Deficits in Attentional Orienting Following Damage to the Perirhinal or Postrhinal Cortices
|
|
- Tabitha Green
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Behavioral Neuroscience Copyright 2004 by the American Psychological Association 2004, Vol. 118, No. 5, /04/$12.00 DOI: / Deficits in Attentional Orienting Following Damage to the Perirhinal or Postrhinal Cortices David J. Bucci and Rebecca D. Burwell Brown University The authors used an associative learning paradigm to assess the effects of perirhinal or postrhinal damage on attentional orienting. Control rats and rats with lesions of either the perirhinal or postrhinal cortex initially displayed high levels of orienting behavior (rearing) to presentations of a light cue. Continued nonreinforced presentations resulted in normal habituation of the response. In addition, orienting reemerged in control rats, indicating increased attentional processing of the cue. This conditioned orienting did not reemerge in rats with either perirhinal or postrhinal lesions, providing direct evidence that the rat perirhinal and postrhinal cortices each play a role in attention. These results are consistent with an emerging view that some structures within the medial temporal lobe have nonmnemonic functions. A growing body of evidence indicates that medial temporal lobe structures, including the hippocampus and surrounding cortical regions, have distinct roles in learning and memory (reviewed in Aggleton & Brown, 1999; Eichenbaum, 2000; Squire & Zola- Morgan, 1991). A related issue is how relevant features of an object or scene are selected from all the available stimuli for further processing by the medial temporal lobe (e.g., for learning or memory). It is likely that associated brain structures are involved in the monitoring of available stimuli for possible relevance to ongoing behavior. Within the medial temporal lobe of the rat, the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices are reasonable candidates for supporting such a function. The postrhinal cortex is closely connected with structures known to be involved in automatic, bottom-up orienting or visuospatial functions. These structures include components of the putative posterior attentional system (Posner & Dehaene, 1994), such as the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus (pulvinar in humans) and the posterior parietal cortex. The posterior parietal and retrosplenial cortices provide substantial cortical input to the postrhinal cortex (Burwell & Amaral, 1998a). Electrophysiological evidence suggests that the postrhinal cortex may indeed be involved in monitoring changes in the environment (Burwell & Hafeman, 2003). As such, postrhinal function may be more consistent with higher level perceptual or attentional orienting processes than memory per se. In contrast, the perirhinal cortex David J. Bucci and Rebecca D. Burwell, Department of Psychology, Brown University. David J. Bucci is now at the Department of Psychology, University of Vermont. This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant F32-MH12426 to David J. Bucci and National Science Foundation Career Award IBN to Rebecca D. Burwell. We thank Matthew R. Sanborn for technical assistance. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Rebecca D. Burwell, Walter S. Hunter Laboratory of Psychology, Brown University, 89 Waterman Street, Providence, RI Rebecca_ Burwell@Brown.edu receives cortical sensory input from all sensory modalities (Burwell & Amaral, 1998a), and behavioral studies implicate this region in mnemonic processing of individual stimuli (Bussey, Duck, Muir, & Aggleton, 2000; Eacott, 1998; Ennaceur & Aggleton, 1997; Kesner, Ravindranathan, Jackson, Giles, & Chiba, 2001; Mumby & Glenn, 2000; Myhrer & Wangen, 1996; Otto & Garruto, 1997; Wiig & Burwell, 1998). The perirhinal cortex, however, also receives a strong, weakly reciprocated, postrhinal afferent (Burwell & Amaral, 1998b). Thus, information processing in the postrhinal cortex might provide a background on which stimuli can be selected for more focused processing by other medial temporal lobe structures, such as the perirhinal cortex. Associative learning paradigms have provided useful approaches for studying the brain mechanisms underlying attentional function (reviewed in Holland, 1997). For example, when a fooddeprived rat is first presented with a visual cue, the attentional orienting response of rearing is observed (unconditioned orienting). If the cue is not followed by reinforcement, the orienting response habituates. Subsequent reinforcement of the visual stimulus results in reemergence of the response (conditioned orienting). This effect is thought to reflect increased attention to the conditioned stimulus (CS; Kaye & Pearce, 1984) and is sensitive to damage to the central nucleus of the amygdala and the posterior parietal cortex (Bucci & Chess, 2003; Gallagher, Graham, & Holland, 1990). Notably, the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices are interconnected with the central nucleus of the amygdala (Pikkarainen & Pitkanen, 2001), and the posterior parietal cortex provides input to the postrhinal cortex (Burwell & Amaral, 1998a). To assess the possible involvement of the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices in attentional orienting, we examined the effects of bilateral lesions of each region on unconditioned and conditioned orienting to a visual stimulus. Subjects Method The subjects were 65 male Long-Evans rats (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) weighing g at the start of the experiment. Rats 1117
