client participation to normally be exclusive to poolside. Clients should be limited to the surrounding area of the hydrotherapy treadmill or pool and should not be involved in opening or closing doors or operation of equipment. Consideration should be given to limiting the risk of client injury or surrounding area of treadmill so that client injury is limited and risk of liability to the hydrotherapy centre is reduced. Some centres will operate a policy of one patient within the hydrotherapy pool or aquatic treadmill at any one time to minimise risk and the impact that may occur on the internal body responses occurring from increased adrenaline in the potentially very sick patients being treated if more than one patient is treated at any one time. Other centres will allow more than one patient in hydrotherapy pool only if the facility is large enough to accommodate this safely with no detrimental effect on other patient's treatment or behaviour, with each patient under the control of a minimum of one hydrotherapist (or more hydrotherapists if required) within a hydrotherapy pool or aquatic treadmill. The nature of the patient s needs must be paramount and if there is any doubt, one patient within the hydrotherapy pool or aquatic treadmill at any one time should be the practice and many centres will adopt this as a matter of course. Regarding client participation: Consideration should always be given to limiting the risk of client injury in surrounding area of treadmill and pool so that risk of liability to the hydrotherapy centre is reduced. Many centres will restrict client participation exclusively to poolside with client access limited to the surrounding area of the hydrotherapy treadmill or pool. This is to ensure the health and safety of the client who is not qualified or trained in protocols and emergency procedures. It is also important that centres are aware of what is permissible to ensure insurance is valid. 9

13 Clients should not be involved in opening or closing doors or operation of any equipment. All children must be supervised at all times. TEACHING STRATEGIES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES This unit provides learners with an introduction to small animal hydrotherapy. The unit is not intended to provide learners with the level of skill and competence required to administer hydrotherapy treatments and learners should not engage in any manipulation techniques unless qualified to do so. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and personal limitations. There is quite a lot of theory in this unit which can either be taught or learners could be given guided tasks to allow them to conduct their own research. Appropriate support needs to be in place to enable learners to reach an assessable standard in relation to conducting a risk assessment. Centres should adopt a delivery approach which supports the development of their particular learners. The aims and aspirations of all learners, including those with identified special needs, including learning difficulties/disabilities, should be considered and appropriate support mechanisms put in place. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT This unit will be internally assessed, internally and externally moderated via a learner s portfolio and other related evidence, against the unit outcomes and assessment criteria. Minimum requirements when assessing this unit ABC expects that staff will be appropriately qualified to assess learners against the outcomes and criteria within the units. Generally teaching staff should be qualified and/or vocationally experienced to at least a level above that which they are teaching. EVIDENCE OF ACHIEVEMENT All learners must compile a portfolio of evidence that shows achievement of all the relevant learning outcomes and assessment criteria. Evidence is not prescribed but may include any or all of the following* oral / written questions and answers reports / notes worksheets / workbooks recorded evidence (e.g. video or audio) photographic evidence case studies / assignments other suitable supplementary evidence interview / discussion witness evidence in the form of observation reports, etc. 10

14 reflective journals/diaries *The most appropriate evidence for the qualification should be used. This is not an exhaustive list and other evidence is acceptable. Assessors may use any method that is reliable, valid and fit for purpose. All evidence must be clearly signposted to learning outcomes and assessment criteria. ABC has Learner Achievement Checklists available for use, or centres may wish to use their own recording mechanisms to plot achievement against the requirements of the unit. All the evidence and tracking documents must be made available for the external moderator upon request. Assessors must only sign off units once all the requirements of the unit are met. Evidence should be varied, the learner s own work and naturally generated from the activities undertaken on the course. It must clearly demonstrate how the learner has met the assessment criteria for the unit. Photographic evidence, articles, handouts, etc. must be appropriately annotated to clearly demonstrate the learner s role and how it meets the assessment criteria. Witness and observation statements should contain the name and status of the witness/observer and be signed and dated. Group evidence is admissible where the individual learner s role is properly identified or described. Portfolios do not need to be very large and must contain the learners own work, not an abundance of tutor handouts. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION All internal assessments must be accompanied by a signed Declaration of Authenticity (this document is available on the ABC web site). Learner Achievement Checklists are provided on the ABC web site for learners/centres to track learner achievement evidence against Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria. Additional guidance for Delivering and Assessing ABC qualifications and information about Internal Verification are also available on ABC s web site. Some are generally available others are only available to approved centres through the use of a password issued to the centre. 11

