Sensation, Part 1 Gleitman et al. (2011), Chapter 4
|
|
|
- Diane Webb
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sensation, Part 1 Gleitman et al. (2011), Chapter 4 Mike D Zmura Department of Cognitive Sciences, UCI Psych 9A / Psy Beh 11A February 11, 2014 T. M. D'Zmura 1
2 Origins of Knowledge Empiricism knowledge is acquired through experience ( nurture ) Nativism knowledge is innate ( nature ) T. M. D'Zmura 2
3 Origins of Knowledge Empiricism knowledge is acquired through experience John Locke ( ) when born, the mind is blank a tabula rasa (blank tablet) Experience refers to working with the information provided to us by our senses and other faculties like memory T. M. D'Zmura 3
4 Basic Distinction Distal stimulus: object or event in the world out there, like a tree Proximal stimulus: pattern of energy from that object which stimulates our sensory organs, such as the light from the tree reaching our eyes What we want: knowledge of the distal stimuli What we get: proximal stimulation Problem: the proximal stimulus does not tell us directly what the distal stimulus is! T. M. D'Zmura 4
5 Example Consider how the size of a visual image of some object depends on viewing distance. Hold up your thumb at arm s length. Look at a nearby person and see how big the image is, relative to your thumb. Do the same for a far-away person. Proximal image size does not directly tell us how big the real-world distal stimulus is... T. M. D'Zmura 5
6 Bishop George Berkeley ( ) two stages are needed to understand how the mind works to interpret proximal stimuli (1) our senses provide raw input: sensations (2) our minds link these sensations to provide a meaningful organization of our perceived world: associations sensations -patch of green -a note on a piano -a salty taste -touch of a feather associations a spherical patch of green above a cylindrical patch of brown -a tree T. M. D'Zmura 6
7 Origins of Knowledge Nativism knowledge is innate Immanuel Kant ( ) There are categories according to which sensory material is organized Space, time and causality are a priori (built-in or innate) Experience provides sensory input ordered according to the a priori categories T. M. D'Zmura 7
8 Psychophysics Relates characteristics of a proximal stimulus to the quality and intensity of its sensory experience. T. M. D'Zmura 8
9 Detection Important Distinction Absolute Threshold -What is the smallest amount of light that you can detect if viewed in an otherwise completely dark room? -What is the intensity of the faintest sound you can hear? -How many sugar molecules must a glass of water contain for you to taste the sugar? Difference Threshold T. M. D'Zmura 9
10 T. M. D'Zmura 10
11 Important Distinction Absolute Threshold Difference Threshold -What is the smallest amount that two lights can differ in physical intensity and still differ in perceived brightness? -How much change in sound frequency is needed for you to tell the difference between a 256 Hz tone (middle C on a piano) and a tone of higher frequency? -How much sugar must be added to a glass of water that already has a teaspoon of sugar in it so that you can just tell the difference? T. M. D'Zmura 11
12 Discrimination Tell two stimuli apart. If the physical difference between two stimuli is as small as possible for us to tell two stimuli apart, then we are measuring a difference threshold. The difference threshold corresponds to a just noticeable difference (JND) In the standard experiment, one compares a test or comparison stimulus to the standard or reference stimulus T. M. D'Zmura 12
13 Weber s Law -E.H. Weber ( ) The change in a stimulus required for a difference to be detected increases in proportion to the magnitude of the standard stimulus. c = ΔI / I or ΔI = c I I ΔI c intensity of standard change in intensity required for difference to be detected a constant (Weber fraction) characteristic of a particular task T. M. D'Zmura 13
14 Weber s Law Problem 1. Betty finds that she can just discriminate a light of intensity 102 from a standard light of intensity 100. Assuming that Weber s Law holds, how intense must a light be for Betty to be able to discriminate it from a standard light of intensity 200? Of intensity 400? c = ΔI / I T. M. D'Zmura 14