2 1118 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS were maintained on a 12-hr light dark cycle with free access to food and water prior to surgery and during recovery. After surgery, rats were allowed to recover for 2 weeks. Following postoperative recovery, rats were placed on a restricted feeding regimen and gradually reduced to 85% of their ad libitum weights. Behavioral training was initiated when all rats had reached the target weight. Weights were maintained at 85% for the remainder of the experiment. Surgery Subjects were brought to a surgical level of anesthesia with halothane gas and secured in a Kopf stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA) in the flat skull position (bregma and lambda level in the horizontal plane). Under aseptic conditions, we made an incision to reveal the skull and retracted the skin laterally. A series of holes were then drilled through the skull above the intended lesion site. Bilateral neurotoxic lesions of the perirhinal or postrhinal cortex were made using ibotenic acid (10 mg/ml; Sigma Chemical, St Louis, MO) dissolved in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer. Ibotenic acid was pressure injected into the brain through a glass pipette (50- m tip). For the postrhinal lesion group (POR, n 19), we angled the pipette at 22 from vertical with the tip oriented rostrally and lowered through the skull at 2.0 mm posterior to lambda. An injection of l was made at each of three dorsal ventral sites at 0.3 mm lateral from the lateral ridge (5.9, 5.5, and 5.2 mm below the skull surface). For the perirhinal lesion group (PER, n 18), injections of l were made at 2.3, 3.3, 4.3, 5.2, 6.4, and 7.1 mm posterior to bregma; 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, and 6.1 mm lateral from the midline; and 8.0, 8.0, 8.0, 7.0, 6.1, and 5.2 mm below the skull surface, respectively. All injections were made at a rate of 33 l/min, and the pipette was left in place for 30 s before and 2 min after each injection. Neurotoxic lesions are known to cause damage to distal areas (Jarrard, 2002; Jarrard & Meldrum, 1993). A major concern in the present study was that adjacent regions might undergo damage that was not readily observable. Thus, the lesions were intentionally small in order to avoid neurotoxic damage to the amygdala, hippocampus, and visual cortex, which could have confounded the results of the study. Our experience is that distributed gross tissue damage effectively disrupts function of the target region while minimizing damage to nontarget areas. Indeed, our previous studies have shown that the extent, or distribution, of the lesion along the rostrocaudal axis is more predictive of efficacy of the lesion than the total area (Bucci, Phillips, & Burwell, 2000). For the sham-lesioned control group (CON, n 11), we anesthetized the rats and drilled holes as above, but we did not make any injections. Another set of control rats (n 10) did not undergo surgery. The behavior of sham-lesioned and unoperated control rats did not differ on any measure during pretraining or conditioning. Therefore, data from the two control groups were combined. Apparatus Behavioral training was conducted in an operant testing environment interfaced with a Pentium 386 microcomputer and controlled by the MED-PC Version 2.1 software package. Custom software written in the Pascal-based, MED-PC notation controlled the behavioral tasks and recorded task events and responses. Experiments were conducted in four cm operant test chambers with modular component aluminum panels in the front and back, Plexiglas side walls and top, and a grid floor. A partially shaded houselight mounted centrally at the top of the front wall provided background lighting. A dimly illuminated food cup was recessed in the center of one end wall. A photobeam mounted inside the recessed food cup permitted automated assessment of food-cup behavior. A 6-W panel light located 5 cm above the recessed food cup provided the visual CS. Each testing chamber was enclosed in a cm sound-attenuating chamber fitted with an exhaust fan that provided air flow to the test chamber and background white noise. Cameras mounted on the back wall of the sound-attenuating chamber provided input to a video cassette recorder used to simultaneously record behavior in all four chambers. Behavioral Procedures Rats were first trained to eat from the food cups. Ten deliveries of two 45-mg food pellets, which served as the unconditioned stimulus throughout the experiment, were delivered at random times within a single 30-min session. All rats then received two daily sessions of pretraining, which consisted of six nonreinforced presentations of the visual stimulus over a 30-min session with an average intertrial interval of 5 min. On each of the six trials per session, the panel light was illuminated for 10 s. Following pretraining, rats received six daily sessions of conditioning during