15 Unit Title A/504/1181 Management of medical conditions in hydrotherapy for small animals Level 3 Credit Value 2 Guided Learning Hours 10 Unit Summary Learning Outcomes (1 to 3) The learner will 1. Be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of common medical conditions In this unit, learners will explore how medical conditions may impact on hydrotherapy treatment. They will learn how to identify common medical conditions and the considerations for specific conditions. The unit is not intended to provide learners with the level of skill and competence required to diagnose medical conditions. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and personal limitations, seeking veterinary advice as appropriate Assessment Criteria (1.1 to 3.1) The learner can 1.1 Identify a minimum of four common medical conditions experienced by dogs and / or cats 1.2 Describe the key presenting indicators of four specified medical conditions in dogs and/or cats 2. Know how to manage animals with these conditions 2.1 Explain what additional factors the hydrotherapist should consider when managing patients for four specified medical conditions 2.2 Explain how to administer, monitor and adapt a hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat with four specified medical conditions 2.3 Explain the importance of devising case specific hydrotherapy programmes for patients 3. Know the importance of medical conditions of patients for the hydrotherapist 3.1 Explain why understanding medical conditions in patients is important when working as a hydrotherapist 12

16 SUPPORTING UNIT INFORMATION A/504/1181 Management of medical conditions in hydrotherapy for small animals Level 3 INDICATIVE CONTENT Learning Outcome 1. Be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of common medical conditions Learners need to identify at least 4 common medical conditions experienced by dogs and / or cats. These could include: epilepsy, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitis, vestibular syndrome, hyperadrenocortism (Cushing s disease), hypoadrenocortism (Addison s disease), immune-mediated conditions and cardiac disease. Deliverers may wish to introduce learners to more than four Learners need to describe the key presenting signs/symptoms of at least four of these conditions in dogs and/or cats Learning Outcome 2. Know how to manage animals with these conditions Additional factors the hydrotherapist should consider when managing patients for four specified medical conditions described in LO 1could include: type of condition, acute, chronic or degenerative in its nature, stage of the condition, general condition of the patient, medications prescribed, exercise patterns, circulatory or cardiovascular condition and compromised immunity and body response. Learners need to know about administering, monitoring and adapting a hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat with four specified medical conditions described in LO 1 They should recognise how their approach and management of the patient and its condition would need to be an individually devised programme. Importance of devising case specific hydrotherapy programmes for patients = essential particularly when there are additional medical conditions to take into account. Learners could use specified examples of medical conditions or case studies. Learning Outcome 3. Know the importance of medical conditions of patients for the hydrotherapist Hydrotherapy programmes must be planned and implemented according to the patient s individual needs and the desired outcomes. Without an understanding of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions designing an effective plan would not be possible. An awareness of what makes a hydrotherapy programme cater for individual needs. TEACHING STRATEGIES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES In this unit, learners will explore how medical conditions may impact on hydrotherapy treatment. They will learn how to identify common medical conditions and the considerations for specific conditions. The unit is predominantly a theory unit. It may be possible to relate some delivery to case studies. 13

