IDENTIFICATION OF WORK RELATED- PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH BEHAVIOUR FACTORS AFFECTING AMONG THE CONSTRUCTION WORKERS HEALTH AND WORK PROGRESS

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1 International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 9, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2018, pp , Article ID: IJARET_09_05_002 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication IDENTIFICATION OF WORK RELATED- PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH BEHAVIOUR FACTORS AFFECTING AMONG THE CONSTRUCTION WORKERS HEALTH AND WORK PROGRESS K. Gunasekaran Research Scholar, Department of Structural Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India Dr. S. Kamal Assistant Professor, Department of Structural Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, (Deputed) University College of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, India ABSTRACT The construction industry are one of the large sector and back bone of the infrastructure in our nation. The construction work place suffered the work related psychological health behaviour factors affecting in the construction workers health and work progress. The work related psychological health behaviour factors have significantly higher levels among construction workers health either directly nor indirectly. The construction industry must be provided the basic needs which have expected to satisfy their construction workers demands on basic amenities, communication and response from firm, and dependency. However, the construction workers often affected and influenced a lot in work place psychological issues directly or indirectly. The affecting of work related psychological health behaviour factors which results in de motivate among the workers, Negative way of improvement on productivity of the construction project and Reduces in the way of construction workers efficiency. In this study 150 workers were personally interviewed in various location and various ongoing projects in TamilNadu state, India. Study was done through structured questionnaire survey methods. Consequently, the collected responses were analysed to find relatively important index (RII).This study accomplish that several critical work related psychological health behaviour factors have affecting the construction workers health and work progress like psychological behaviour, organization behaviour, safety behaviour and environment behaviour. Keywords: Construction Worker, Workers Health, Work Progress, Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour editor@iaeme.com

2 Identification of Work Related-Psychological Health Behaviour Factors Affecting Among The Construction Workers Health and Work Progress Cite this Article: K. Gunasekaran and Dr. S. Kamal, Identification of Work Related- Psychological Health Behaviour Factors Affecting Among The Construction Workers Health and Work Progress. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION The construction industry in past two decades was affecting work related psychological health behaviour factors among the construction workers health and work progress. In India, the construction industries were facing and challenge of the construction workers health and work progress of outcome sources, which also influencing and affect the work related psychological health behaviour factors. From the psychological behaviour, organization behaviour, safety behaviour and environmental behaviour, this is accompanied by changes in physical and mental capacities of construction workers. Research suggests the work related psychological health behaviour factors in the work place contribute to health risk causes of accident and sever injuries. Construction workers are involved over night work in without rest time at the site in workplace. These factors was affected directly workers health in the workplace of construction industry, workers health and work progress improvement are becoming the important role of the construction industry. Work related psychological factors have argued that work related psychological needs to act important role in the construction works, in order to prevent the construction accident, illness, injury, workers health and improve the work progress. Work related occupational health psychological factors can help to improving the quality of work progress, and to prevent workers health and safety life, well being of construction workers in the construction workplace. Some researchers fear that placing an emphasis on individual workers behaviours outside of construction work develop an environment conducive to management discriminating against their workers who suffer from health problems (Khatri et al 2009). For example, discrimination against obese construction workers and management with mental health problems is quite common (Roehling et al 2007). 2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Griffiths (1999) says many health improvement programs tend to omit organizational health behaviour factors from consideration when creating programs and many health protection and prevent programs from an organizational frame work tend omit workers health behaviour outside of the workplace. According to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2013), says the most effective health and safety improvements programs combine both work related factors and health factors beyond the construction workplace. The high rates of obesity worldwide are caused for concern because obesity is linked to more unfavourable health outcomes. According to the Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention (2012), overweight and obese individuals are at an increased risk for several health problems like heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, sleep disorders, hypertension and stroke. OECD (2012) says workers are spending more time at work in work place, as organisations compete to stay profitable in a globalized economy. As per survey report has significant of Mexico tops of the list in spending more time at work in work place, with Mexicans workers spending 2250 average annual hours of work per persons. Recently OECD-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has taken surpassing South Korea at 2193 average annual hours of work per persons. In comparison of U.S workers average 1787 annual hours and Dutch logged the least amount of working hours per persons, averaging 1379 hours of annual work. The United Kingdom averaged 1625 hours of annual work per person, ranking 12 editor@iaeme.com