which six light cue presentations per session were immediately followed by delivery of two 45-mg food pellets. Behavioral Observation Two behavioral measures were used in the experiment: rearing (standing on the hind legs without grooming) and conditioned food-cup behavior (head inside recessed food cup) (Bucci, Holland, & Gallagher, 1998; Gallagher et al., 1990; Holland, 1984). For rearing behavior, we made observations prior to and during presentations of the visual CS during pretraining and conditioning. Pre-CS observations were made at 1.25-s intervals during the 5-s period immediately prior to onset of the visual cue. These observations of rearing prior to the presentation of the visual stimulus permitted assessment of spontaneous orienting behavior. CS observations were made at 1.25-s intervals throughout the 10-s CS presentations. The index of response frequency was the percentage of rearing, calculated as the number of times the subject was observed to be rearing divided by the total observations. The observer was unaware of lesion condition when scoring rearing behavior. Food-cup behavior was automatically monitored by the computer, which recorded the amount of time that the photobeam inside the recessed food cup was broken during the 10-s CS presentation. Histological Procedures At the end of behavioral training, subjects were deeply anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal, 100 mg/kg) and transcardially perfused with normal saline and 4% paraformaldehyde, as described previously. After fixation, each brain was removed, postfixed, cryoprotected, and then sectioned coronally at 40 m. We used coronal sections at 240- m intervals for postrhinal lesions and 480- m intervals for perirhinal lesions to assess the amount of tissue damage. Using camera lucida techniques, we identified gross tissue damage as missing tissue, obvious necrosis, or marked thinning of the cortex. For each coronal section, areal measurements included the total area of the target region and the area of the target region that exhibited gross tissue damage. The primary measure of cortical damage, however, was the proportion of sections that exhibited gross tissue damage. Subjects were eliminated if the damage was not bilateral or was not distributed along the rostrocaudal axis. Data Analysis Rearing behavior during CS presentation (unconditioned orienting) was analyzed for each of the pretraining days using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with trial and session as the within-subjects variables and group as the between-subjects variable. Pre-CS rearing (spontaneous orienting) during pretraining was analyzed using the same approach. For the six daily conditioning sessions, we analyzed food-cup behavior, spontaneous rearing and conditioned rearing behavior (condi-
3 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS 1119 tioned orienting) with a repeated measures ANOVA using session as the within-subjects variable and group as the between-subjects variable. All analyses were conducted in SAS Version 8.0. An alpha level of.05 was used for all analyses. Histology Results Five perirhinal-lesioned subjects were excluded because of unilateral sparing of tissue. Thirteen rats remained in the PER group. We excluded 5 postrhinal-lesioned rats from the study because no postrhinal damage was observed or because damage was unilateral, leaving 14 rats in the POR group. In the remaining rats, damage produced by infusions of ibotenic acid into the perirhinal or postrhinal cortex was comparable with that observed in several previous studies (Bucci et al., 2000; Bucci, Saddoris, & Burwell, 2002; Burwell, Saddoris, Bucci, & Wiig, in press). Damage to the perirhinal cortex was apparent on 44% 5% of the sections, and the damage was distributed throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the region (see Figure 1A). Gross tissue damage was apparent in 17% 3% of the surface area of the perirhinal cortex. There was minor unilateral damage to the lateral entorhinal cortex or temporal association cortex on 22% 7% of the sections in 3 rats. Difficulties with the histology for 4 rats in the PER group resulted in missing sections such that fewer sections were available for analysis. These subjects were excluded from the lesion analysis, but the behavioral data were included because there were no behavioral differences between the PER subjects with complete histology and those with missing sections ( p values ranged from p.18 to p.94). In postrhinal-lesioned rats, damage was apparent on 73% 5% of the sections along the rostrocaudal axis (see Figure 1B). Gross tissue damage was apparent in 18% 2% of the surface area of the postrhinal cortex. In four cases there was also slight unilateral damage to medial entorhinal cortex or temporal association cortex on 22% 6% of the sections analyzed in those rats. Figure 1. Perirhinal and postrhinal lesions. Schematics of the largest (gray) and smallest (black) neurotoxic lesions are shown for (A) perirhinal and (B) postrhinal cortices. Arrows indicate cytoarchitectonic boundaries. LEA lateral entorhinal cortex; MEA medial entorhinal cortex; PER perirhinal cortex; Pir piriform cortex; POR postrhinal cortex; Te v temporal cortex; VISl lateral visual association cortex.