17 The unit is not intended to provide learners with the level of skill and competence required to diagnose medical conditions. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and personal limitations, seeking veterinary advice as appropriate. Centres should adopt a delivery approach which supports the development of their particular learners. The aims and aspirations of all learners, including those with identified special needs, including learning difficulties/disabilities, should be considered and appropriate support mechanisms put in place. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT This unit will be internally assessed, internally and externally moderated via a learner s portfolio and other related evidence, against the unit outcomes and assessment criteria. Minimum requirements when assessing this unit ABC expects that staff will be appropriately qualified to assess learners against the outcomes and criteria within the units. Generally teaching staff should be qualified and/or vocationally experienced to at least a level above that which they are teaching. EVIDENCE OF ACHIEVEMENT All learners must compile a portfolio of evidence that shows achievement of all the relevant learning outcomes and assessment criteria. Evidence is not prescribed but may include any or all of the following* oral / written questions and answers reports / notes worksheets / workbooks recorded evidence (e.g. video or audio) photographic evidence case studies / assignments other suitable supplementary evidence interview / discussion witness evidence in the form of observation reports, etc. reflective journals/diaries *The most appropriate evidence for the qualification should be used. This is not an exhaustive list and other evidence is acceptable. Assessors may use any method that is reliable, valid and fit for purpose. All evidence must be clearly signposted to learning outcomes and assessment criteria. ABC has Learner Achievement Checklists available for use, or centres may wish to use their own recording mechanisms to plot achievement against the requirements of the unit. All the evidence and tracking documents must be made available for the external moderator upon request. Assessors must only sign off units once all the requirements of the unit are met. 14

18 Evidence should be varied, the learner s own work and naturally generated from the activities undertaken on the course. It must clearly demonstrate how the learner has met the assessment criteria for the unit. Photographic evidence, articles, handouts, etc. must be appropriately annotated to clearly demonstrate the learner s role and how it meets the assessment criteria. Witness and observation statements should contain the name and status of the witness/observer and be signed and dated. Group evidence is admissible where the individual learner s role is properly identified or described. Portfolios do not need to be very large and must contain the learners own work, not an abundance of tutor handouts. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION All internal assessments must be accompanied by a signed Declaration of Authenticity (this document is available on the ABC web site). Learner Achievement Checklists are provided on the ABC web site for learners/centres to track learner achievement evidence against Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria. Additional guidance for Delivering and Assessing ABC qualifications and information about Internal Verification are also available on ABC s web site. Some are generally available others are only available to approved centres through the use of a password issued to the centre. 15

19 Unit Title J/504/1183 Management of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions in hydrotherapy for small animals Level 3 Credit Value 3 Guided Learning Hours 18 Unit Summary Learning Outcomes (1 to 5) The learner will 1. Be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of common orthopaedic conditions In this unit, learners will explore how hydrotherapy can help the treatment of a variety of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions that will be referred for hydrotherapy treatment. They will learn how to identify common orthopaedic and neurological conditions and the correct procedures to administer hydrotherapy for specific conditions. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and personal limitations, seeking veterinary advice as appropriate. Assessment Criteria (1.1 to 5.1) The learner can 1.1 Identify a minimum of four common orthopaedic conditions experienced by dogs and / or cats 1.2 Describe the key presenting indicators of four specified orthopaedic conditions in dogs and/or cats 2. Be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of common neurological conditions 2.1 Identify a minimum of four common neurological conditions experienced by dogs and / or cats 2.2 Describe the key presenting indicators of four specified neurological conditions in dogs and/or cats 3. Know how to manage animals with common orthopaedic conditions 3.1 Explain what factors the hydrotherapist should consider when managing patients for two specified common orthopaedic conditions 3.2 Explain how to administer, monitor and adapt a hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat with two specified common orthopaedic conditions 16

20 4. Know how to manage animals with common neurological conditions 4.1 Explain what additional factors the hydrotherapist should consider when managing patients for two specified common neurological conditions 4.2 Explain how to administer, monitor and adapt a hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat with two specified common neurological conditions 5. Know the importance of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions of patients for the hydrotherapist 5.1 Explain why understanding common orthopaedic and neurological conditions in patients is important when devising a hydrotherapy programme 17

