Study relationship between evolutionary leadership style and creativity of stuffs (case study: governmental organization of Khoramdareh city)

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1 International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2015 Available online at ISSN X / Vol, 9 (2): Science Explorer Publications Study relationship between evolutionary leadership style and creativity of stuffs (case study: governmental organization of Khoramdareh city) Yadollah Rajaei 1, Mohammad Jalili 2, Arash Ghaseminia 3, Hadi Azizkhani 4 1. Associate Professor of Economics and faculty of Islamic Azad University (IAU) branch Abhar city 2. Ph.D. of financial management and Faculty of Islamic Azad University (IAU) branch Abhar city 3. Graduated in Business Administration from Islamic Azad University (IAU) branch Abhar city 4. Responsible translator from Persian to English. Graduated in Electronic engineering and manager in Tolou Corresponding Author Azizkhani.ha@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Evolutionary leadership is base and a foundation to long duration changes in organizations that realize achieving to higher goal of organizational regime. Evolutionary leaders prioritize effectiveness rather than performance and try to utilize of human resources based on stuffs' moral and spirit. This research aims to investigate relationship between evolutionary leadership style and creativity of stuffs therefore 6 hypotheses designed; statistical society of research compose of all managers, CEOs, and assistant managers of governmental organizations in Khoramdareh city that include 85 individuals; data gathered by questionnaire with 30 items and finally 70 completed questionnaires used to data analyze; based on normal variable of research, one variable regression used to test hypotheses and Variance test used to ranking components of evolutionary leadership style. Results showed evolutionary leadership style and its components (idealized features, idealized behavior, mental persuasion, inspirational motivation, personal consideration) have positive and significant effects on creativity of stuffs. Results of ranking showed influence of components are as following respectively: 1) personal consideration; 2) inspirational motivation and idealized features; and 3) idealized behavior and mental persuasion. Keywords: evolutionary leadership, Idealized influence, mental persuasion, Inspirational motivation, Personal considerations, Creative Staff INTRODUCTION In current situation that organizations face to global competition, always there is need to fundamental changes and working creativity. Global competition forces organizations to change their fixed working method and organizations that have no stable position to be in competition try to acquire rational stability. Most of this organizations use change management skills and try to make fundamental changes inside organization. In this situation role of evolutionary leadership is significant (Taboli and et al. 2013). Evolutionary leadership is base and foundation for long duration changes that realize achieving higher goal or organizational regime. Evolutionary leaders prefer effectiveness rather than performance and utilize human resource based on stuffs' moral and spirit (Taboli and et al. 2013). Evolutionary leadership can enhance understanding about organizational identity and problems that organization faces to it. Learning in learning organization realizes when stuffs analyze issues, review procedures, find new solutions, and thing about their actions. Evolutionary leaders by use of mental persuasion and providing proper environment, encourage their employees to act based on them (Mazloomi and et al, 2014). Goal of research Investigation relationship between evolutionary leadership style with creativity of stuffs Investigation relationship between idealized features with creativity of stuffs Investigation relationship between idealized behaviors with creativity of stuffs Investigation relationship between mental persuasions with creativity of stuffs Investigation relationship between inspirational motivations with creativity of stuffs Investigation relationship between personal considerations with creativity of stuffs