4 1120 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS The mean percentage of tissue sections damaged was substantial in each lesion group. The surface area of damage, however, was relatively small. Post hoc correlational analyses of the lesions of subjects with adequate histology showed marginally significant negative correlations between the percentage of sections damaged with mean conditioned orienting across all blocks (r 0.29, p.094) and with the mean of conditioned orienting in the first four blocks (r 0.32, p.067), suggesting that the more sections damaged along the rostrocaudal axis, the less conditioned orienting was observed. The same analyses for the percentage of surface area damaged yielded nonsignificant correlations (r 0.10, p.57 and r 0.15, p.39, respectively). Behavior Rearing. There were no group differences in spontaneous orienting during pretraining or conditioning. Moreover, there were no changes across trials during pretraining or across sessions during pretraining or conditioning. For pretraining, this was confirmed by the lack of a main effect of group, F(2, 41) 1.23, p.30, and the lack of significant interactions for Group Session, F(2, 41) 0.42, p.65; Group Trial, F(10, 205) 0.99, p.44; and Group Session Trial, F(10, 205) 0.79, p.62. Mean spontaneous orienting during pretraining was 3.57% 1.15%, 4.62% 2.57%, and 1.34% 0.81% for CON, PER, and POR groups respectively. There were also no group differences for conditioning, as confirmed by the lack of a main effect of group, F(2, 41) 1.33, p.27, and the lack of significant Group Session interaction, F(10, 205) 0.28, p.98. Mean spontaneous orienting during conditioning was 4.44% 0.82%, 5.44% 1.49%, and 3.23% 0.69% for CON, PER, and POR groups, respectively. Rats in all groups initially exhibited high levels of rearing (unconditioned orienting) in response to nonreinforced presentations of the visual stimulus (see Figure 2A). As pretraining continued, orienting behavior habituated as observed in previous studies (Holland, Hatfield, & Gallagher, 2001). An analysis of rearing in the first two trials of both sessions versus the last two trials of both sessions confirmed that all groups exhibited habituation over pretraining, F(1, 41) 4.87, p.033. There were no group differences in unconditioned orienting. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant main effect of group, F(2, 45) 1.33, p.27; no Session Group interaction, F(2, 45) 1.37, p.26; no Group Trial interaction, F(10, 225) 0.98, p.46; and no Session Trial Group interaction, F(10, 225) 0.60, p.81. When the visual stimulus was paired with food during the conditioning phase, the orienting response reemerged in control animals (see Figure 2B). Conditioned orienting was impaired, however, in both the POR and PER groups. A repeated measures ANOVA confirmed this observation, revealing a main effect of group, F(2, 45) 4.70, p.01, with a nonsignificant Group Session interaction, F(12, 270) 1.57, p.12. Between-groups contrasts between the CON and PER groups revealed a significant effect of group, F(1, 32) 8.88, p.005, and a significant Group Session interaction, F(6, 192) 2.50, p.03. Differences between the CON and POR revealed a significant effect of group, F(1, 33) 3.86, p.05, but no significant Group Session interaction, F(6, 198) 1.36, p.24. There were no Figure 2. Effects of perirhinal or postrhinal damage on orienting and food-cup behavior. A: Bilateral lesions of either region had no effect on unconditioned orienting and habituation to the visual cue as indicated by performance on two daily sessions. B: Perirhinal or postrhinal damage resulted in impairment in conditioned orienting. The data point labeled P indicates the amount of rearing observed during presentation of the visual cue on the very first trial of the conditioning phase (i.e., before the food reward was introduced). C: Damage to either region spared acquisition of conditioned food-cup behavior. Data are mean standard error. CON control group; PER perirhinal group; POR postrhinal group. significant differences between the two lesion groups, F(1, 25) 0.73, p.39, nor was there a Group Session interaction, F(6, 150) 0.65, p.64. Food-cup behavior. Pairing the light with food resulted in increased food-cup behavior in all groups during presentation of
5 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS 1121 the visual cue, main effect of session, F(5, 225) 33.30, p.0001 (see Figure 2C). Despite the observed deficits in conditioned orienting behavior, food-cup behavior in the PER and POR groups did not differ significantly from controls as indicated by a nonsignificant effect of group, F(2, 45) 1.02, p.36. Likewise, there was no significant Group Session interaction, F(10, 225) 0.81, p.56. Discussion This study was designed to examine the effect of damage to the perirhinal or postrhinal cortex on attentional orienting to a visual stimulus. Bilateral neurotoxic lesions of the perirhinal or postrhinal cortex did not affect either the initial orienting or subsequent habituation of orienting behavior in response to repeated presentations of a nonreinforced visual stimulus (unconditioned orienting). When the visual cue was subsequently paired with a food reward, lesioned rats failed to exhibit the reemergence of orienting behavior typically observed in normal animals (Holland, 1984). Despite this impairment in conditioned orienting, postrhinallesioned or