21 SUPPORTING UNIT INFORMATION J/504/1183 Management of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions in hydrotherapy for small animals Level 3 INDICATIVE CONTENT Learning Outcome 1. Be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of common orthopaedic conditions Orthopaedic conditions could include four of the following: osteoarthritis, hip and elbow dysplasia, luxating patella, cruciate ligament disorders, fractures, Legg Calve Perthes disease, panosteitis. Refer to 1.1 for common orthopaedic conditions and describe the key presenting signs/symptoms of at least four. Learning Outcome 2. Be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of common neurological conditions Neurological conditions could include four of the following: chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy (CDRM), intervertebral disc disease, spondylosis, cervical malformation syndrome (wobblers syndrome), fibrocartilaginous embolism. Refer to 2.1 for common neurological conditions and describe the key presenting signs/symptoms of at least four. Learning Outcome 3. Know how to manage animals with common orthopaedic conditions Use two of the conditions described in 1.1. Factors the hydrotherapist should consider when managing patients could include: type of condition and type of surgery performed if applicable, acute, chronic or degenerative in its nature, stage of the condition, general condition of the patient, medications prescribed, exercise patterns, assessment of pain, mobility, weight bearing. Learners need know how to administer, monitor and adapt a hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat with two specified common orthopaedic conditions Use two of the conditions described in 1.1 and recognise how their approach and management of the patient and its condition would need to be an individually devised programme. Learning Outcome 4. Know how to manage animals with common neurological conditions Learners need to know what additional factors the hydrotherapist should consider when managing patients for two specified common neurological conditions Use two of the conditions described in 2.1. Factors could include: type of condition and type of surgery performed if applicable, acute, chronic or degenerative in its nature, stage of the condition, general condition/demeanour of the patient, medications prescribed, exercise patterns, mobility/recumbency, weight bearing, continence, reflex assessment. 18

22 Learners need to know how to administer, monitor and adapt a hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat with two specified common neurological conditions Use two of the conditions described in 2.1 and recognise how their approach and management of the patient and its condition would need to be an individually devised programme. Learning Outcome 5. Know the importance of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions of patients for the hydrotherapist An awareness that hydrotherapy programmes must be planned and implemented according to the patient s individual needs and the desired outcomes. Without an understanding of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions designing an effective plan would not be possible. They must also be aware of what makes a hydrotherapy programme cater for individual needs. TEACHING STRATEGIES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES In this unit, learners will explore how hydrotherapy can help the treatment of a variety of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions that will be referred for hydrotherapy treatment. They will learn how to identify common orthopaedic and neurological conditions and the correct procedures to administer hydrotherapy for specific conditions. There is quite a lot of theory in this unit which can either be taught or learners could be given guided tasks to allow them to conduct their own research. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and personal limitations, seeking veterinary advice as appropriate. Centres should adopt a delivery approach which supports the development of their particular learners. The aims and aspirations of all learners, including those with identified special needs, including learning difficulties/disabilities, should be considered and appropriate support mechanisms put in place. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT This unit will be internally assessed, internally and externally moderated via a learner s portfolio and other related evidence, against the unit outcomes and assessment criteria. Minimum requirements when assessing this unit ABC expects that staff will be appropriately qualified to assess learners against the outcomes and criteria within the units. Generally teaching staff should be qualified and/or vocationally experienced to at least a level above that which they are teaching. EVIDENCE OF ACHIEVEMENT All learners must compile a portfolio of evidence that shows achievement of all the relevant learning outcomes and assessment criteria. Evidence is not prescribed but may include any or all of the following* oral / written questions and answers 19

23 reports / notes worksheets / workbooks recorded evidence (e.g. video or audio) photographic evidence case studies / assignments other suitable supplementary evidence interview / discussion witness evidence in the form of observation reports, etc. reflective journals/diaries *The most appropriate evidence for the qualification should be used. This is not an exhaustive list and other evidence is acceptable. Assessors may use any method that is reliable, valid and fit for purpose. All evidence must be clearly signposted to learning outcomes and assessment criteria. ABC has Learner Achievement Checklists available for use, or centres may wish to use their own recording mechanisms to plot achievement against the requirements of the unit. All the evidence and tracking documents must be made available for the external moderator upon request. Assessors must only sign off units once all the requirements of the unit are met. Evidence should be varied, the learner s own work and naturally generated from the activities undertaken on the course. It must clearly demonstrate how the learner has met the assessment criteria for the unit. Photographic evidence, articles, handouts, etc. must be appropriately annotated to clearly demonstrate the learner s role and how it meets the assessment criteria. Witness and observation statements should contain the name and status of the witness/observer and be signed and dated. Group evidence is admissible where the individual learner s role is properly identified or described. Portfolios do not need to be very large and must contain the learners own work, not an abundance of tutor handouts. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION All internal assessments must be accompanied by a signed Declaration of Authenticity (this document is available on the ABC web site). Learner Achievement Checklists are provided on the ABC web site for learners/centres to track learner achievement evidence against Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria. Additional guidance for Delivering and Assessing ABC qualifications and information about Internal Verification are also available on ABC s web site. Some are generally available others are only available to approved centres through the use of a password issued to the centre. 20