3 K. Gunasekaran and Dr. S. Kamal 23 rd among 32 nations surveyed conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Alless (2013) says work related illnesses, sick building syndrome (SBS) and allergy and environmental problems in buildings can have direct and indirect impact on health, workplace comfort and productivity of the occupants. Work related illness and stresses can be caused by a number of factors individually or a combination of their synergistic effects. For example, biological health behaviour factors, physical health behaviour factors, organizational health behaviour factors, management health behaviour factors, Psychological and psychosomatic health behaviour factors. To ensure health and comfort in the workplace, employers have seek advice and guidance on environmental design, control and maintenance-assess and monitor the environment monitor air and water quality control, to ensure that building services are adequately designed and reviewed to carry out regular assessment of biological contaminates and environmental performance including efficiency assessments. Balkrishna and Adsul (2011) say construction sectors are a booming industry and involve many hazardous activities. Migrant labour in the industry is susceptible to various health and occupational hazards. In a unique public-private partnerships project, a medical team from a public sector teaching hospital in Mumbai provided comprehensive on site health care services to the construction workers of a private construction company. The result of this study can be extrapolated to other construction sites employing the migrant workers. The benefits to the construction company are to have a healthy workforce to achieve its targets and goals of the project as well as opting for the occupational health and safety assessment series certificationalavinia (2008): Says productivity loss in the workforce. Associations with health, work demands, and individual characterises. Decreased productivity at work is an important consequence of the presence of health problems at work. The study population consist of 2252 workers in 24 different compares in the Netherlands in (response 56 % ) selfreported loss of productivity on the workday was measured on 10 point numerical rating scale by the quantity and quality method. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between work demands, health problems, individual characteristics, and life style factors with the occurrence of productivity loss, productivity losses at work frequently occur due to health problems and subsequently impairment, and lack of control over the pace and planning to work. This will substantially contribute among workers. Wiles et al (2006) found that 4.4% of the U.K. population suffers from mental health problems. Importantly, poor mental health is associated with several negative outcomes, which can impact an individual s well-being. Complications associated with poor mental health can include unhappiness, decreased enjoyment of life, social conflicts, self-harm or harm to others, weakened immune system, heart disease, and other medical conditions (Mayo Clinic, 2012). Risk factors for mental illness can include having a biological relative with a mental illness, experiences in the womb, experiencing stressful life events, use of drugs, and having a lack of social support (Mayo Clinic, 2012). The World Health Organization (2001) says the estimates that approximately 450 million people worldwide had suffered from a mental health problem. Mental health disorders vary by country, but are a particular problem for the U.S. According to the World Mental Health Consortium Survey (2004), the U.S. suffers from the highest rates of anxiety and mood disorders among 14 countries surveyed. The U.S. rates of anxiety disorders are 18.2% and 9.6% for mood disorders. Not far behind the U.S. in anxiety and mood disorders are France (12%; 8.5%) and Lebanon (11.2%; 6.6%). In contrast, the countries with the lowest rates of anxiety and moods disorders are China (2.4%) and Japan (5.3%). Pronsky (2000) says the outcomes of treatment for work related injuries and illness are multidimensional and complex but have rarely been explored in detail. This study was intended 13 editor@iaeme.com

