Psychology in Action (8e)

Transcription

1 Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman Chapter 3: Stress and Health Psychology Karen Huffman, Palomar College Presented by: Mani Rafiee

2 Lecture Overview Understanding Stress Stress and Illness Health Psychology in Action Health and Stress Management

3 Understanding Stress What is Stress? A nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it; the arousal, both physical and mental, to situations or events that we perceive as threatening or challenging.

4 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress

5 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Cataclysmic Events: stressors that occur suddenly and generally affect many people simultaneously

6 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Chronic Stressors: ongoing, long lasting, unpleasant events

7 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Life Changes: life events that require some adjustment in behavior or lifestyle

8 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued)

9 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Hassles:: small, everyday problems that accumulate to become source of stress

10 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Occupation Burnout: state of psychological and physical exhaustion resulting from chronic exposure to high levels of stress and little personal control

11 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) mp1 Frustration unpleasant tension resulting from a blocked goal Conflict forced choice between two or more incompatible goals or impulses

12 Slide 11 ناکامی mp1 mani pc۰۲/۰۲/۲۰۱۶

13 Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Three Types of Conflict Approach-Approach: forced choice between two or more desirable alternatives Avoidance-Avoidance: forced choice between two or more undesirable alternatives Approach-Avoidance: forced choice between two or more alternatives both having desirable and undesirable results

14 mp3 Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress mp2 Sympathetic Nervous System HPA Axis

15 Slide 13 mp2 mp3 غده هیپوفیز mani pc۰۲/۰۲/۲۰۱۶ غده فوق کلیوی adrenal medulla mani pc۰۲/۰۲/۲۰۱۶

16 Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) Stress and the HPA Axis: Prolonged elevation of cortisol is related to: increased depression, memory problems, etc. impaired immune system, which leaves the body vulnerable to disease.

17 Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) Stress and the Immune System Psychoneuroimmunology: interdisciplinary field that studies the effect of psychological factors on the immune system

18 Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) Selye s General Adaptation Syndrome 1. Alarm 2. Resistance 3. Exhaustion

19 Stress and Illness Cancer: related to hereditary disposition and environmental factors Cardiovascular Disorders: contributing factors include stress hormones, certain personality types, and certain behaviors Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): anxiety disorder following exposure to extraordinary stress Gastric Ulcers: caused by bacteria or stress?

20 Stress and Illness (Continued)

21 Health Psychology in Action Health Psychology: studies how biological, psychological, and social factors affect health and illness Major Health Risks: 1. Tobacco 2. Alcohol and Binge Drinking 3. Chronic Pain (lasting over 6 months)

22 Health Psychology in Action (Continued) Does this graph surprise you? Smokers often overestimate their risk of dying from homicide and traffic accidents, and greatly underestimate the risk from smoking.

23 Health and Stress Management Two major approaches to coping with stress: 1. emotion-focused (changing one's perception of stressful situations) 2. problem-focused (using problemsolving strategies to decrease or eliminate the source of stress)

24 Health and Stress Management (Continued) Our emotional reaction to stress largely depends on how we interpret it.

25 Health and Stress Management (Continued) Resources for Healthy Living 1. Health and Exercise 2. Positive Beliefs 3. Social Skills 4. Social Support 5. Material Resources 6. Control (Internal locus of control) 7. Relaxation

26 Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman Chapter 3: Stress and Health Psychology Presented by: Mani rafiee