24 Unit Title L/504/1184 Small animal first aid for hydrotherapists Level 3 Credit Value 3 Guided Learning Hours 18 Unit Summary Learning Outcomes (1 to 4) The learner will 1. Know key principles of small animal first aid In this unit, learners will learn how to recognise and deal with a variety of emergencies. They will be asked to apply theory in practice and make decisions about the most appropriate treatments for a range of emergencies. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and personal limitations. Assessment Criteria (1.1 to 4.3) The learner can 1.1 Identify the three aims of animal first aid 1.2 Identify the four rules of animal first aid 1.3 Explain the current legal and ethical restrictions and limitations that would affect the response of the hydrotherapist in an animal emergency 2. Be able to categorise small animal emergencies 2.1 Identify two life threatening animal emergencies describing the key presenting indicators 2.2 Identify two animal emergencies requiring immediate action describing the key presenting indicators 2.3 Identify two minor animal emergencies describing the key presenting indicators 3. Know how to recognise and manage small animal emergency situations 3.1 Describe how to discriminate between death, unconsciousness and collapse 3.2 Describe the signs, symptoms and management of a small animal suffering from shock 3.3 Describe the signs, symptoms and management of the three types of haemorrhage 3.4 Describe the signs, symptoms and management of a choking patient 21

25 3.5 Describe the signs, symptoms and management of snake bites and insect stings in small animals 3.6 Describe the signs, symptoms and management of a patient experiencing a seizure 3.7 Describe the signs, symptoms and management of four other potential animal emergencies that may present during hydrotherapy treatment 4. Be able to apply first aid in small animal emergency situations 4.1 Justify and demonstrate the animal resuscitation procedure appropriate for a specified emergency situation 4.2 Select and demonstrate bandaging techniques appropriate for a specified emergency situation 4.3 Demonstrate how to manage one other potential animal emergency that may present during hydrotherapy treatment 22

26 SUPPORTING UNIT INFORMATION L/504/1184 Small animal first aid for hydrotherapists Level 3 INDICATIVE CONTENT Learning Outcome 1. Know key principles of small animal first aid Aims of animal first aid to include: To preserve life To prevent suffering To prevent the situation deteriorating Rules of animal first aid to include: Don t panic Maintain airway Control any haemorrhage Contact the veterinary surgeon asap Consider current legal and ethical restrictions and limitations that would affect the response of the hydrotherapist in an animal emergency e.g. Animal Welfare Act 2006 and Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 give guidelines for how a lay person should respond in an emergency situation. It is essential that hydrotherapists are aware of their legal limitations and liability but also their ethical obligations towards patient welfare. Learning Outcome 2. Be able to categorise small animal emergencies Learners must be able to identify the indicators/signs of at least 2 life threatening emergencies. Life threatening emergencies to be defined as any emergency requiring immediate attention/action in order to save life. Could include collapse with dyspnoea, severe haemorrhage from a major blood vessel, anaphylactic shock. Learners must be able to identify the indicators/signs of at least 2 immediate action emergencies. Immediate action emergencies to be defined as any emergency requiring immediate action at a veterinary surgery by a veterinary professional but where life is not immediately threatened. A lay person would be limited in their treatment to these patients. Could include unconsciousness, fractures, conscious collapse. Learners must be able to identify the indicators/signs of at least 2 minor emergencies. Minor emergencies to be defined as any emergency where a lay person applying basic treatment can alleviate the condition until veterinary advice can be sought. Could include insect stings where mild localised reaction is present, minor haemorrhage such as a cut pad or broken nail, aural haematomas, 23