4 Identification of Work Related-Psychological Health Behaviour Factors Affecting Among The Construction Workers Health and Work Progress to provide information on a sample of workers representing a range of jobs and employers typical of the range of jobs and employers typical of the workers compensation system. A mailed, self-report survey measuring multiple dimensions was conducted. Identified through the new Hampshire divisions of the workers compensation first report of injury database, a sample of workers with injuries to their lower back (60%) or upper extremities (40%) a year prior to the study were surveyed. The response rate was 80% (N=169: upper extremity cases = 70%: Low back cases =99).Most (82.8%) were working one year post injury over half reported residual effects if the injury on work or activities of daily livings. Many working subjects reported persistent injury-related anxiety and pain at the end of the workday, worse in those with upper extremity injuries. Almost 40% of those who returned to work suffered an injury. Forty-Four percent of respondents suffered significant injury-related financial problems, which were worse in those who had been out of work for musculoskeletal injuries; do result in significant, long term adverse physical, economic, and psychological consequences, as demonstrated in self reported surveys. 3. WORK RELATED PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH BEHAVIOUR FACTORS OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS: There are many different psychological health behaviour factors in a construction workers environment that may be perceived as a threat and lead to stress. Therefore, it is important to identify specific threats and stressors in an individual s environment in order to help reduce and remove a potential stressor from the workplace. It is necessary to go beyond a general framework for stress and investigate how the environment that a person spends most of their waking life in (work) can affect health and well-being. Specifically, the investigation of how hazards in the workplace affect employee stress levels is important for several reasons. First, the ability for organizations to identify and remove workplace hazards can have a large impact on employee health and well-being. Further, healthy employees tend to incur less health care costs for employers and healthy employees also tend to be more productive (CDC, 2011). The workers engaged in this industry are victims of different occupational disorders, and psychological stresses. However, data in respect to occupational health and psychological stress are scanty in our country. It is true that a sizable numbers of the workforce is form the unorganized sectors; the working hours are more than the stipulated hours of work, the workplace is not proper and the working conditions are non-congenital in most of the cases and involve risk factors. The hazards include handling of different materials required environmental conditions. They are victims of headache, backache, joint pain, skin disease, lung disorders like silicosis, and other muscular skeletal disorders and so on. 4. WORK RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH ISSUES AFFECTED WORKERS HEALTH AND WORK PROGRESS: Workplace hazards can affect both psychological and physical health (WHO, 2001). Given that both psychosocial and physical workplace hazards can affect an individual s health it is important to point out that most studies examining the hazards stress- health relationship have omitted physical work hazards (Cox, 1993). Importantly, the psychological effects of physical hazards can be as harmful as the direct physical harm that a hazardous chemical can have on the human body. An employee may be aware, suspect, or fear that they are being exposed to a harmful hazard, which can induce psychological stress (Cox, 1993). For example, exposure to harmful fumes may have a psychological effect on a worker through the direct effects on the brain, as a result of the unpleasant smell of fumes and through the workers fear that such exposure may be harmful (Cox, 1993). Therefore, occupational stress and health outcomes can be focused on 2 main areas; stress and health outcomes associated with physical workplace 14 editor@iaeme.com

5 K. Gunasekaran and Dr. S. Kamal hazards and the stress and health outcomes associated with exposure to psychosocial workplace hazards. The assessment of the non-ancient work-related health burden is rather complicated. The national recognition systems for occupational diseases are at least indirectly linked to social security systems and they differ much more than the national data collection systems for accident at works. On the other hand, surveys assessing work-related health problems can be performed in a harmonized way, but they need to rely on the respondent s own assessment concerning the work-related causality of the health problem. 5. METHODOLOGY Sample size and sampling technique: The study is based on a sample size of 150 respondents. Survey was conducted through a questionnaire and the personally interviewed among the construction workers in various locations and various projects. The study was conducted in various location of construction stakeholders involved in the construction projects of TamilNadu sectors. The study is based on the following title i) Critical factors of the workers towards physiological behaviour ii) Critical factors of the workers towards Organization behaviour iii) Critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviour iv) Critical factors of the workers towards Environment behaviour. Instruments and Measures: The questionnaire contained two sections: The first section have collected the demographic details of the respondents. In the second section have completed primary sources of data collected with questionnaire survey with the 5- point likert scale. Respondents were requested to indicate which psychological factors they considered to have significant influencing the effects among them. The questionnaire adopted a 5-point likert scale ranging from 5 Most satisfied to 1-Not Satisfied. The data analysis was carried out using Relative Importance Index (RII) as a basis for analysis. The following equation (1) is to adopted to evaluated RII for psychological factors among the construction workers. Relative Important Index 01..1) Where: W-is the weight given to each factor by the respondents and ranges from 1-5 (Where 1 is not satisfy and 5 is excellent) A-is the highest weight (i.e. 5 in this cased) and N-is total number of respondents 6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION AGE 34% 14% 2% 12% 38% Figure 1 Age Vs Demographical details 15 editor@iaeme.com