15 Weber s Law Problem 1. Betty finds that she can just discriminate a light of intensity 102 from a standard light of intensity 100. Assuming that Weber s Law holds, how intense must a light be for Betty to be able to discriminate it from a standard light of intensity 200? Of intensity 400? Answer: (1) Find Betty s Weber fraction c. c = ΔI / I ΔI = = 2. I = 100. Therefore, c = 2/100 or 0.02 or 2%. (2) Apply the same Weber fraction c = 0.02 to a standard intensity of = ΔI / 200. ΔI = 0.02 x 200 = 4. The brighter light has an intensity of I + ΔI, namely = 204. T. M. D'Zmura 15
16 Weber s Law c = ΔI / I Problem 2. Betty and George measure their sensitivity to differences in sound intensities in the same experiment. Betty finds that her Weber fraction is George finds that his Weber fraction is Who is the more sensitive observer in this experiment? T. M. D'Zmura 16
17 Weber s Law c = ΔI / I Problem 2. Betty and George measure their sensitivity to differences in sound intensities in the same experiment. Betty finds that her Weber fraction is George finds that his Weber fraction is Who is the more sensitive observer in this experiment? Answer: Betty s Weber fraction (0.05) is smaller than George s (0.07). She needs less of a change in sound intensity to perceive the difference. Therefore she is the more sensitive observer. T. M. D'Zmura 17
18 T. M. D'Zmura 18
19 Fechner s Law Gustav Fechner ( ) S = k log I S = subjective magnitude I = physical intensity k = constant log = logarithm function The subjective magnitude of a stimulus increases as the logarithm of its physical intensity. T. M. D'Zmura 19
20 Fechner s Law S = k log I S = subjective magnitude I = physical intensity k = constant log = logarithm function The log in Fechner s law takes a huge range of physical inputs (I) and turns them into a much smaller range of subjective outputs (S) Input Output = log(input) T. M. D'Zmura 20
21 Signal Detection Theory Developed to help interpret radar signals after World War II Takes into account both 1. Sensory Processing 2. Decision-Making Mechanisms (Criterion) T. M. D'Zmura 21
22 A standard signal detection experiment involves a large number of trials During each trial, a faint, barely detectable signal is either present or absent For each trial, the observer must respond whether the signal was present or absent This can be difficult because all trials have noise Typically, the signal is present on only half of the trials, chosen randomly by the experimenter, so that the observer does not know in advance what the correct answer is. T. M. D'Zmura 22
23 Let s classify responses in such an experiment. T. M. D'Zmura 23
24 T. M. D'Zmura 24
25 T. M. D'Zmura 25
26 T. M. D'Zmura 26
27 Response Classification T. M. D'Zmura 27
28 Some responses are correct T. M. D'Zmura 28
29 Some responses are errors T. M. D'Zmura 29
30 An observer s decision-making depends on the costs of incorrect responses and benefits of correct responses: the payoff matrix How can you, the experimenter, induce an observer to adopt a more conservative criterion (less willing to respond signal present )? -pay the observer one cent for each hit -have the observer pay you one dollar for each false alarm How can you, the experimenter, induce an observer to adopt a more liberal criterion (more willing to respond signal present )? -pay the observer one dollar for each hit -have the observer pay you one cent for each false alarm T. M. D'Zmura 30
31 Sensory Codes Sensory codes nervous system uses them to translate a proximal stimulus into neural impulses; first step is transduction Proximal stimulus intensity is coded by rates of neuron firing total number of neurons triggered Proximal stimulus qualities are also coded Specificity theory (Hermann Müller) different sensory qualities are signaled by different neurons describes qualitative differences within a sensory modality (labeled lines) Sensory coding is often best described by pattern theory. Certain sensory qualities arise because of different patterns of activation across a whole set of neurons. T. M. D'Zmura 31
32 Kinesthesis The name for sensations from receptors in the muscles, tendons and joints that inform us of our skeletal position and movement Vestibular Sense The vestibular sense signals movements of the head helps us know which way is up and which is down The receptors for the vestibular sense are in the semicircular canals in the inner ear. T. M. D'Zmura 32
