Psychological motives for giving and volunteering

Transcription

1 Psychological motives for giving and volunteering Sara Konrath, PhD Oct 30, 2015

2 overview 1) motives for volunteering 2) motives for donating money 3) practical points

3 key motives for volunteering Values / Altruism Social Other-oriented Self-oriented Learning / Understanding Self Protective Self Enhancement Source: Volunteer Functions Inventory, Clary & Snyder, 1999

4 gender differences Social Learning / Self Protective Self Enhancement Understanding Values / Altruism Source: Clary, Snyder, Stukas, 1996

5 age differences Young adulthood Middle age Old adulthood Source: Clary, Snyder, Stukas, 1996; Okun & Schultz, 2003

6 implications for well-being Individual wellbeing (self-esteem, self-efficacy) Social wellbeing (trust, social connection) Source: Stukas, Hoye, Nicholson, Brown, & Aisbett, 2014

7 implications for health Other-oriented Self-oriented 25% more likely 30% less likely Source: Konrath, Fuhrel-Forbis, Lou, & Brown, 2012

8 implications for volunteering commitment and satisfaction Other-oriented Self-oriented??? Sources: Stukas, Hoye, et al, 2014

9 implications for volunteering commitment and satisfaction Sources: Clary et al, 1998; Stukas, Hoye, et al, 2014; Stukas, Worth, Clary, Snyder, 2009

10 overview 1) motives for volunteering 2) motives for donating money 3) practical points

11 literature reviews Sources: Bekkers & Wiepking, 2011; Sargeant & Woodliffe, 2007

12 key motives for donating money Other-oriented Self-oriented Source: Konrath & Handy, in development

13 gender differences Source: Konrath & Handy, in development

14 age differences Young adulthood Middle age Old adulthood Source: Konrath & Handy, in development

15 giving money and well-being *See Chapter 5, for spending on others

16 motives and health & well-being Well-being Health (self-reported) Source: Konrath & Handy, in development

17 implications for giving???

18 types of givers other research on personality traits and donation behavior narcissism = extreme self-focus less altruistic motives for giving focused on what they can get when donating

19 narcissism & ice bucket challenge 17 million videos Jun 1- Sept 1, 2015 viewed 10 billion times world population = 7 billion Aug 2013: $2.7 million Aug 2014: $94.3 million

20 narcissism & ice bucket challenge post video only (no donation) most narcissistic people gave donation only (no video) least narcissistic people *I really don t like Tom Cruise Source: Konrath, Zarins, & Ho, 2015, under revision

21 changes in narcissism over time 30% increase in narcissism, aka egoism Millennials Source: Twenge, Konrath, Foster, Campbell, & Bushman, 2008

22 types of givers empathy = responsive to others more altruistic motives for giving cognitive / perspective taking rational altruist emotional / empathic concern emotional altruist Source: Kou & Konrath, in preparation

23 rational vs. emotional altruists Source: Kou & Konrath, in preparation

24 rational vs. emotional altruists Source: Kou & Konrath, in preparation

25 changes in empathy over time 48% decline in empathic concern, aka emotional altruism 34% decline in perspective taking, aka rational altruism Millennials Millennials Source: Konrath, O Brien, & Hsing, 2011

26 overview 1) motives for volunteering 2) motives for donating money 3) practical points

27 how can we know what motivates donors?

28 how can we know what motivates donors? Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS) To what extent do you agree with this statement: I am a narcissist. (Konrath, Meier, & Bushman, 2014) Single Item Measure of Empathy (SIME) To what extent do you agree with this statement: I am an empathetic person. (Konrath, Meier, & Bushman, in progress) Or use other scientifically developed scales Volunteer Functions Inventory (Clary et al, 1998) Motives to Donate scale (Konrath & Handy, in progress)

29 hedging your bets with donor appeals Direct appeal to ALTRUISM motives: Want to help the most? Check here to make an unrestricted gift. Direct appeal to SOCIAL motives: Check this box to Care-Pool with a friend. We ll send them an invitation to give. Direct appeal to TRUST motives: We have the highest rating for financial accountability and transparency from Charity Navigator, an independent agency. Direct appeal to EGO motives: Donations of $25 or more are published in our monthly newsletter. Direct appeal to TAX motives: 100% of your donation is tax deductible. Direct appeal to CONSTRAINTS motives: Every single dollar counts. Donate as little as $1 at a time.

30 how can knowing motives help to more effectively engage with donors?

31 how can knowing motives help to more effectively engage with donors? 1) Tailored messaging approaches Assume motives are stable DONOR APPEAL

32 how can knowing motives help to more effectively engage with donors? 2) Intervention approaches Assume motives are changeable

33 thank you Questions welcome.