CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. sampling, method of collecting data, technique of data analyzing and research

Transcription

1 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In this chapter, the researcher would like to present the research methodology. It covers the research type and designs, data and source of data, the technique of sampling, method of collecting data, technique of data analyzing and research procedures. A. Research Type and Design In doing this research, the researcher applies a descriptive qualitative method which deals with the observation and interpretation of the researcher toward the subject of the research. According to Moleong (1990: 4), it is a type of research that does not include any calculation or enumeration. Sutopo also states that in qualitative research, the data collected in the form of words, sentences or pictures is more meaningful other than merely number frequencies (2002: 35). This research does not discuss about the number or statistical data but focused in describing how the translator translates the pun and the quality of translation. Thus, the result of the analysis is in a form of word or sentence, not in form of number or statistic. This research is a single embedded-case study. According to Merriam (as cited in Cresswell, 1998: 61), a case study is an exploration of a bounded system or a case (or multiple cases) over time through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information rich in context. Stake also states that in single case studies, the researcher explores a single phenomenon which is 33

2 bounded by time and activity, and then collects the detail information related to that phenomenon by using a variety of data procedures during the sustained period of time (as cited in Cresswell, 2003: 15). This study is focusing on the translation of puns existed in the film entitled Cloudy with Chance of Meatballs 2. It is an embedded case study since it analyzes the specific aspect of the case (Yin in Cresswell, 1998: 63). This study is intended to describe the types of puns found in the movie and to find out the translation techniques and the quality assessment of the translation in pun translation. B. Data and Sources of Data According to Arikunto (1987: 162) data source is the subject where the data is obtained. The data of this research were words, clauses, or sentences of the dialogues that contained many pun. This research used two kinds of data. First, the data are all of dialogues containing puns which were taken from theanimation movie entitledcloudy with Chance of Meatballs 2. Second, the data were taken from the raters in the form of questionnaire results. The raters responsibilities are to assess and give their comments related to the accuracy and acceptability of the translation of the puns. The questionnaires are given to three raters. C. Sampling Strategy In this research, the researcher used total sampling and purposive sampling technique. As it explained in the previous part, the subject of this research is pun 34

3 translation in the animation movie entitled Cloudy with Chance of Meatballs 2. Therefore, the samples of this research are the dialogues which contain puns. Sutopo states that purposive sampling technique is when the researcher tends to choose informants which are considered competent in the case studied and they can be trusted to be the source of data (1998: 26). It means, the informants selected should meet some criteria such mastering both English and Indonesian, having adequate knowledge and having some experiences in translation. D. Methods of Data Collection The data of this research was collected in two methods; content analysis and questionnaire distribution. 1. Content Analysis This method is used by the researcher to find the puns and to know the types of puns and also to determine the techniques which are applied in translating puns. In doing this method, the researcher watched the movie Cloudy with Chance of Meatballs 2 first. After that, the researcher made the English subtitle transcript by watching and listening to the movie. Then, the researcher collected all of the data which are considered as puns. To make sure whether or not certain words are puns, the researcher validated the data to the expert. The expert is a person who knows puns well. 35

4 2. Questionnaire According to Sutopo (2002: 70), questionnaire is a list of questions for collecting data in particular. The researcher used questionnaire to collect the score of the quality of the translation in terms of accuracy and acceptability. The questionnaire used in this research is open-close ended questionnaire since the raters can give their comments, suggestions, or additional information related to the puns translation in the questionnaire. Below are the standards of the scale in scoring accuracy and acceptability level of the data: Table 3.1 Scale of Accuracy (Taken from Nababan, Nuraeni and Sumardiono, 2012, p. 50) Kategori Skor Parameter Kualitatif Terjemahan Akurat 3 Makna kata, istilah teknis, frasa, klausa, kalimat atau teks bahasa sumber dialihkan secara akurat kedalam bahasa sasaran; sama sekali tidak terjadi distorsi makna. Kurang Akurat 2 Sebagian besar makna kata, istilahteknis, frasa, klausa, kalimat atau teks bahasa sumber sudah dialihkan secara akurat kedalam bahasa sasaran. Namun, masih terdapat distorsi makna atau terjemahan makna ganda (taksa) atau ada makna yang dihilangkan, yang mengganggu keutuhan pesan. 36