33 Skin Senses The skin senses include several distinct subsystems. produce feelings of pressure, temperature, and pain Different types of receptors examples: one type fires when the temperature rises; another type fires in response to a drop in skin temperature T. M. D'Zmura 33
34 Pain Pain depends on receptors responding to various forms of tissue damage and temperature extremes. A-fibers: respond rapidly (myelinated) to provide rapid signaling of tissue damage C-fibers: respond in a slow and sustained fashion (unmyelinated) and responsible for dull aches after injury Also influenced by other mechanisms endorphins (natural internal painkillers) neural circuits gateways blocking the transmission of some signals from the nociceptors T. M. D'Zmura 34
Sensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception Sensation: : Immediate response of the body to stimulation of sensory organs Perception: : Selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input Sensation Immediate Response
Perception Lecture 1
Page 1 Perception Lecture 1 Sensation vs Perception Sensation is detection Perception is interpretation The distal and proximal stimulus Distal stimulus: the object out there in the world (distal=distant).
psychology of visual perception C O M M U N I C A T I O N D E S I G N, A N I M A T E D I M A G E 2014/2015
psychology of visual perception C O M M U N I C A T I O N D E S I G N, A N I M A T E D I M A G E 2014/2015 Lesson #2: Sept. 29 th 2014 Lecture plan: SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES Basic concepts; Sensation;
Myers PSYCHOLOGY. (6th Ed) Chapter 5. Sensation
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 5 Sensation Sensation Sensation a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy Perception a process of organizing and
Sensory Thresholds and Signal Detection. Lecture 13
Sensory Thresholds and Signal Detection Lecture 13 1 Qualities of Sensation Boring (1953) Modality-Specific Vision: Hue, Saturation Audition: Pitch, Timbre Olfaction: Odor Gustation: Flavor Touch: Roughness,
1 Introduction. 1 Early Philosophy of Perception. 1 Early Philosophy of Perception (cont d)
Introduction Sensation and perception The processes by which physical energy impinging on the senses is converted into electrochemical energy by the senses, transmitted to the brain for adaptive interaction
Unit 4: Sensation and Perception
Unit 4: Sensation and Perception Sensation a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus (or physical) energy and encode it as neural signals. Perception a
Introduction to Sensation and Perception
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Worth Publishers, 2007 1 Introduction to Sensation and Perception Module 12 2 Sensation Sensing the World: Some Basic Principles Threshold
Stimulus any aspect of or change in the environment to which an organism responds. Sensation what occurs when a stimulus activates a receptor
Chapter 8 Sensation and Perception Sec 1: Sensation Stimulus any aspect of or change in the environment to which an organism responds Sensation what occurs when a stimulus activates a receptor Perception
Psychophysics & a brief intro to the nervous system
Psychophysics & a brief intro to the nervous system Jonathan Pillow Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Princeton University, Fall 2017 Lec. 3 Outline for today: psychophysics Weber-Fechner Law Signal Detection
7. Sharp perception or vision 8. The process of transferring genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
1. A particular shade of a given color 2. How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time 3. Process in which the sense organs' receptor cells are stimulated and relay initial information to higher
The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect. absolute threshold. Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information.
absolute threshold The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect accommodation Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information. acuity Sharp perception or vision audition
d). Draw the following neural circuits (using the notation taught in class) and then say what would happen if they were stimulated as specified.
