Corporate Safety Tata Steel

Transcription

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2 Job stress and safety A Tata Steel Case Study Dr. Sourav Kr. De

3 What is stress?

4 What is stress? Is like electricity or being in love: Every body knows what it is but can t define it. Stress is a negative and unpleasant condition which may be experienced when a person perceives that he is unable to meet the demands and pressures that are placed on him, and which may be associated with a range of ill effects on health, both physiological and psychological.

5 Some facts of stress It is a normal feature of everyday life Most people suffer from it, from time to time Not all stress is bad What one person finds stressful may not affect another Excess of demands over an individual s ability to cope Interaction between physical, social, personal and environmental elements When stress is prolonged or continuous, problems arise

6 Human Performance and stress P e r f o r m a n c e Boredom, Frustration Optimum Performance Effective Alert Burn out Stress Increasing stimulation

7 World scenario 50% of workers in industrialized countries judge their work to be mentally demanding (WHO, 2007) Globally 08% of depression has been attributed to environmental factors, in particular occupational stress ( Pruss-Ustun,Corvalan, 2006 ) Prevalence of stress, depression or anxiety, in the UK, in is million (out of 1.3 million selfreported work related ill health ) [for people working in the last 12 months] ( The Health and Safety Executive Statistics, 2009 /10)

8 Medical aspects of stress

9 The stress reaction From the adrenal medulla Catecholamines Adrenaline Noradrenaline From the adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids Cortisol Corticosterone

10 Effects Dilatation of the pupils Acceleration of the heartbeat and rise in BP Constriction of the blood vessels of the skin Rise in blood glucose and free fatty acids level Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles Rise in body metabolic rate Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action Sweating, dryness of mouth Increase in muscle tension Flight or Fight responses

11 Chronic stress When exposure to stress does not decrease and continues over prolong periods of time, the body does not get enough time to recover. The immune system is impairedand a host of physical and mental disorders can affect the person

12 Long term health risks of chronic stress risk of cardiovascular diseases risk of diabetes risk of musculo-skeletal disorders risk of psychological disorders risk of workplace injury risk of gastro-intestinal disorders risk of reproductive disorders risk of substance abuse

13 Some research findings : How bad can stress be? High job demands may result in 07 times higher risk for emotional exhaustion(houtman et al, 1998) Low co- worker support may result in 02 times higher risk for back, neck and shoulder problems (Ariens et al,2001; Hoogendoom et al 2000 ) Low job control may result in 02 times higher risk for cardiovascular mortality (Kivimaki et al 2002) High strain may result in 03 times higher risk for hypertensive morbidity ( Belkic et al, 2004 )

14 Case study -Job Stressmeasurement of the Crane Operators of LD # 2 & SC and Risk Evaluation

15 Crane Related Accidents in LD#2 ( )

16 Tools used for Job Stress Measurement Questionnaire study Workplace checklist Hypothesis testing Use of Fuzzy logic

17 Identifying Fuzzy Based Job Stress Function The Job Stress has been identified as a Fuzzy Function of the following parameters : Family Related Stress Stress due to Anatomical and Body Factors Stress due to Psychological Factors Stress due to Psycho-Social Factors Stress due to Noise Stress due to Vibration Stress due to Excessive Temperature and Humidity Stress due to Smoke Stress due to Restricted Visibility Stress due to Glare Mathematically, Where, Job Stress = f ( [S 1.W 1 ], [S 2. W 2 ], [S 3. W 3 ],,[S 10. W 10 ] ) S i The relative weightage of factor i contributing to Job Stress from the participants perspective W i The measured relative impact of the factor i obtained from the Physical Environment. i = ( 1, 2, 3,.. 10 ) Hence, Job Stress could be taken as a Fuzzy Summation of every Parameter s Measured value multiplied by its Weightage Job Stress = f ( [S i. W ] i ), where, Fuzzy Summation

18 Defining the Fuzzy Based Job Stress Function The stress was calculated on a scale of 5 and this was a cumulative outcome of every individual parameter identified earlier (for each parameter, both the measured Physical Environmental Value and the Perceived Value from the survey were considered.) Family Related Anatomical and Body Factors Psychological Factors Psycho-Social Factors Noise Heat Smoke Vibration Glare Restricted Visibility Human System Work Place Job Stress

19 Input feeding Then, the contribution of the measured values which were to be fed were multiplied by their respective weightage from section ( model) to get the net impact values. This helped in accounting for the operators perception and also the actual conditions. Factors Weights from Human System Weights from Work Place Net Impact Human Factors Perception Environmental Factors Perception Family Related Anatomical and Body Psycho-Social Psychological Noise Heat Smoke Vibration Glare Restricted Visibility WBGT

20 Results After multiplication, the net impact values were fed into the Fuzzy Model developed. These Inputs were fuzzified according to the membership functions and hence an output was being obtained on a scale of 5. Job Stress Value = 2.13 ( Medium Value Of Job Stress )

21 Practical Sensitivity Analysis Relative benefits of changing a particular parameter towards job stress Parameter Changed Indirect changes in other parameters due to interlinking Change in the Job Stress Value Family Related no other factor changed 0.09 Anatomical and Body no other factor changed 0.09 Psycho- social no other factor changed 0.08 Psychological no other factor changed 0.06 Noise Noise reduced psychological stress reduced 0.1 Heat Temperature reduced psychological stress reduced 0.1 Smoke Smoke reduced psychological stress reduced, effects on body anatomy reduced 0.1 Vibration Vibration reduced psychological stress reduced, effects on body anatomy reduced 0.1 Glare Glare reduced visibility improves psychological stress reduced and effects on body anatomy reduced 0.57 Restricted Visibility Visibility Improved Psychological stresses reduced RELATIVE BENEFITS Restricted Visibility > Glare > Vibration = Smoke = Heat = Noise > Psychological Human Factors If All the Physical Factors Targeted Change in Job Stress Value = 0.96

22 Suggestions/Recommendations Electronic signalling system, having memory fear factor among crane operators Photochromic glasses to replace the two front glass panes glare Automatic glass wiper improved visibility Dedicated channel of walkie-talkie block unwanted noise Ergonomically designed cabin and control panel heat and vibration improved entry, exit and visibility Safety induction, improved rest room conditions,regular meeting with higher authority, salary/ grade revision

23 Impact of suggestions on Job Stress Impact of suggestions can be measured in terms of improvement factor. Improvement Factor can be formulated as follows: 23

24 Improvement factor of every suggestion proposed Suggestion Factors Influenced Job Stress Improvement Factor Electronic signalling system Visibility, psychological stress Dedicated Walkie Talkie Channel Noise, psychological stress Signalling solution along with dedicated Walkie Talkie channel Photochromatic glass panes through which charging hot metal is viewed Sealing and repairing the Cabin Psychological stress Glare eye problems, psychological stress Visibility, psychological stress, smoke / heat Automatic Glass Wiper Visibility, psychological stress Ergonomically designed cabin Vibration, psychological stress, effects on body anatomy Salary Increment Better attitude in terms of respect by the management. Family related Stress Psycho-social stress

25 THANK YOU