perirhinal-lesioned rats displayed intact food-cup behavior. Thus, the observed deficits were not due to a general learning impairment or an inability to form associations. Considerable behavioral evidence has shown that attentional processing of a stimulus can be affected by the relationship of that cue to subsequent events (Holland, 1997; Pearce & Hall, 1980). Attention is diminished when a CS provides no new information about subsequent events. Neither the perirhinal nor the postrhinal cortex appear to have a role in the decremental attentional processing of a highly salient and novel, but behaviorally irrelevant, stimulus, as suggested by normal habituation in the present study. In addition to these decremental processes, attention to a stimulus is normally enhanced when previously established expectations about its occurrence in relation to future events are violated. Here, we provide evidence that damage to either the perirhinal or postrhinal cortex impairs increases of attention to a stimulus when the relationship between that stimulus and subsequent events changes. Evidence for postrhinal involvement in attentional orienting is interesting in view of a recent study of parahippocampal cortex function in humans (Strange, Otten, Josephs, Rugg, & Dolan, 2002). In that study, activity in the parahippocampal cortex was shown to be associated with increased attentional orienting during the encoding of verbal cues. These results are of interest because of the neuroanatomical evidence that the postrhinal cortex of rats may be homologous to the parahippocampal cortex of primates (Burwell, 2001; Burwell & Amaral, 1998a, 1998b; Suzuki & Amaral, 1994a, 1994b, 2003). The results of the present study together with those of Strange et al. (2002) provide important evidence that the postrhinal and parahippocampal cortices share similar behavioral functions as well as anatomical features. Many studies have shown that both the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices make significant contributions to memory. For example, damage to either the perirhinal or postrhinal cortex disrupts learning and memory as assessed in contextual fear conditioning (Bucci et al., 2000), contextual fear discrimination (Bucci et al., 2002; Burwell et al., in press), working memory (Wiig & Burwell, 1998), and object recognition tasks (Aggleton, Keen, Warburton, & Bussey, 1997; Bussey, Muir, & Aggleton, 1999). The present findings provide the first direct evidence that the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices are involved in attention as well as memory. A recent study of the homologous regions in primates also provided evidence for dual functions (Buckley, Booth, Rolls, & Gaffan, 2001). In this study, monkeys with perirhinal ablations were impaired not only on a memory task, but also on a perceptual discrimination task clearly separable from memory function. The authors suggested that the perirhinal cortex does not contribute to memory exclusively, but is also involved in processing information at a perceptual level. Thus, studies in both monkeys and rats have indicated that these regions have more than just mnemonic functions. A role for the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices in visuospatial attention is consistent with their cortical connectivity, and the subcortical connections lend further support to this view. The perirhinal and postrhinal cortices provide input to the central nucleus of the amygdala (Pikkarainen & Pitkanen, 2001). Damage to the central nucleus has been shown to produce deficits in conditioned orienting (Gallagher et al., 1990) that are similar to those following bilateral perirhinal or postrhinal damage. Notably, the perirhinal cortex also provides a heavy input to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, which appears not to be involved in conditioned orienting (Holland et al., 2001). The present findings provide evidence that the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices are part of a circuit involved in regulating attention to behaviorally relevant stimuli. In summary, the current findings provide direct evidence that both the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices are involved in attentional processing in rats. Further research is necessary to determine the extent to which the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices are involved in other aspects of attention and whether each region makes a unique contribution to attentional function. Such studies are particularly important in view of recent data suggesting that abnormal neural activity in the perirhinal cortex may have a role in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Gallo, Gonzalez-Lima, & Sadile, 2002; Gonzalez-Lima & Sadile, 2000). References Aggleton, J. P., & Brown, M. W. (1999). Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, Aggleton, J. P., Keen, S., Warburton, E. C., & Bussey, T. J. (1997). Extensive cytotoxic lesions involving both the rhinal cortices and area TE impair recognition but spare spatial alternation in the rat. Brain Research Bulletin, 43, Bucci, D. J., & Chess, A. C. (2003, November). Alterations in attentional processing of conditioned stimuli following neurotoxic damage to the posterior parietal cortex [Abstract]. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (Program No ) Retrieved from Bucci, D. J., Holland, P. C., & Gallagher, M. (1998). Removal of cholinergic input to rat posterior parietal cortex disrupts incremental processing of conditioned stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, Bucci, D. J., Phillips, R. G., & Burwell, R. D. (2000). Contributions of postrhinal and perirhinal cortex to contextual information processing. Behavioral Neuroscience, 114, Bucci, D. J., Saddoris, M. P., & Burwell, R. D. (2002). Contextual fear discrimination is impaired by damage to postrhinal or perirhinal cortex. Behavioral Neuroscience, 116, Buckley, M. J., Booth, M. C., Rolls, E. T., & Gaffan, D. (2001). Selective
