Abstract. Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange Vol.4, No.2 June 30 (2018), pp

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1 Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange Vol.4, No.2 June 30 (2018), pp Abstract The present study was intended to analyse discriminant factors between happy and unhappy elderly people. For this purpose, 300 seniors in a metropolitan area in Korea were individually interviewed regarding subjective well-being, economic and health state, extraversion, neuroticism, self-esteem, goal instability, generativity, and social support. The discriminant factors between high emotional well-being elderly and low emotional well-being elderly were self-esteem, neuroticism, and goal instability. The discriminat factors between high life satisfaction elderly and low life satisfaction elderly were self-esteem and economic state. In conclusion, it was found that self-esteem served as the strongest discriminant factors between happy and unhappy elderly people. Keywords : Happy elderly, Self-esteem, Neuroticism, Goal instability Received(April 23, 2018), Review Result(1st: May 7, 2018, 2nd: May 28, 2018), Accepted(June 7, 2018) ISSN: APJCRI Copyright 2018 SoCoRI 43

2 44 Copyright 2018 SoCoRI

3 Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange Vol.4, No.2 June (2018) ISSN: APJCRI Copyright 2018 SoCoRI 45

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5 Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange Vol.4, No.2 June (2018) ISSN: APJCRI Copyright 2018 SoCoRI 47

6 References [1] M. Argyle, in Well-being: The foundation of hedonic psychology, Edited D. Kahneman, E. Diener, and N. Schwarz, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, USA (1999), Causes and correlates of happiness, pp [2] S. M. A. Lamers, G. J. Westerhof, V. Kovács and E. T. Bohlmeijer, Differential relationships in the association of the Big Five personality traits with positive mental health and psychopathology, Journal of Research in Personality (2012), Vol.46, No.5, Copyright 2018 SoCoRI

7 Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange Vol.4, No.2 June (2018) [3] D. G. Myers and E. Diener, Who is Happy?, Psychological Science (1995), Vol.6, No.1, pp [4] M. Kim and J. Ko, Study on the Determinants of Life Satisfaction among the Elderly: An Integrative Approach, International Journal of Contents (2013), Vol.13, No.6, [5] M. S. Chang and K. S. Park, Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction for the Aged: From the Ecosystem Perspective, Health and Social Welfare Review (2012), Vol.32, No.2, [6] M. Jung, The Influence of Participation in Social Activities of the Elderly on Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction, Korean Journal of Care Management (2013), Vol.9, pp [7] E. Lee, G. Kim, G. Han and R. Ju, Analysis of the Role of Generativityinthe Subjective Well-Being among Elderly Adults, Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society (2004), Vol.24, No.3, pp [8] B. W. Leung, G. B. Moneta and C. McBride-Chang, Think Positively and Feel Positively: Optimism and Life Satisfaction in Late Life, The International Journal of Aging and Human Development (2005), Vol.61, No.4, pp [9] E. C. Payne, S. B. Robbins and L. Dougherty, Goal directedness and older-adult adjustment, Journal of Counseling Psychology (1991), Vol.38, No.3, pp [10] J. S. An and T. M. Cooney, Psychological well-being in mid to late life: The role of generativity development and parent child relationships across the lifespan, International Journal of Behavior Development (2006), Vol.30, No.5, pp [11] Y. J. Cho, The Elderly Volunteers' Psychological Well-being - On the Effects of Old People's Generativity and Family Support -, Korean Journal of Human Ecology (2008), Vol.17, No.2, pp [12] D. P. McAdams and E. de St. Aubin and R. L. Logan, Generativity among young, midlife, and older adults, Psychology and Aging (1993), Vol.8, No.2, pp [13] B. C. Feeney and N. L. Collins, A New Look at Social Support: A Theoretical Perspective on Thriving Through Relationships, Personality and Social Psychology Review (2015), Vol.19, No.2, pp [14] E. Kahana, T. Bhatta, L. D. Lovergreen, B. Kahana and E. Midlarsky, Altruism, Helping, and Volunteering: Pathways to Well-Being in Late Life, Journal of Aging and Health (2013), Vol.25, No.1, [15] Y. Park and E. Noh, A Study on the Effects of Social Support on the Subjective Happiness of the elderly People, Journal of the Korean Academy of Health and Welfare for Elderly (2015), Vol.7, No.1, pp [16] F. M. Andrew and S. B. Withey, Developing measures of perceived life quality: Results from several national surveys, Social Indicators Research (1974), Vol.1, No.1, pp [17] K. Cha, Psychology of life quality among college students in Korea, Japan, and United States. Proceedings of the Spring Symposium of Korean Psychological Association, (1995) pp , May; Seoul, Korea [18] E. Diener, R. A. Emmons, R. J. Larsen, and S. Griffin, The Satisfaction With Life Scale, Journal of Personality Assessment (1985), Vol.49, No.1, pp [19] B. Jon, Self-Esteem: A Test of Its Measurability, Yonsei Nonchong (1974), Vol.11, No.1, pp [20] M. Rosenberg, Society and the Adolescent Self-image, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. (1965) ISSN: APJCRI Copyright 2018 SoCoRI 49

8 [21] S. B. Robbins and M. J. Patten, Self-psychology and career development: Construction of the Superiority and Goal Instability scales, Journal of Counseling Psychology (1985), Vol.32, No.2, pp [22] E. Lee, The Role of Goal Instability and Resolving Style of Problems Between Nurses Job Stressors and Emotional Exhaustion, The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology (2008), Vol.13, No.4, pp [23] P. T. Jr. Costa and R. R. McCrae, Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL (1992) [24] B. G. Tabachnick and L. S. Fidell, Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.), Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education, New York USA (2007) [25] E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryann, Human autonomy: The basis for true self-esteem, Edited M. H. Kernis, Plenum series in social/clinical psychology, New York, USA (1995), Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem, pp [26] M. R. Leary and R. F. Baumeister, The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (2000), Vol.32, pp [27] R. F. Baumeister, The self, Edited D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, and G. Lindzey, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA (1998), The handbook of social psychology, pp [28] C. Sedikides and M. J. Strube, Self-Evaluation: To Thine Own Self Be Good, To Thine Own Self Be Sure, To Thine Own Self Be True, and To Thine Own Self be Better, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (1997), Vol.29, pp [29] P. T. Costa and R. R. McCrae, Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1980), Vol.38, No.4, pp [30] M. W. Eysenck, Trait Theories of Anxiety, Edited J. Strelau and H. J. Eysenck, Plenum Press, New York, USA (1987). Personality Dimensions and Arousal, pp [31] B. Headey and A. Wearing, Personality, life events, and subjective well-being: Toward a dynamic equilibrium model, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1989), Vol.57, No.4, pp [32] M. J. Patton and S. B. Robbins, Kohut's self-psychology as a model for college-student counseling, Professional Psychology (1982), Vol.13, No.6, pp [33] T. R. Elliott, G. Uswatte, L. Lewis and A. Palmatier, Goal instability and adjustment to physical disability, Journal of Counseling Psychology (2000), Vol.47, No.2, pp [34] L. C. Smith and S. B. Robbins, Validity of the Goal Instability scale (modified) as a predictor of adjustment in retirement-age adults, Journal of Counseling Psychology (1988), Vol.35, No.3, pp Copyright 2018 SoCoRI

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