1. The neuropsychology of perception. a). Describe the process in which a neural impulse travel down one axon, making sure to specify chemical substances involved and how that affects the charge within
Experimental Psychology PSY 433. Appendix A Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch
Experimental Psychology PSY 433 Appendix A Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch Origins in Philosophy Mind-body problem are the mind and body the same or different? If they are different substances,
A. Acuity B. Adaptation C. Awareness D. Reception E. Overload
Unit 4 Review #1 The longer an individual is exposed to a strong odor, the less aware of the odor the individual becomes. This phenomenon is known as sensory A. Acuity B. Adaptation C. Awareness D. Reception
Categorical Perception
Categorical Perception Discrimination for some speech contrasts is poor within phonetic categories and good between categories. Unusual, not found for most perceptual contrasts. Influenced by task, expectations,
Sensation and Perception
Instructor s Manual and Test Bank for Foley and Matlin Sensation and Perception Fifth Edition prepared by Rebecca L. Johnson Skidmore College Allyn & Bacon Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco
Definition Slides. Sensation. Perception. Bottom-up processing. Selective attention. Top-down processing 11/3/2013
Definition Slides Sensation = the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception = the process of organizing and interpreting
Chapter 5 Test Review. Try the practice questions in the Study Guide and on line
Chapter 5 Test Review Try the practice questions in the Study Guide and on line Printing game plan Put six slides on a page Select pure black and white as the printing option Okay, now wade into the answers>>>>
Three methods for measuring perception. Magnitude estimation. Steven s power law. P = k S n
Three methods for measuring perception 1. Magnitude estimation 2. Matching 3. Detection/discrimination Magnitude estimation Have subject rate (e.g., 1-10) some aspect of a stimulus (e.g., how bright it
= add definition here. Definition Slide
= add definition here Definition Slide Definition Slides Sensation = the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception
Introduction. Chapter The Perceptual Process
Chapter 1 Introduction Most of us take for granted our ability to perceive the external world. However, this is no simple deed at all. Imagine being given a task of designing a machine that can perceive,
Chapter 1 Introduction. Welcome to Our World Thresholds and the Dawn of Psychophysics Sensory Neuroscience and the Biology of Perception
1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Welcome to Our World Thresholds and the Dawn of Psychophysics Sensory Neuroscience and the Biology of Perception Introduction What do we mean by Sensation & Perception?
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Sensation and Perception Sensation The process by which our sense organs receive information from the environment Perception The sorting out, interpretation, analysis,
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 6 Psychophysics Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
Lecturer: Rob van der Willigen 11/9/08
Auditory Perception - Detection versus Discrimination - Localization versus Discrimination - - Electrophysiological Measurements Psychophysical Measurements Three Approaches to Researching Audition physiology
Lecturer: Rob van der Willigen 11/9/08
Auditory Perception - Detection versus Discrimination - Localization versus Discrimination - Electrophysiological Measurements - Psychophysical Measurements 1 Three Approaches to Researching Audition physiology
Unit IV Sensation Perception
Unit IV Sensation Perception Module 16: Basic Principles of Sensation and Perception Module 17: Influences of Perception Module 18: Vision Module 19: Visual Organization and Interpretation Module 20: Hearing
PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since 1600
PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since 1600 Dr. Peter Assmann Spring 2019 Franz Gall (1758-1828) Gall postulated that the cerebral cortex serves the highest
Sensation and Perception. 8.2 The Senses
Sensation and Perception 8.2 The Senses I. Introduction A. You probably think that you have just five senses: vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. In addition, people have two more internal senses:
The Origins of Knowledge. Introduction 2/2/2009. Chapter 4: Sensation
Chapter 4: Sensation 1 Introduction To survive we must know the world around us because most objects in the world are charged with meaning. So Where does knowledge come from? The simple answer is through
Sensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception Sensation & Perception The interplay between the external world, physiological systems, and psychological experience How the external world makes impressions on our nervous system
ID# Final Exam PS325, Fall 1997
ID# Final Exam PS325, Fall 1997 Good luck on this exam. Answer each question carefully and completely. Keep your eyes foveated on your own exam, as the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect (as always). Have
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception
Test Bank Chapter 2 1. The Scoville scale measures: a. Any psychophysical measure of sensitivity *b. The amount of capsaicin in food c. The strength of auditory amplitude d. The number of caffeine molecules
The Developing Viewpoints
Chapter 2 The Developing Viewpoints The Developing Viewpoints In the second chapter of the book From Skinner to Rogers; Contrasting Approaches to Education by Frank Milhollan and Bill E. Forisha, the authors
Introduction. Visual Perception Aditi Majumder, UCI. Perception is taken for granted!
