Mental Health 101 Dr. Stan Kutcher

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1 Mental Health 101 Dr. Stan Kutcher

2 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO GET A CONVERSATION GOING, EVERYBODY WAS TALKING TOO MUCH

3 Clarity is Essential What words mean matters! The slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. - George Orwell, Politics and the English Language

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5 PATHWAY THROUGH MENTAL HEALTH CARE: MEETING THE NEEDS Media etc. Guide Resource Go-to Training Community/ On-Site Health Care Providers Mental health awareness Mental Health Literacy (MHL) Identification Triage Access Support Effective best evidencebased care

6 Lets Kick at the Can WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH?

7 SEMANTIC CONFUSION Mental illness Mental health condition Mental health Mental health issue Mental health illness Mental health problem Mental and social well-being Mental happiness Mental disorder Mental wholeness Mental health condition Mental wellness illness Mental wellness Mental happiness and well-being Mental well-being Mental health well-being un-wellness

8 This one is clear and jargon free Mental health is a state of successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with people, and the ability to change and cope with adversity. Surgeon General USA (1999)

9 Mental health is The capacity to successfully adapt to life s circumstances. It does not mean happiness nor does it mean not having negative feelings, worries or difficulties. It includes the experience of stress and the use of that experience to help you solve the many and frequent challenges of life. People develop that capacity in the context of human relationships and usual developmental processes. Simply Put: Mental Health is Brain Health

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11 Key Distinction Knowing about something is not the same as knowing something!

12 What is Mental Health Literacy?

13 IMPACT OF HEALTH LITERACY A stronger predictor of an individual s health status than income, employment status, education and racial or ethnic group. - WHO; 2013

14 Mental Health Literacy: the foundation Understand how to obtain and maintain good mental health Understand and identify mental disorders and their treatments Decrease stigma Enhance help-seeking efficacy: know when to go; know where to go; know what to expect when you get there; know how to increase likelihood of best available care (skills and tools) Kutcher and Wei; 2014; Kutcher, Bagnell and Wei; 2015; Kutcher, Wei and Coniglio, 2016.

15 What do these words mean? Mental Disorder/ Illness Mental Health Problem Mental Distress No Distress, Problem or Disorder

16 Clarity is essential: Depression Demoralized, Disengaged, Disenfranchised Unhappy, Disappointed, Disgruntled Depressed Mental Disorder/ Illness Mental Problem Mental Distress

17 Clarity is essential: Anxiety Anxiety Worried, Disquieted, Perturbed, Apprehensive, Concerned, Uneasy Mental Disorder/ Illness Mental Problem Mental Distress

18 Mental Health State & Type of Action No Problem Health Promotion Resilience Mental Distress Help build resilience, avoiding protection from everyday stress Mental Health Problem Enhancing supports, Prevention Mental Disorder/ Illness Prevention? Best in Class Care

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20 Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) Worldwide in 2005*

21 ABSOLUTE DALYS ATTRIBUTED TO MENTAL, NEUROLOGICAL & SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS, BY AGE, 2010

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23 Limited MHL Literacy Less than 50% of adolescents can identify Depression as a mental disorder Less than 25% of adolescents can identify an Anxiety Disorder as a mental disorder The average MHL score in Canadian teachers was 30% - no provincial differences Melas (2013); Loureiro (2013); Reavley (2011); Furnham (2014); Kutcher (in press).

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25 National Statistics: CIHI; Stats Canada 1) What percent of Canadian youth (ages 12 19) rate their mental health as very good or excellent? 2) What percent of Canadian youth (ages 15 24) rate their mental health as poor? 3) What percent of Canadian youth (ages 12 19) say that they are satisfied or very satisfied with their lives? 4) What percent of Canadians rate their mental health as flourishing? 5) What percent of Canadian teenagers engage in at least 30 minutes of vigorous physical activity at least 3 days per week?

26 National Statistics: CIHI; Stats Canada 1) What percent of Canadian youth (ages 12 19) rate their mental health as very good or excellent? 75% 2) What percent of Canadian youth (ages 15 24) rate their mental health as poor? 8% 3) What percent of Canadian youth (ages 12 19) say that they are satisfied or very satisfied with their lives? 96% 4) What percent of Canadians rate their mental health as flourishing? 76% 5) What percent of Canadian teenagers engage in at least 30 minutes of vigorous physical activity at least 3 days per week? 4%

27 Government of Canada (2017)

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36 Or, maybe one of these

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42 Parallels: Mental Health/Physical Health Daily stress necessary to develop coping competencies in emotional, cognitive and behavioral domains: adaptation stress response Substantial challenges occur that elicit significant difficulties in adaptation but, usual self-care interventions often enough Brain dysfunction or excessive external challenges lead to significant illness and even death Daily exposure to pathogens necessary to build a healthy immune system and get the body ready for larger infectious challenges: adaptation cold Substantial pathogen load temporarily overwhelms immune capacity but usual self-care often enough Immune compromise or excessive pathogen load leads to significant illness and even death

43 A Typology of Stress Positive: relatively brief, leads to adaptation and learning, does include negative emotional, physical, behavioral and cognitive states. DAILY Tolerable: serious impact, temporary, buffered by supportive relationships LIFETIME Toxic: Prolonged;extreme physical/sexual abuse; chronic neglect, violence; caretaker mental illness/substance abuse without adequate adult support (complex outcomes) RARE Harvard Center for the Developing Child:

44 Performance Inverted U-Shaped Relationship Between Arousal and Performance Good Maximum Performance Poor Low (under aroused) Arousal Moderate Arousal (Optimal) Hebb, D. O. (1955). Psychological Review, 62, High (Over aroused)

45 Exposure Curve First time High Second time if removed at point B Second time if taken out of situation Anxiety A B Low Time 4 5

46 THREE THINGS TO DO: THE CURVE

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49 Key MHL Messages from this Evening Clarity of language is a basic component of Mental Health Literacy use the right words: it matters There is a HUGE difference between the normal and expected slings and arrows of outrageous fortune and a mental disorder need to know the difference as what we do is key to that knowledge Stress is not your enemy it can be your friend but you need to learn how to use it to help you adapt and become resilient Positive (or flourishing) mental health does not mean feeling happy all the time this is just plain silly most negative emotions are a sign of good mental health they have a purpose, don t avoid them, use them effectively

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51 YOGI BERA-ism IT AIN T OVER TILL ITS OVER (

52 TeenMentalHealth.org

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