27 Learning Outcome 3. Know how to recognise and manage small animal emergency situations Assessment of symptoms, monitor and measure vital signs and reflexes and categorise whether an animal is collapsed, unconscious or dead. Learners must be able to recognise the signs of the 3 types of collapse. Learners should also recognise the signs of impending or actual cardiac arrest (refer to 4.1). Note that a veterinary surgeon is the only professional able to confirm death of an animal. Ability to recognise the signs and symptoms of the 3 main types of shock. Management should include: nil by mouth, passive warming techniques and close monitoring of ABC and vital signs. Transport to a veterinary surgery as soon as possible. Include arterial haemorrhage, venous haemorrhage and capillary haemorrhage. Methods of temporary management and arrest of haemorrhage to include direct digital pressure, pad/pressure bandage (refer to 4.2) and use of a tourniquet. Tourniquets should be applied and used with caution and as a last resort to arrest haemorrhage from a limb. Learners should be able to recognise BOAS (Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome) and tracheal collapse although management is completed by a veterinary surgeon. Choking can lead to asphyxia and learners need to be aware of how to manage and maintain an open airway (refer to 4.1). Identify the signs and symptoms of bites and stings to include adder bites, bee stings and wasp stings. Management in the form of rest/reduce movement for an adder bite and cold compress for insect stings. Describe the signs and symptoms of the pre-ictal, ictal and post ictal phases. Management to include safely monitoring patient and vital signs, making the area as safe as possible, reducing all environmental stimuli. Learners must recognise when the seizure has developed into status epilepticus. Describe the signs, symptoms and management of 4 other emergencies e.g. gastric dilatation volvulus or torsion (bloat), drowning, acute lameness, electrocution, proptosis of the eyeball, fractures, hyperthermia (heatstroke), burns, scalds, aural haematoma. Learning Outcome 4. Be able to apply first aid in small animal emergency situations Recognise the necessity for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Learners must practically demonstrate checking and maintaining an open airway, cardiac massage and artificial respiration in a specified situation. This needs to be given by the provider. Demonstration of at least 2 bandaging techniques e.g. ear, limb, tail, abdomen, thorax. Learners must identify, select and apply primary, intermediate and tertiary layers. Learners need to demonstrate how to manage one other potential animal emergency that may present during hydrotherapy treatment. This could be taken from those listed in 3.7. TEACHING STRATEGIES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES In this unit, learners will learn how to recognise and deal with a variety of emergencies. They will be asked to apply theory in practice and make decisions about the most appropriate treatments for a range of emergencies. 24

28 Learners will need to understand the underpinning knowledge which underpins the practical elements of this unit. Learners are required to perform a number of practical tasks and it is important that they are given opportunities to practise tasks prior to them being assessed. They must be appropriately supervised at all times It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and personal limitations. Centres should adopt a delivery approach which supports the development of their particular learners. The aims and aspirations of all learners, including those with identified special needs, including learning difficulties/disabilities, should be considered and appropriate support mechanisms put in place. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT This unit will be internally assessed, internally and externally moderated via a learner s portfolio and other related evidence, against the unit outcomes and assessment criteria. Minimum requirements when assessing this unit ABC expects that staff will be appropriately qualified to assess learners against the outcomes and criteria within the units. Generally teaching staff should be qualified and/or vocationally experienced to at least a level above that which they are teaching. EVIDENCE OF ACHIEVEMENT All learners must compile a portfolio of evidence that shows achievement of all the relevant learning outcomes and assessment criteria. Evidence is not prescribed but may include any or all of the following* oral / written questions and answers reports / notes worksheets / workbooks recorded evidence (e.g. video or audio) photographic evidence case studies / assignments other suitable supplementary evidence interview / discussion witness evidence in the form of observation reports, etc. reflective journals/diaries *The most appropriate evidence for the qualification should be used. This is not an exhaustive list and other evidence is acceptable. Assessors may use any method that is reliable, valid and fit for purpose. 25