Introduction Visual Perception Perception is taken for granted! Slide 2 1 Perception is very complex Perceive Locate Identify/Recognize Different objects Their relationship with each other Qualitative
Sensation and Perception: How the World Enters the Mind
Sensation and Perception: How the World Enters the Mind Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2007 Sensation and Perception Sensation The awareness of properties of an object or event when a sensory receptor is stimulated
Psychology Chapter 4. Sensation and Perception. Most amazing introduction ever!! Turn to page 77 and prepare to be amazed!
Psychology Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception Most amazing introduction ever!! Turn to page 77 and prepare to be amazed! Chapter 4 Section 1 EQ: Distinguish between sensation and perception, and explain
Research methods in sensation and perception. (and the princess and the pea)
Research methods in sensation and perception (and the princess and the pea) Sensory Thresholds We can measure stuff in the world like pressure, sound, light, etc. We can't easily measure your psychological
Mr. Silimperi Council Rock High School South Chapter 5 Sensation Sensation II
Mr. Silimperi Council Rock High School South AP Psychology Name: Date: Chapter 5 Sensation Sensation II Psychophysics study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological
Myers Psychology for AP*
Myers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010 *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which
Biological Psychology. Unit Two AD Mr. Cline Marshall High School Psychology
Biological Psychology Unit Two AD Mr. Cline Marshall High School Psychology Sensory and Perception Though each sense works a little differently to do this, psychologists have developed principles to describe
Fundamentals of Psychophysics
Fundamentals of Psychophysics John Greenwood Department of Experimental Psychology!! NEUR3045! Contact: john.greenwood@ucl.ac.uk 1 Visual neuroscience physiology stimulus How do we see the world? neuroimaging
Sleep and Dreams. Sleep and Dreams. Brain Waves and Sleep Stages Typical Nightly Sleep Stages. Chapter 7 States of Consciousness
Chapter 7 States of Consciousness States of Consciousness Consciousness our awareness of ourselves and our environments Fantasy Prone Personality imagines and recalls experiences with lifelike vividness
c. finding it difficult to maintain your balance when you have an ear infection
Sensory and Perception Quiz- Reynolds Fall 2015 1. The inner ear contains receptors for: a. audition and kinesthesis. b. kinesthesis and the vestibular sense. c. audition and the vestibular sense. d. audition,
SENSES: VISION. Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014
SENSES: VISION Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014 Sensation versus Perception Top-Down Processing (Perception) Cerebral cortex/ Association Areas Expectations Experiences Memories Schemas Anticipation
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION KEY TERMS
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION KEY TERMS BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING refers to processing sensory information as it is coming in. In other words, if I flash a random picture on the screen, your
ID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2003
ID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2003 As always, the Honor Code is in effect and you ll need to write the code and sign it at the end of the exam. Read each question carefully and answer it completely. Although
Sensation Outline Chapter 5, Psychology, David G Meyers, 7 th Edition
Sensation Outline Chapter 5, Psychology, David G Meyers, 7 th Edition Sensation the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
Outline. The ear and perception of sound (Psychoacoustics) A.1 Outer Ear Amplifies Sound. Introduction
The ear and perception of sound (Psychoacoustics) 1 Outline A. Structure of the Ear B. Perception of Pitch C. Perception of Loudness D. Timbre (quality of sound) E. References Updated 01Aug0 Introduction
Sensation Sensation bottom-down processing Perception top-down processing Psychophysics absolute threshold signal detection theory subliminal
1 Sensation To represent the world in our heads we must detect physical energy from the environment and encode it as neural signals (sensation) and we must select, organize and interpret our sensations
The Perceptual Experience
Dikran J. Martin Introduction to Psychology Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception Pages: 35 TEXT: Lefton, Lester A. and Brannon, Linda (2003). PSYCHOLOGY. (Eighth Edition.) Needham
Two Sides of the Coin. Lecture Preview. Is this an illusion? Why? Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding 2/e
Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding 2/e Scott O. Lilienfeld Steven Jay Lynn Laura Namy Nancy J. Woolf Chapter Four Sensation and Perception: How We Sense & Conceptualize the World Prepared by Caleb
Dikran J. Martin. Psychology 110. Name: Date: Making Contact with the World around Us. Principal Features
Dikran J. Martin Psychology 110 Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception: Pages: 31 Making Contact with the World around Us TEXT: Baron, Robert A. (2001). Psychology (Fifth Edition).