6 Identification of Work Related-Psychological Health Behaviour Factors Affecting Among The Construction Workers Health and Work Progress The Age Vs Demographical details of the respondents are shown in Figure 1. Shown it is found that 38% of the respondents are in-between age groups of and the following factors such as the next stage of 34% of the respondents are in between the age groups of 31-40, 14% of the respondents are in between the age groups of 41-50, 12% of the respondents are in between the age groups of and the final stage of respondents are in between the age groups of Figure 2. Gender Vs Demographical details The Gender Vs Demographical details of the respondents are shown in Figure 2. From the figure it is found that 99% of the respondents are male and 1% of the respondents are female. Figure 3 Education Vs Demographical details The Education Vs Demographical details of the respondents are shown in Figure 3. From the figure on the whole 40% of the respondents are illiterate, 47% of the respondents are higher secondary education, 1% of the respondents are ITI holders, 3% of the respondents are diploma holders and the remaining 1% of the respondents is engineering persons editor@iaeme.com

7 K. Gunasekaran and Dr. S. Kamal Figure 4 Years of Experience Vs Demographical details The Years of Experience Vs Demographical details of the respondents are shown in Figure 3. From the table it is found that 52% of the respondents are the year of experience in between 6-10 and the following factors such as 20% of the respondents are the year of experience in between and 10% of the respondents are the year of experience in between and 9% of the respondents are the year of experience in between and 1-5. Figure 5 Living with Family Vs Demographical details. The livings with family Vs Demographical details of the respondents are shown in Figure 5. From the figure it is found that 45% of the respondents are says yes and the following remaining 55% of the respondents are says no in the living with family. Table 1 Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors in Group-I Sl.No Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors RII Rank Group-I Critical factors of the workers towards psychological behaviour 1 Are you satisfied with the salary is given by the company Are delay to get your salary Do you feel allotted time for the work is sufficient Have you feel boring during the working time If the people assigning you is qualified enough Are you feel freedom at work Did the company provides sufficient increment or bonus on your skills Are you diabetes patient Have you take proper sleeping editor@iaeme.com

8 Identification of Work Related-Psychological Health Behaviour Factors Affecting Among The Construction Workers Health and Work Progress Sl.No Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors RII Rank 10 Are you go through civil-working drawing Are you emotional person Do you feel good behaviours from the your co-workers Whether your family is depended on your salary Are you feel you in lack of training Are you satisfy with your job Are you understanding the supervisors communication easily Are you using safety materials at the time of working From Table 1 Shows the Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors in Group- I. From group-i has been discussed about the Critical Factors of the Workers towards Psychological Behaviour. It has been significant a lot of work related psychological health behaviour factors issues influencing the construction workers. The first objective of the study was to establish the top nine Psychological behaviour factors are affecting in the construction the workers. From the table Rank 1 is obtained the salary (RII=0.65) and the following factors such as Rank 2 is obtained delay to get salary (RII=0.70), Rank 3 is obtained Feel allotted time for the sufficient work, feel boring at the working time and people assigning qualified (RII=0.72), boring during the working time (RII=0.72) consider this question was constructed negative questionnaire to identified the strength of response. Hence the value of this question is obtained low Relative Important Index (RII). However these factors have influence to increase the productivity psychological factors. Rank 6 is obtained Feel freedom at work and another one factors have Rank 6 is obtained the company provides sufficient increment (RII=0.73), Rank 8 is obtained diabetic patient, improper sleeping workers, using computer working persons, and the emotional persons (RII=0.74). Rank 12 is significant having good behaviour workers habitual (RII=0.75), Rank 13 & 14 are significant salary depending family workers (RII=0.76) and lack of training workers (RII=0.78), Rank 15 is significant feel security job persons (RII=0.80), Table 2 Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors in Group-II Sl.No Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors RII Rank Group-II Critical factors of the workers towards Organization behaviour 1 Whether the company is allotted to work at overnight Whether the company provides the travelling facilities to come at site If the supervisors using unnecessary harassment to the workers If the higher officers seen partiality to the workers If the company provides on festival leaves & bonus Whether the company is provided a proper health insurance If there is better understanding between the company and the workers If the supervisors are friendliness to the workers Have the proper training is given to workers by using heavy equipment Any grievance were noted by the company from workers Have you satisfied with the accommodation is given by company Whether proper training programs were conducted by company Whether proper visit is conducted by higher authorities or supervisors Whether the correct and proper motivation is given to workers Regular medical check-up were conducted by the company editor@iaeme.com

