PSY469 Forensic and Police Psychology

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1 PSY469 Forensic and Police Psychology Police psychology framework and history Psychological services of the Police of the Czech Republic Psychological Assessment Psychological care for police officers and stress management Police officers in international peace operations 2 1

2 3 Police officers selection Testing and interview Fitness for duty evaluation Testing and interview Consulting and intervention Police officers training /teaching Stress and anger management Communication skills Ethics Victim support 4 2

3 Personnel & Organizational Psychology Police officers selection Organizational and management consulting Police officers training/teaching Health Care Psychology Fitness for duty Stress and anger management Consulting, crisis intervention, psychotherapy Counselling to police officers involved in critical incidents Operational Support Offender profiling Assistance to crisis negotiation teams Interrogation assistance Research and Development Emerging Psychological support (e.g. counselling and crisis intervention) for: crime victims and survivors of victims people affected by disasters (e..g. floods) people affected by mass traffic accident 5 Worldwide 1920s first connection between police and psychology first function of psychology pre-employment screening psychological training 1960sin US in 1968 the Los Angeles Police Department hired a full-time psychologist new roles of police psychologist expanded: operational help in hostage negotiations, criminal personality profiling, domestic crisis intervention, crime scene analysis, and counselling police officers regarding personal problems inherent in police work Czech Republic 1920s Selection of the members of the Gendarmerie and the State Police by Psychotechnical Institute in Prague stopped in s The Criminalistic Institute in Prague hired first psychologists 1970s Police hired first psychologists for police officers selection and training 1960s 1970sin Europe institutionalization of police psychology first police psychology services departments police officers selection police officers training research 6 3

4 Worldwide 1985in US The first meeting of the Police Psychological Services Committee took place at the 1985 IACP Annual Conference in Houston, Texas (IACP= International Association of Chiefs of Police) Conception of police psychologists role Czech Republic 1980s psychologists public officials (cops) in all the Regional Police Directorates focused on personnel psychology 1990s personnel psychologist became civil employees police officers selection, training and consulting and counselling to officers 1993 established Psychology and Sociology Department of The Ministry of Interior System of Posttraumatic intervention care created (crisis intervention and counselling to police officers involved in critical incidents) Birth of Assessment centre selection in police 7 Worldwide Czech Republic 2009 New Conception of Psychological Services in the Police of the Czech Republic: A) Framework 3 pillars of psychological services: I. Psychological assessment II. Psychological care for police officers and employees III. Psychological support of the police Services B) New structure: 2010(EU) EMPEN - European medical and psychological experts network for law enforcement 2010 Member of the EMPEN Civil employees (personnel psychologists) I. and II. pillar Public officials (cops) II. and III. pillar 8 4

5 Network for medical, medico-legal and psychological activities in the law enforcement field Platform to exchange experiences and best practices Members: Austria Czech Republic Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Framework of police psychology by EMPEN members: 1. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Selection of entrants for general service, proficient police officers for special units and follow-up assessment 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT/CARE FOR POLICE OFFICERS Psychologicalcare Education and development Organisational and management consulting 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY POLICE SERVICES Victimcare Operationalsupport

6 12/2009: New Conception of Psychological Services in the Police of the Czech Republic 3 Pillars of the Psychological Services I. Psychological assessment II. Psychological care for police officers and employees III. Psychological support of the police Services Police psychologists Civil employees (personnel psychologists) I. and II. pillar Public officials (cops) II. and III. pillar 11 Police Presidium Department of Chief Psychologist Police Presidium Department of Psychological Services 14 Regional Police Directorates Departments of Psychological Services Psychologists of Units with republic-wide competence 12 6