NERVOUS SYSTEM & SENSES TEACHER COPY
NERVOUS SYSTEM & SENSES TEACHER COPY FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM What are the three functions of the Nervous System? 1. Receives information about what is happening inside and outside of your body
Unit 4 Practice. PSYCHOLOGY SECTION I Time-- Minutes Questions, Unit 4 Practice/Quiz
PSYCHOLOGY SECTION I Time-- Minutes Questions, Unit 4 Practice/Quiz Unit 4 Practice Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions.
l3;~~?~~~,'0~'~~t~t:~:~~~~~~~~~~!,1
112 Sensation and Perception Line A should look longer, even though both lines are actually the same length. People who come from noncarpentered cultures that do not use right angles and corners often
Review Sheet: Sensation and Perception (6-8%) Sensation. Date Period. 1) sensation. 2) perception. 3) bottom-up processing. 4) top-down processing
Name Ms. Gabriel/Mr. McManus Date Period AP Psychology Review Sheet: Sensation and Perception (6-8%) Sensation 1) sensation 2) perception 3) bottom-up processing 4) top-down processing Thresholds 5) psychophysics
ID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2009
ID# Exam 2 PS 325, Fall 2009 As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect. At the end of the exam, I ll have you write and sign something to attest to that fact. The exam should contain no surprises,
Sensing and Perceiving Our World
PSYCHOLOGY: Perspectives & Connections 2 nd Edition GREGORY J. FEIST ERIKA L. ROSENBERG Sensing and Perceiving Our World Chapter Four Chapter Preview The Long Strange Trip From Sensation to Perception
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION CHAPTER 5 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe transduction, sensation, and perception for the following sensory systems: Vision Audition (hearing) Skin and body Touch Pain Chemical
Sensation and Perception
1 Sensation and Perception DR. ARNEL BANAGA SALGADO, Doctor of Psychology (USA) FPM (Ph.D.) Psychology (India) Doctor of Education (Phl) Master of Arts in Nursing (Phl) Master of Arts in Teaching Psychology
Psych 401: Exam 1 Review. Be familiar with the role of philosophy and physiology in the development of psychology
Psych 401: Exam 1 Review Below are major points to know for your exam. Exam questions will come from both lecture and the text book (Chapters 1-4). There will likely be an essay question related to the
Sensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception Sensation & Perception The interplay between the external world, physiological systems, and psychological experience How the external world makes impressions on our nervous system
Sensation Chapter 46
Sensation Chapter 46 Natasha McDougal and Kaleb Hood Background and Purpose Nerve impulses occur because of a change in action potential Graded potentials in the dendrites and cell body can have either
Psychophysical laws. Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 )
Psychophysical laws Legge di Weber: ΔS=K*S Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 ) Sensory receptors Vision Smell Taste Touch Thermal senses Pain Hearing Balance Proprioception Sensory receptors Table 21-1 Classification
SMELL 2
SENSORY SYSTEMS 1 SMELL 2 TASTE 3 HEARING 4 TOUCH EQUILIBRIUM 5 PAIN 6 OTHER SENSES 7 HOW DO SENSORY CELLS CONVERT STIMULI INTO ACTION POTENTIALS? HOW DO SENSORY SYSTEMS DETECT CHEMICAL STIMULI? HOW DO
Coding of Sensory Information
Coding of Sensory Information 22 November, 2016 Touqeer Ahmed PhD Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences and Technology Sensory Systems Mediate Four Attributes of
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Functions of the Nervous System nervous system stimulus response Neuron structure and function neurons nerve impulses dendrite
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Functions of the Nervous System The nervous system is a network of communication used by body parts to maintain homeostasis and bodily functions. The nervous system gathers information
Hearing. and other senses