9 K. Gunasekaran and Dr. S. Kamal From Table 2 Shows the Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors in Group- II. From Table 2, revealed that the Critical factors of the workers towards organization behaviour, the second objective of the study was to establish the above fifty percent of the organization Factors affecting the workers and below the category. From the table Rank 1 is obtained the factors are the company is allotted to work at overnight work (RII=0.70) and the following factors such as Rank 2 is the company provides the travelling facilities to come at site and supervisors using the unnecessary harassment to worker (RII=0.72), Rank 4 is the higher officers seen partiality to workers and the company provides on festivals leave and bonus (RII=0.73), Rank 6 is the company provided a proper health insurance (RII=0.74), Rank 7 is understanding between workers and company and friendliness to the workers (RII=0.744), and Rank 9 is the proper trained to use heavy equipment, any grievance were noted by the company from workers, accommodation satisfaction and conducted proper training programme (RII=0.796). Table 3 Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors in Group-III Sl.No Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors RII Rank Group-III Critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviour 1 Did you feel providing the scaffolding is strength enough Did the company is assign you based on your interest work Whether your company is strict in safety projector Did you follow the rules and regulation of safety in projector Whether the inspection is taken daily by your supervisors Did the conducting safety meeting often Do they provide sufficient compensation for accident If the safety materials are provide in the construction site From Table 3 Shows the Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors in Group- III. From the table focused that the Critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviour, the third objective of the study was to establish the fifty percent of the organization Factors affecting the workers and below the categories. From the table Rank 1 is obtained feel providing the scaffolding is strength enough (RII=0.80) and the following the critical factors such as the Rank 2 are the company assigned you the based on your interest work and company strictly followed in safety projector (RII=0.81), Rank 4 is follow the rules and regulation of safety in projector (RII=0.83) and Rank 5 is significant the inspection is taken daily by your supervisors (RII=0.84). Table 4 Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors in Group-IV Sl.No Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors RII Rank Group-IV Critical factors of the workers towards Environment behaviour 1 Do you get disturbance due to vibrating from site Did you get proper illumination& ventilation facilities at site Did you feel tolerable noise in your work area Whether the drinking water for the workers is purified Did they given safety causation to an electrical works Are you have sufficient guards to work under various condition From Table 4 Shows the Work Related Psychological Health Behaviour Factors in Group- IV. From the table has considered the Critical factors of the workers towards environment behaviour, The fourth objective of the study was to establish the environmental Factors 19 editor@iaeme.com