7 Structure: Basic activities: Appellate body in personality capability assessment (handling requests for review of conclusion) Chief Psychologist Methodical guidance for police psychologists and control activities Assistant of the ChiefPsychologist Head of Crisis Intervention Group Methodical worker for Assessment Centre Organizing educational and training activities for psychologists Methodical guidance and organising of Assessment centre Crisis Intervention Group Methodical guidance and coordination of system of crisis intervention Operation of non-stop helpline 13 psychologist candidate Personality Capability Assessment Police officers selection Special units and positions members selection International peace operations members selection Fitness for Duty evaluation Tests, Questionnaires, Interview Personne nel l Selection Assessment o Police managers selection o Special positions members selection Assessment centre Model Tasks, Discussion Psychodiagnostic Assessment Tests, Questionnaires, Interview Research and Development Police officers personality and behaviour studying Development of the Psychodiagnostic methods 7

8 Non-stop Help Line(24/7) Consulting and counselling Crisis Intervention Posttraumatic Intervention Care Provided by the special trained police psychologists, officers, civil employees and clergies Other psychological care (provided by psychologists) Individual consulting and counselling Crisis intervention Group intervention & team work; sociometry Psychotherapy Education & Development Communication skills Stress management Operational psychology psychologist staff psychologist citizen o Psychological support for crime victims and their nears Counselling and crisis intervention provided by police psychologist and special trained team of crisis interventionists Next intervention provided by other organizations mediation Injury report communication Psychological support during interrogation Non-stop help line for crisis interventionists team Psychological support for affected by disasters or mass traffic accidents Counselling and crisis intervention Coordination of the crisis interventionists team provided by Crisis Intervention Group Operational support Interrogation assistance Offender profiling Threatening letters, messages or calls analyzing 8

9 What do the police and prison psychologists occupy by? What is the difference of their activities? What knowledge, skills or competences do they need to their work? Do youseeany risk related to thework of police andprison psychologists? Anything to add or change? 17 Personality Capability Assessment Assessment Centre 18 9

10 Make groups of 5 or 6 people For five minutes discuss and write down You are police and prison psychologists. You have to make psychological assessment to select the best officers and eliminate the applicants who are psychologically and mentally unfit to serve. First you should define criteria of the personality capability. The following questions might help: What qualities of police officers (applicants) are desirable/undesirable? What qualities of prison officers are desirable/undesirable? What is different (if anything)? What kind of psychological methods would you use (e.g. personality questionnaires, observation...)? Choose who will present Present 19 usually associated with: desirable traits: undesirable traits: suspicious, solidaristic, conservative, alienated and thoroughly bigoted (40 years ago) machismo, bravery, authoritarianism, cynicism and aggression (today) intelligence and aptitude (early part of the 20th century) cognitive abilities + personality traits, e.g. emotional stability (today) hostility, lack of impulse control, potential for alcohol and/or substance abuse, psychoses, paranoia, etc

11 to weed out police applicants who are psychologically and mentally unfit to serve because of the appearance of abnormal personality traits and deficiencies in psychometric (e.g., intelligence) measures(ho, 2001; In. Twersky-Glasner Glasner, 2005) to select the candidates most likely to maintain psychological fitness relative to future job performance (Barick&Mount Barick&Mount, 1991; In. Twersky-Glasner Glasner, 2005) Psychological Examination 2. Physical Ability Examination 3. Medical Examination Psychological examination = personality capability assessment Psychological Examination Observation Anamnestic questionnaire IQ/achievement tests IQ, memory, concentration Personality tests questionnaires, projective tests Interview 11

12 intellect in average or above emotional stability psycho-socially accomplished stress resistance desirable motivation, attitudes and values without any voluntary processes deficiency without any cognitive processes deficiency without any self-regulation processes deficiency without undesirable aggression symptoms without psychopathological symptoms Who must pass the personality capability assessment? All the applicants for admission to the Police of the Czech Republic(citizens) The applicants for admission to some special units, positions (usually police officers) or international peace operations(police officers) Police officers in the case of suspicion of loss of the personality capability Appeals Chief psychologist of the Police of the Czech Republic is the appellate body in the personality capability assessment(handling requests for review of conclusion). 12