2 Ranking components of evolutionary leadership style. Hypotheses Based on subject and statistical society the following hypotheses designed: Mean hypothesis Evolutionary leadership has significant effects on creativity of stuffs Sub hypotheses Idealized features has significant effects on creativity of stuffs Idealized behaviors has significant effects on creativity of stuffs Mental persuasion has significant effects on creativity of stuffs Inspirational motivation has significant effects on creativity of stuffs Personal consideration has significant effects on creativity of stuffs. Literature review and definitions Evolutionary Leadership (EL) EL is consciously influence on individuals or groups to make changes and discontinued evolution in current situation and performance of organizations as a whole (Abedi Jafari, 2011). Idealized Influence (II) Absolut respect and loyalty toward leader that transfer idealized felling. Idealized influence causes a leader to be a behavioral pattern for flowers (Abedi Jafari, 2011). Idealized influence includes idealized features and behaviors. Mental Persuasion (MP) Leader motivates stuffs mentally. These leaders encourage their stuffs to solve issues creatively and analyze problems based on different aspects and implement innovative procedure to solve problems (Yaghoobi and et al, 2011). Inspirational Motivation (IM) This type of motivation focuses on internal motives rather than daily interaction between leader and followers (Abedi Jafari, 2011). Leader motive stuffs to believe goal and achieve to it by struggle. These leaders are optimist toward future and achieving to goal (Yaghoobi and et al, 2011). Personal Considerations (PC) Attention to others is one the important aspects of evolutionary leadership and it has positive effects on satisfying, obligation, and struggle of followers and transformative leader has significant attention to needs of each follower as a coach or instructor to achieve success or growth. Transformative leader consider individuals differences and make relationship with each of personnel (Ansri Ranani and Arasto, 2009). Creativity Authors provided different definition of creativity. Herbert Fox define creativity as solving a problem by new thinking process. George Seidel suggests that ability to link subjects regardless of fields is foundation of creative mind. Erich Fromm believes creativity is seeing and answering ability. Then in general perspective creativity is: use of mental ability to provide a new thought or new meaning. Based on mentioned definition emergence of creativity is possible in each activity and important aspect of creativity is thinking (Jalilian and et al, 2011). METHODOLOGY This research is applied based on goal and is descriptive based on subject features, is cross sectional based on duration of data gathering and is survey based on data gathering method. Statistical society Statistical society compose of all managers, CEOs, and assistant of managers in governmental organization of Khoramdareh city that composes of 85 individuals (N=85). Because limited statistical society then volume of statistical sample assumed to be as statistical society (N=n). a questionnaire with 35 items sent to all of statistical society and finally 71 completed questionnaires used to data analyzing (return ration or questionnaires is about 84%). 209

3 Data gathering tool MLQ 1 with 5 factors used to measuring evolutionary leadership style that introduced by Bernard Bes (1985) and then used in different research such as Jolmeh Moli (2005) and Javdani (2012) and creativity measured based on a questionnaire that introduced by Khorami (2012). Finally a questionnaire with 5 general questions (demographic) and 30 special questions used. Each question of special field was based on five point Likert scale. Data analyzing Data analyzed in three steps In section two Kolmogorov Smirnov (K-S) test used to verification normal variables and Durbin Watson (D-W) test used to verification independent errors. In section three one variable regression used to test hypotheses. In section four base on normal component of evolutionary leadership, Variance and Touki test used to ranking. All mentioned test implemented by SPSS 19.0 software. Defaults of regressions. Before use of regression test, its defaults must be validating. Independent errors and normal variables are defaults of this test; D-W test used to verification independent errors and K-S test used to verification normal variables. K-S test Results of this test are as followings: H0: Distributions of variables are normal H1: Distribution of variables aren't normal Table 1. results of K-S test Variable K-S sig EL IF IB MP IM PC Creativity Significance level for evolutionary leadership (EL) and its 5 component and creativity are higher than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) then it can say that all variables are normal. Therefore one variable regression used to test hypotheses and variance test used to ranking components of EL. Error independence test Another default of regression test is error independence and D-W test used to its verification. Table 2. D-W test Hypothesis D-W Index result Main hypothesis Independence error First sub hypothesis Independence error Second sub hypothesis Independence error Third sub hypothesis Independence error Forth sub hypothesis Independence error Fifth sub hypothesis Independence error As seen in table 2 that D-W statistics for all hypotheses places between 1.5 to 2.5 then all errors are independent and second defaults of regression test realized. Hypotheses test By implementation one variable regression for all of 6 hypotheses following results acquired: 1 Multiple Leadership Questioner 210