6 1122 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS perceptual impairments after perirhinal cortex ablation. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, Burwell, R. D. (2001). Borders and cytoarchitecture of the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 437, Burwell, R. D., & Amaral, D. G. (1998a). Cortical afferents of the perirhinal, postrhinal, and entorhinal cortices. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 398, Burwell, R. D., & Amaral, D. G. (1998b). Perirhinal and postrhinal cortices of the rat: Interconnectivity and connections with the entorhinal cortex. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 391, Burwell, R. D., & Hafeman, D. M. (2003). Positional firing properties of postrhinal cortex neurons. Neuroscience, 119, Burwell, R. D., Saddoris, M. P., Bucci, D. J., & Wiig, K. A. (2004). Corticohippocampal contributions to spatial and contextual learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, Bussey, T. J., Duck, J., Muir, J. L., & Aggleton, J. P. (2000). Distinct patterns of behavioural impairments resulting from fornix transection or neurotoxic lesions of the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 111, Bussey, T. J., Muir, J. L., & Aggleton, J. P. (1999). Functionally dissociating aspects of event memory: The effects of combined perirhinal and postrhinal cortex lesions on object and place memory in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, Eacott, M. J. (1998). Acquisition and retention of visual discrimination learning after ablation of perirhinal cortex in the rat. Psychobiology, 26, Eichenbaum, H. (2000). A cortical-hippocampal system for declarative memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1, Ennaceur, A., & Aggleton, J. P. (1997). The effects of neurotoxic lesions of the perirhinal cortex combined to fornix transection on object recognition memory in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 88, Gallagher, M., Graham, P. W., & Holland, P. C. (1990). The amygdala central nucleus and appetitive Pavlovian conditioning: Lesions impair one class of conditioned behavior. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, Gallo, A., Gonzalez-Lima, F., & Sadile, A. G. (2002). Impaired metabolic capacity in the perirhinal and posterior parietal cortex lead to dissociation between attentional, motivational and spatial components of exploration in the Naples High-Excitability rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 130, Gonzalez-Lima, F., & Sadile, A. G. (2000). Network operations revealed by brain metabolic mapping in a genetic model of hyperactivity and attention deficit: The Naples high- and low-excitability rats. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, Holland, P. C. (1984). Origins of behavior in Pavlovian conditioning. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 18, Holland, P. C. (1997). Brain mechanisms for changes in processing of conditioned stimuli in Pavlovian conditioning: Implications for behavior theory. Animal Learning and Behavior, 25, Holland, P. C., Hatfield, T., & Gallagher, M. (2001). Rats with basolateral amygdala lesions show normal increases in conditioned stimulus processing but reduced conditioned potentiation of eating. Behavioral Neuroscience, 115, Jarrard, L. E. (2002). Use of excitotoxins to lesion the hippocampus: Update. Hippocampus, 12, Jarrard, L. E., & Meldrum, B. S. (1993). Selective excitotoxic pathology in the rat hippocampus. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 19, Kaye, H., & Pearce, J. M. (1984). The strength of the orienting response during Pavlovian conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, Kesner, R. P., Ravindranathan, A., Jackson, P., Giles, R., & Chiba, A. A. (2001). A neural circuit analysis of visual recognition memory: Role of perirhinal, medial, and lateral entorhinal cortex. Learning & Memory, 8, MED-PC IV research control and data acquisition system (Version 2.1) [Computer software]. St. Albans, VT: MED Associates. Mumby, D. G., & Glenn, M. J. (2000). Anterograde and retrograde memory for object discriminations and places in rats with perirhinal cortex lesions. Behavioural Brain Research, 114, Myhrer, T., & Wangen, K. (1996). Marked retrograde and anterograde amnesia of a visual discrimination task in rats with selective lesions of the perirhinal cortex. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 65, Otto, T., & Garruto, D. (1997). Rhinal cortex lesions impair simultaneous olfactory discrimination learning in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, Pearce, J. M., & Hall, G. (1980). A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli. Psychology Reviews, 87, Pikkarainen, M., & Pitkanen, A. (2001). Projections from the lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala to the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices in rat. Cerebral Cortex, 11, Posner, M. I., & Dehaene, S. (1994). Attentional networks. Trends in Neurosciences, 17, SAS (Version 8.0) [Computer software]. Cary, NC: SAS Institute. Squire, L. R., & Zola-Morgan, S. (1991, September 20). The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science, 253, Strange, B. A., Otten, L. J., Josephs, O., Rugg, M. D., & Dolan, R. J. (2002). Dissociable human perirhinal, hippocampal, and parahippocampal roles during verbal encoding. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, Suzuki, W. A., & Amaral, D. G. (1994a). The perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the Macaque monkey: Cortical afferents. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 350, Suzuki, W. A., & Amaral, D. G. (1994b). Topographic organization of the reciprocal connections between the monkey entorhinal cortex and the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices. Journal of Neuroscience, 14, Suzuki, W. A., & Amaral, D. G. (2003). Perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey: Cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic organization. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 463, Wiig, K. A., & Burwell, R. D. (1998). Memory impairment on a delayednon-matching-to-position task following lesions of the perirhinal cortex in the rat. Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, Received December 23, 2003 Revision received April 21, 2004 Accepted April 22, 2004
Contributions of Postrhinal and Perirhinal Cortex to Contextual Information Processing
Behavioral Neuroscience Copyright 2000 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2000, Vol, 114, No. 5, 882-894 0735-7044/00/$5.00 DOI: 10.1037//0735-7044.114.5.882 Contributions of Postrhinal and
More informationContextual Fear Discrimination Is Impaired by Damage to the Postrhinal or Perirhinal Cortex
Behavioral Neuroscience Copyright 2002 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2002, Vol. 116, No. 3, 479 488 0735-7044/02/$5.00 DOI: 10.1037//0735-7044.116.3.479 Contextual Fear Discrimination
More informationDissociable Effects of Lesions to the Perirhinal Cortex and the Postrhinal Cortex on Memory for Context and Objects in Rats
Behavioral Neuroscience Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association 2005, Vol. 119, No. 2, 557 566 0735-7044/05/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.119.2.557 Dissociable Effects of Lesions to the
More informationMemory Impairment on a Delayed Non-Matching-to-Position Task After Lesions of the Perirhinal Cortex in the Rat
Behavioral Neuroscience Copyright 1998 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 1998, Vol. 112, No. 4, 827-838 0735-7044/98/$3.00 Memory Impairment on a Delayed Non-Matching-to-Position Task After
More informationIntegrated Memory for Object, Place, and Context in Rats: A Possible Model of Episodic-Like Memory?
1948 The Journal of Neuroscience, February 25, 2004 24(8):1948 1953 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Integrated Memory for Object, Place, and Context in Rats: A Possible Model of Episodic-Like Memory? Madeline
More informationA Neural Circuit Analysis of Visual Recognition Memory: Role of Perirhinal, Medial, and Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
Research A Neural Circuit Analysis of Visual Recognition Memory: Role of Perirhinal, Medial, and Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Raymond P. Kesner, 2 Ajay Ravindranathan, 1 Pamela Jackson, 3 Ryan Giles, and
More informationBrain Research Bulletin 67 (2005) Toronto, Ont., Canada M6A 2E1 b Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,
Brain Research Bulletin 67 (2005) 62 76 Differential contributions of hippocampus, amygdala and perirhinal cortex to recognition of novel objects, contextual stimuli and stimulus relationships Sandra N.
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6009/1408/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Paradoxical False Memory for Objects After Brain Damage Stephanie M. McTighe, Rosemary A. Cowell, Boyer D. Winters,
More informationAcquisition and retention of visual discrimination learning after ablation of perirhinal cortex in the rat
Psychobiology 1998.26 (1).36-41 Acquisition and retention of visual discrimination learning after ablation of perirhinal cortex in the rat M.J.EACOTT University oj Durham, Durham, England Eight Dark Agouti
More informationPOSITIONAL FIRING PROPERTIES
Neuroscience 0 (2003) 000 POSITIONAL FIRING PROPERTIES OF POSTRHINAL CORTEX NEURONS R. D. BURWELL a * AND D. M. HAFEMAN b a Brown University, Psychology Department, 89 Waterman, Providence, RI 02912, USA
More informationThe perceptual-mnemonic/feature conjunction model of perirhinal cortex function
THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005, 58B (3/4), 269 282 The perceptual-mnemonic/feature conjunction model of perirhinal cortex function Timothy J. Bussey and Lisa M. Saksida University
More informationThe Effects of Cytotoxic Perirhinal Cortex Lesions on Spatial Learning by Rats: A Comparison of the Dark Agouti and Sprague Dawley Strains
Behavioral Neuroscience Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association 2006, Vol. 120, No. 1, 150 161 0735-7044/06/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.120.1.150 The Effects of Cytotoxic Perirhinal
More informationThe effects of amygdala lesions on conditioned stimulus-potentiated eating in rats