13 * personality capability assessment +other psychological assessment The model of AC from Great Britain In the Police of the Czech Republic since 1996 Since 2008is AC required as one of the methods in selection of managers (9 tariff class and above) Today: 98 active assessors (trained police officers and employees) 9supervisors In 2011, 24 ACs were organized In 2011, 194 candidates passed the AC Model tasks, discussion 13

14 Non-stop Help Line Posttraumatic Intervention Care 27 General stress Cumulative stress Critical incident stress (CIS) Posttraumatic stress disorder (CIS) 14

15 Make groups of 5 or 6 people For five minutes discuss and write down Which stressors can affect police officers? Choose who will present Present 30 15

16 Stressors Internal to the Police Organization: Poor supervision (too lenient/too tough) Insufficient training Absence of upward mobility Absence of an extrinsic reward system Offensive (annoying & silly) policies and procedures Excessive paperwork Bad equipment Poor salary Shift work (night duties) Stressors external to the police organization: Absence of career development Ineffective criminal justice system Biased press and media influence Derogatory remarks of laymen Political interference Stressors task-related to police work: Role conflict and strain Rotating shift work Fear and danger involved in job Giving up cases to the detective division Victim pain& anguish Employee review boards Stressors Associated with Personal Problems: Marital and family relationships (like divorce, and/or other familial problems) Health problems Addictions Peer group pressure Depression Harassment Lack of accomplishment Traumatic events likely to cause CIS The Terrible Ten : Suicide of a colleague, friend, family member Line of duty death; death at the workplace Serious line of duty/workplace injury Disaster/ multi-casualty incident Police shootings / accidental killing or wounding of an innocent person / events with extreme threat to the participants Significant events involving children Prolonged incidents especially with a loss Events inwhichthe victims are relatives ofor areknown to the operations personnel Events with excessive media interest Any significant event capable of causing considerable emotional distress in those who are exposed to it 16

17 Trauma any event outside the usual realm of human experience that is markedly distressing (e.g., evokes reactions of intense fear, helplessness, horror, etc.) such traumatic stressors usually involve the perceived threat to one s physical integrity or to the physical integrity of someone in close proximity Posttraumatic stress very intense arousal subsequent to a traumatic stressor(trauma) traumatic stress overwhelms coping mechanisms leaving individuals out of control and feeling helpless Posttraumatic stress disorder(ptsd) is a response to a major traumatic event in which the person directly or indirectly experiences death or serious injury Cognitive Confusion in thinking Difficulty making decisions Disorientation Emotional Emotional shock Anger Grief Depression Feeling overwhelmed Hopelessness/helplessness Physical Excessive sweating Dizzy spells Increased heart rate Elevated blood pressure Rapid breathing Behavioural Changes in ordinary behaviour patterns Changes in eating Decreased personal hygiene Withdrawal from others Prolonged silences 17

18 Non-stop Help Line(24/7) Posttraumatic Intervention Care Other psychological care (provided by psychologists) Education & Development Since hoursa day, 7days a week Operated by Crisis intervention group, Department of Chief psychologist The service for the police officers and employees and their nears; to officers offire RescueService and since2011 also to membersof thearmy. Consulting and counselling, crisis Intervention Phone, Skype, In the case of disasters or mass traffic accident - coordination of crisis intervention teams; psychological support for affected; In 2011, 463 calls (incl. 105 clients of Emergency Call Number 112) 18

19 Since 90s The service for the police officers and employees and their nears Provided by the special trained police psychologists, officers, civil employees and clergies 15 teams established in 14 Regional Police Directorates and Police presidium In2011, 400 clients Individual Consulting and counselling, crisis intervention, psychotherapy In 2011: 1230 clients, 1954 contacts Group Group intervention & team work; sociometry In 2011: 1143 clients 19

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