5 Tidak Akurat 1 Makna kata, istilah teknis, frasa, klausa, kalimat atau teks bahasa sumber dialihkan secara tidak akurat kedalam bahasa sasaran atau dihilangkan (deleted). Table 3.2 Scale of Acceptability (Taken from Nababan, Nuraeni and Sumardiono, 2012, p. 51) Kategori Skor Parameter Kualitatif Terjemahan Berterima 3 Terjemahan terasa alamiah; istilah teknis yang digunakan lazim digunakan dan akrab bagi pembaca; frasa, klausa dan kalimat yang digunakan sudah sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah bahasa Indonesia Kurang berterima 2 Pada umumnya terjemahan sudah terasa alamiah; namun ada sedikit masalah pada penggunaan istilah teknis atau terjadi sedikit kesalahan gramatikal. Tidak berterima 1 Terjemahan tidak alamiah atau terasa seperti karya terjemahan; istilah teknis yang digunakan tidak lazim digunakan dan tidak akrab bagi pembaca; frasa, klausa dan kalimat yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah bahasa Indonesia 37

6 E. Technique of Data Analysis According to Marshall and Rossman data analysis is the process of bringing order, structure, and meaning to the mass collected data (1994: 111).In collecting the data, the researcher used some steps as follows: 1. Observing the source of data The researcher observed and marked the puns found in the movie Cloudy with Chance of Meatballs Comparing the source of data and its translation The researcher compared the puns and its translation taken from official subtitle Cloudy with Chance of Meatballs Classifying the type of pun The researcher classified the puns based on the type of puns according to Delabastita explanation. 4. Analyzing the techniques applied by the translators The researcher analyzed the techniques used in translating pun. The techniques used to analyze pun are proposed by Delabastista and include pun rendered as pun, pun rendered as non-pun, pun translated into related rhetorical device, pun rendered as zero pun, pun in ST = pun in TT, nonpun a pun, zero to pun, and editorial technique. 5. Analyzing the quality of translation The researcher analyzed the quality of translation based on the results questionnaire obtained from the raters and respondents. 6. Drawing conclusion and giving recommendation 38

7 The researcher drew a conclusion and gave recommendation based on the result of analysis. F. Research Procedures Some procedures used in conducting this research were as follows: 1. Making research proposal a) Determining topic to be analyzed. The topic here is puns in the movie subtitle. b) Determining the research limitation. c) Arranging proposal related to the topic and consulting it with the thesis supervisor. 2. Finding the object of research The researcher took the object of the research from the movie Cloudy with Chance of Meatballs Collecting the data The researcher collected the data obtained from the official subtitle of Cloudy with Chance of Meatballs Giving code to each datum After the data was collected, the researcher coded each datum as follows: Example: SL: Watermelophants TL: Gajah Semangka (33:53/Pn/017) The explanation of the codes above is as follow: 39

8 means the exact time when the dialogue takes place. 2. Pn means pun, and means the sequence number of data. 5. Classifying the collected data of pun The researcher classified the data based on the type of pun: paronymy, homonymy, homograph, homophone and polysemy. 6. Distributing the questionnaire to three raters The researcher made a list contained of SL and TL for assessingthe translation quality in term of accuracy and acceptability. The researcher also added the context and situation in the questionnaire form to make it easier for the raters to assess the pun translation. After all questionnaires were ready, the researcher distributed them to three raters. In assessing the quality of pun translation, it is not enough to just distribute questionnaires in form of print outs. The raters should watch the full movie too in order to fully understand the context and situation. 7. Analyzing the translation technique While waiting for the data of the translation quality to be given back by the raters, the researcher analyzed the translation techniques applied by the translator in translating pun. 8. Collecting and checking the data from questionnaire The researcher collected questionnaire from the raters and checked the score given by the raters. 9. Analyzing the translation quality 40

9 After the data were gathered from the raters, the researcher analyzed the translation quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability. Then, the results were put into table. 10. Drawing conclusions and recommendation The final step of this research is that the researcher drew conclusion related to the problem statements and also provided recommendations based on the result of the analysis. 41