Hearing and other senses Sound Sound: sensed variations in air pressure Frequency: number of peaks that pass a point per second (Hz) Pitch 2 Some Sound and Hearing Links Useful (and moderately entertaining)
Outline. 4. The Ear and the Perception of Sound (Psychoacoustics) A.1 Outer Ear Amplifies Sound. Introduction
4. The Ear and the Perception of Sound (Psychoacoustics) 1 Outline A. Structure of the Ear B. Perception of Loudness C. Perception of Pitch D. References Updated May 13, 01 Introduction 3 A. The Structure
211MDS Pain theories
211MDS Pain theories Definition In 1986, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defined pain as a sensory and emotional experience associated with real or potential injuries, or described
Practice Test Questions
Practice Test Questions Multiple Choice 1. Which term is most descriptive of the process of sensation? a. transportation c. selection b. interpretation d. transduction 2. Which terms are most descriptive
Sensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception 1 Chapters 4 of the required textbook Introduction to Psychology International Edition bv James Kalat (2010) 9 th Edition EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter,
3. Sensory and Perception
3. Sensory and Perception Now we will discuss the topics of sensation and perception. This section will cover the different perceptual processes as well as its development. It will also cover the components
Somatic Sensation (MCB160 Lecture by Mu-ming Poo, Friday March 9, 2007)
Somatic Sensation (MCB160 Lecture by Mu-ming Poo, Friday March 9, 2007) Introduction Adrian s work on sensory coding Spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia Four somatic sense modalities Touch Mechanoreceptors
Psychology of Perception Psychology 4165, Spring 2016 Laboratory 2: Perception of Loudness
Psychology 4165, Laboratory 2: Perception of Loudness Linear-Linear Linear-Linear 0.002 0.005 0.020 0.050 0.200 0.500 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 0.002 0.005 0.020 0.050 0.200 0.500 Lab Overview Loudness is a
IV: Visual Organization and Interpretation
Module 19 IV: Visual Organization and Interpretation Describe Gestalt psychologists understanding of perceptual organization, and explain how figure-ground and grouping principles contribute to our perceptions
PROGRESS TEST 1. Multiple-Choice Questions. a. wavelength; loudness b. amplitude; loudness c. wavelength; intensity d. amplitude; intensity
136 Chapter 5 Sensation The receptors for this sense are located in the and --------------~ --------------~ of the inner ear. PROGRESS TEST 1 Multiple-Choice Questions Circle your answers to the following
Sensation is the conscious experience associated with an environmental stimulus. It is the acquisition of raw information by the body s sense organs
Sensation is the conscious experience associated with an environmental stimulus. It is the acquisition of raw information by the body s sense organs Perception is the conscious experience of things and
Introduction to Sensation
Introduction to Sensation Learning Targets 1. Contrast sensation & perception. 2. Distinguish between absolute and difference thresholds. ---- Explain Weber s Law Sensation vs. Perception Sensation: our
Myers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010
Myers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010 *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which
Thresholds for different mammals
Loudness Thresholds for different mammals 8 7 What s the first thing you d want to know? threshold (db SPL) 6 5 4 3 2 1 hum an poodle m ouse threshold Note bowl shape -1 1 1 1 1 frequency (Hz) Sivian &
Psychology Perception
Psychology 343 - Perception James R. Sawusch, 360 Park Hall jsawusch@buffalo.edu 645-0238 TA is Timothy Pruitt, 312 Park tapruitt@buffalo.edu Text is Sensation & Perception by Goldstein (8th edition) PSY
Sensory Processes Sensory Systems
9 th Lecture (9b) Wed 04 Feb 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Sensory Processing Chapter 13 1 Sensory Processes Sensory Systems