10 Identification of Work Related-Psychological Health Behaviour Factors Affecting Among The Construction Workers Health and Work Progress affecting the workers and the categories are, disturbance due to vibrating from site (RII=0.78), feel tolerable noise in your work area (RII=0.81), get proper illumination & ventilation facilities (RII=0.81), the below drinking water for the workers is purified (RII=0.870) and safety causation to an electrical works (RII=0.884). 7. CONCLUSIONS These researches were categorized as the causes of affecting work related psychological health behaviour factors are classified under four groups such as Group-I is critical factors of the workers towards psychological behaviour related factors, Group-II is critical factors of the workers towards organizational behaviour related factors, Group-III is critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviours related factors and Group-IV is critical factors of the workers towards environmental behaviours related factors. The most significant has been considered the critical factors of construction workers were identified such as satisfied with the daily wages, weekly wages, monthly wages, delay to get your salary, feel sufficient work time in the workplace, overcome to boring activities at the working time of workplace, work individuality freedom at working place, company provides sufficient leave, insurance, bonus, drinking water, light, sanitation, accommodation and increment. The second objective of the study was to establish the organization Factors affecting the workers and below the category are overtime works without rest in the workplace in the construction industry, unnecessary harassment and bulling to construction worker suffered in the construction workplace in the construction industry, worst treatment in partiality of construction workers, festival leave and bonus, providing health insurance, understanding between workers and company, friendliness to the workers and trained to use heavy equipment. The above discussed the factors are most important. To be avoided over night work because this factors affecting the health directly. To be encouraged the workers workmanship. The third objective of the study was to establish the organization factors affecting the workers and below the categories feel providing the scaffolding is strength enough, company is assign you based on your interest work, company is strict in safety projector, you follow the rules and regulation of safety in projector. The fourth objective of the study was to establish the environmental factors affecting the workers and the categories are, disturbance due to vibrating from site, feel tolerable noise in your work area, get proper illumination & ventilation facilities, safety causation to an electrical works and the below drinking water for the workers is purified. 8. RECOMMENDATION The following work related health behaviour psychological factors are most important to consider and need to focus on the construction workers psychological behaviour, organization behaviour, safety behaviour and environmental behaviour. In this factors should be controlled to avoid the wastage of materials and mental illness of workers and improve the physical activities. The organisation sectors should be strictly followed the rules and regulations, in this categories functioning to avoid addiction persons, smoking habit persons indirectly. Further, need to encourage the safety rules and regulations implementation in offsite and on site regularly. To avoid aged persons in high level work to control the site accidents. It is an important to provide the health insurance, medical facilities and medical check up periodically. It is considered and encouraged the workers health level. To avoid over night work without rest in the workplace in the construction industry, particularly in this factors to create the lack of sleep disorders. To provide the increment and bonus it is create the job security level

11 K. Gunasekaran and Dr. S. Kamal The following factors are most important factors to consider the critical factors of workers towards psychological behaviours and particularly followed the salary issues because the construction workers fully dependable on the daily wages and weekly wages. The most of the construction workers have expecting without deduction of salary and without delay the payment. In this factors created to unnecessary job satisfaction of the construction workers. To provided shift based work arrangement properly without partiality. This issue has to create suffering the mental illness of the workers side and to reduce the efficiency of working progress outcome sources in construction fields. The construction company has been encourage the workers level and to provide the bonus and increment system properly. To care of worker medical facilities arrangements and to provide regular medical check up and to maintained the workers medical trip sheet record keeping analysed properly. The following work related psychological factors were most important factors to consider the critical factors of workers towards organization behaviours and particularly followed the factors were not encouraging the overnight of work. This factor has affected lack of sleeping and to create the decreased the workers efficiency levels and directly affected the outcome source of the construction productivity. To provide the company bus because some construction site in located outside of town without transport facilities. The transport facility has to use of construction workers to reach the home and site in proper time. The time management is to increase the outcome source of the construction productivity. To control ill treated and harassment to the workers. These factors to create the bad opinion and spoil the company name directly and indirectly. To provide the training programme for how to use the heavy equipment handling very carefully. The unskilled workers has handled heavy equipment machine without training. This factor has to create the accident in construction sectors. To avoid accident and to prevent the human life and increased the construction productivity outcome sources. To considered the critical factors of the workers towards safety behaviour factors properly. To provide the safety materials and to strictly followed the safety rules and regulation.the safety rules and safety material to prevent and reduced the construction site accident. To check proper scaffolding in construction site and maintained the scaffolding materials. To considered the critical factors of the workers towards environment behaviours factors properly. The environmental factor has affected the construction site outcome sources of productivity indirectly. BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Dr.shalini and SaritaBharti, (2013). Physical & Psychological Hazards Faced by Child Labour, Journal of Humanities and Social Science, volume.13. [2] Dr. R. Radhakrishnan, (2013), A study impact of the workers stress among the Tile factory workers International Journal of Scientific and Research, Vol 3. [3] G.Tiwary et al (2013), Psychological stress of the building construction workers, Human biology review (ISSN ) 2(3). [4] Carol Propper and Mary Anne Venables (2013), An assessment of labour s record on health and healthcare, Oxford Review of Economics, [5] Chaturvedi (2012), Health problems among migrant construction workers page no 1-4 [6] B Adsul et al (2012), Health problems among migrant construction workers, page no 1-4. [7] Idirimanna IASD and Jayawardena LNAS (2011) Factors Affecting the Health and safety behaviour of factory workers 11th Global conference on business and economics, editor@iaeme.com

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