4 Table 3. summery of regression test results hypothesis Coefficients Variance analyze Regression model results correlation determination F sig Β 1 T sig Mean approved first approved Second approved third approved 4 th approved 5 th approved In the mean hypothesis row, Pearson correlation coefficient is that shows significant relationship between EL with creativity and determination coefficient is that shows 57.4% of total changes in creativity relate to EL. In variance test section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore regression is significant and also F statistics show this. In regression section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore EL has influence on creativity and based on β 1 (=0.748) that is positive value then it can say EL has direct and positive influence on creativity. In the first hypothesis row, Pearson correlation coefficient is that shows significant relationship between IF with creativity and determination coefficient is that shows 26.2% of total changes in creativity relate to IF. In variance test section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore regression is significant and also F statistics show this. In regression section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore IF has influence on creativity and based on β 1 (=0.380) that is positive value then it can say IF has direct and positive influence on creativity. In the Second hypothesis row, Pearson correlation coefficient is that shows significant relationship between IB with creativity and determination coefficient is that shows 27.7% of total changes in creativity relate to IB. In variance test section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore regression is significant and also F statistics show this. In regression section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore IB has influence on creativity and based on β 1 (=0.484) that is positive value then it can say IB has direct and positive influence on creativity. In the Third hypothesis row, Pearson correlation coefficient is that shows significant relationship between MP with creativity and determination coefficient is that shows 32.8% of total changes in creativity relate to MP. In variance test section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore regression is significant and also F statistics show this. In regression section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore MP has influence on creativity and based on β 1 (=0.419) that is positive value then it can say MP has direct and positive influence on creativity. In the 4th hypothesis row, Pearson correlation coefficient is that shows significant relationship between IM with creativity and determination coefficient is that shows 47.6% of total changes in creativity relate to IM. In variance test section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore regression is significant and also F statistics show this. In regression section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore IM has influence on creativity and based on β 1 (=0.459) that is positive value then it can say IM has direct and positive influence on creativity. In the 5 TH hypothesis row, Pearson correlation coefficient is that shows significant relationship between PC with creativity and determination coefficient is that shows 31.7% of total changes in creativity relate to PC. In variance test section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore regression is significant and also F statistics show this. In regression section significance level is and is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore PC has influence on creativity and based on β 1 (=0.419) that is positive value then it can say PC has direct and positive influence on creativity. Ranking components of EL Based on normal variables of research, variance test and Tokay test used to ranking components of EL. In one way variance test primary hypothesis (H0) says there is no differences between variables and secondary hypothesis (H1) says at least there is significance differences between two components of these components. Final results are as following table: Table 4. one way variance analyze to ranking components of EL Sum of squires df Mean of squires F Sig Between groups Within groups Total As seen from table 4, significance level is and it is less than acceptable error rate (α=0.05) therefore primary hypothesis (H0) rejected and H1 approved. In another world there is a significant difference between EL components and ranking components is possible. After f test in ANOVA, differences between at least two components approved. Question is this: witch component is different from others? Variance test 211

5 showed mean of variables aren't equal but it is not said where is differences. This question will be answered by Tokay test and results are as following: Table 5. results of EL components ranking Variable First place Second place Third place PC 4.52 IM 3.92 IF 3.69 IB 2.97 MS 2.87 Sig Significance level for PC variable is 1 and is higher than acceptable error (α=0.05) therefore it places in first place. Significance level for IM and IF variable is and is higher than acceptable error (α=0.05) therefore they are places in second place. Significance level for IB and MS variable is and is higher than acceptable error (α=0.05) therefore it places in third place. Ranking results showed in fig 1. PC (Person considration) IM (Inspirational motivation) IF (idealized features) IB (Idealized behavior) MP (Mental persuasion) Figure 1. ranking EL components As seen in fig 1 ranking EL component is as following: 1) PC (Person consideration); 2) IM (Inspirational motivation) and IF (idealized features); and 3) IB (Idealized behavior) and MP (Mental persuasion) CONCLUSION This research aims to investigate relationship between EL and creativity of stuffs based on 6 hypotheses; statistical society compose of all managers, CEOs, and assistant of mangers in governmental organization of Khormadareh city that includes 85 individuals and a questionnaire with 35 items used to data gathering. Finally 71 completed questionnaire used to data analyzing and one variable regression used to test hypotheses that showed there is significant relationship between EL and its components with creativity of stuffs; results of EL component ranking is as following: 1) PC (Person consideration); 2) IM (Inspirational motivation) and IF (idealized features); and 3) IB (Idealized behavior) and MP (Mental persuasion). Suggestions Based on results of this research it is suggested that to achieve creativity in organizational it is essential to use evolutional leadership style and its component (idealized features, idealized behavior, mental persuasion, inspirational motivation, personal consideration). REFERENCES Ahmad bodla M, Nawaz MM Transformational leadership style and its relationship with satisfaction. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 2(1): Alarifi S the effects of transformational leadership on followers creativity and organizational innovation in public sector. Brunel University west London: brunel business school- doctoral symposium. pp. Atika M, Tripti S Relationship of emotional intelligence with transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. International journal of leadership studies 4(1):

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