Sensory Processes Sensory Systems
9 th Lecture (9b) Wed 04 Feb 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Sensory Processes Sensory Systems Ch13 in your text Sensory Processing
Sensa:on vs. Percep:on
Chapter 4: Sensa:on & Percep:on Sensa:on vs. Percep:on Sensa&on the detec:on of physical energy by the sense organs Percep&on the brain s sor:ng out, interpreta:on, and analysis of raw sensory inputs (s&mulus)
Study Guide Chapter 5
Name: Date: 1. Superman's eyes used, while his brain used. A) perception; sensation B) top-down processing; bottom-up processing C) bottom-up processing; top-down processing D) sensory adaptation; subliminal
Psychology of Perception Psychology 4165, Spring 2003 Laboratory 1 Weight Discrimination
Psychology 4165, Laboratory 1 Weight Discrimination Weight Discrimination Performance Probability of "Heavier" Response 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 Weight of Test Stimulus (grams)
Methods in Perception. Qualitative Methods in Perception. Qualitative Observation. Methods in Perception Research
Methods in Perception Methods in Perception Research Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Sensory Perception Qualitative: Getting the big picture. Quantitative: Understanding the details Threshold-seeking methods
PSY 310: Sensory and Perceptual Processes 1
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 33 Why is the Braille system better? Vision and audition involve perception of objects from a distance Safe and dependent on the transfer of energy (light, air pressure)
Methods in Perception Research. Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Sensory Perception
Methods in Perception Research Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Sensory Perception 1 Methods in Perception Qualitative: Getting the big picture. Quantitative: Understanding the details Threshold-seeking methods
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 33. Touch perception
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 33 Why is the Braille system better? Touch perception Vision and audition involve perception of objects from a distance Safe and dependent on the transfer of energy (light,
Unit 4 REVIEW. Name: Date:
Name: Date: 1. Kinesthesis refers to the A) process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. B) diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. C) quivering eye movements that enable the retina
SENSATION & PERCEPTION
SENSATION & PERCEPTION Sensation and perception result from a symphony of sensory receptors and the neurons those receptors communicate with. The receptors and neurons fire in different combinations and
Pain. Pain. Pain: One definition. Pain: One definition. Pain: One definition. Pain: One definition. Psyc 2906: Sensation--Introduction 9/27/2006
Pain Pain Pain: One Definition Classic Paths A new Theory Pain and Drugs According to the international Association for the Study (Merskey & Bogduk, 1994), Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
Sensory Pathways & Somatic Nervous System. Chapter 15
Sensory Pathways & Somatic Nervous System Chapter 15 How Does Brain Differentiate Sensations? Pain impulses make brain aware of injuries and infections. Impulses from eye, ear, nose and tongue make brain
Sound Waves. Sensation and Perception. Sound Waves. Sound Waves. Sound Waves
Sensation and Perception Part 3 - Hearing Sound comes from pressure waves in a medium (e.g., solid, liquid, gas). Although we usually hear sounds in air, as long as the medium is there to transmit the
Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Sensory System Sensory information Conscious sensations Unconscious sensations Sensory processing Transferring stimulus energy into a graded potential
Presentation On SENSATION. Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur
Presentation On SENSATION Prof- Mrs.Kuldeep Kaur INTRODUCTION:- Sensation is a specialty area within Psychology that works at understanding how are senses work and how we perceive stimuli in the environment.