Physiology & Behavior 76 (2002) 117 129 The effects of amygdala lesions on conditioned stimulus-potentiated eating in rats Peter C. Holland a, *, Gorica D. Petrovich b, Michela Gallagher b a Department
More informationIntact negative patterning in rats with fornix or combined perirhinal and postrhinal cortex lesions
Exp Brain Res (2000) 134:506 519 DOI 10.1007/s002210000481 RESEARCH ARTICLE Timothy J. Bussey Rebecca Dias Edward S. Redhead John M. Pearce Janice L. Muir John P. Aggleton Intact negative patterning in
More informationThe Neurophysiology of Memory
The Neurophysiology of Memory WENDY A. SUZUKI a,c AND HOWARD EICHENBAUM b a Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 809, New York, New York 10003, USA b Laboratory of Cognitive
More informationDissociation in retrograde memory for object discriminations and object recognition in rats with perirhinal cortex damage
Behavioural Brain Research 132 (2002) 215 226 www.elsevier.com/locate/bbr Research report Dissociation in retrograde memory for object discriminations and object recognition in rats with perirhinal cortex
More informationIntroduction. Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
The Journal of Neuroscience, June 30, 2004 24(26):5901 5908 5901 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Double Dissociation between the Effects of Peri-Postrhinal Cortex and Hippocampal Lesions on Tests of Object
More informationRole of the anterior cingulate cortex in the control over behaviour by Pavlovian conditioned stimuli
Role of the anterior cingulate cortex in the control over behaviour by Pavlovian conditioned stimuli in rats RN Cardinal, JA Parkinson, H Djafari Marbini, AJ Toner, TW Robbins, BJ Everitt Departments of
More informationThe perirhinal cortex and long-term familiarity memory
THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005, 58B (3/4), 234 245 The perirhinal cortex and long-term familiarity memory E. T. Rolls, L. Franco, and S. M. Stringer University of Oxford, UK To analyse
More informationPerirhinal Cortex Ablation Impairs Visual Object Identification
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 1998, 18(6):2268 2275 Perirhinal Cortex Ablation Impairs Visual Object Identification Mark J. Buckley and David Gaffan Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford
More informationNeural Correlates of Olfactory Recognition Memory in the Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex
The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 2000, 20(21):8199 8208 Neural Correlates of Olfactory Recognition Memory in the Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex Seth J. Ramus and Howard Eichenbaum Department of Psychology,
More informationImpairment and Facilitation of Transverse Patterning after Lesions of the Perirhinal Cortex and Hippocampus, Respectively
Cerebral Cortex January 2007;17:108-115 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj128 Advance Access publication February 1, 2006 Impairment and Facilitation of Transverse Patterning after Lesions of the Perirhinal Cortex
More informationPattern Memory Involves Both Elemental and Configural Processes: Evidence From the Effects of Hippocampal Lesions
Behavioral Neuroscience 2011 American Psychological Association 2011, Vol. 125, No. 4, 567 577 0735-7044/11/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0023762 Pattern Memory Involves Both Elemental and Configural Processes:
More informationPerirhinal Cortex Lesions in Rats: Novelty Detection and Sensitivity to Interference
Behavioral Neuroscience 2015 The Author(s) 2015, Vol. 129, No. 3, 227 243 0735-7044/15/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bne0000049 Perirhinal Cortex Lesions in Rats: Novelty Detection and Sensitivity to
More informationSystems Neuroscience November 29, Memory
Systems Neuroscience November 29, 2016 Memory Gabriela Michel http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html Forms of memory Different types of learning & memory rely on different brain structures
More informationTwo cortical systems for memoryguided
Two cortical systems for memoryguided behaviour Charan Ranganath 1,2 and Maureen Ritchey 2 Abstract Although the perirhinal cortex (PRC), parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) have
More informationEnhancement of Latent Inhibition in Rats With Electrolytic Lesions of the Hippocampus
Behavioral Neuroscience 1995. Vol. 109, No. 2, 366-370 Copyright 1995 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0735-7044/95/$3.00 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS Enhancement of Latent Inhibition in Rats With
More informationNST II Psychology NST II Neuroscience (Module 5)
NST II Psychology NST II Neuroscience (Module 5) Brain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition 4 Forms of memory. Neural basis of memory (1): amnesia, the hippocampus Rudolf Cardinal Department of Experimental
More informationUC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Studies on retrograde and anterograde amnesia of olfactory memory after denervation of the hippocampus by entorhinal cortex lesions. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/td3z42f
More informationHenry Molaison. Biography. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Henry Molaison From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Henry Gustav Molaison (February 26, 1926 December 2, 2008), known widely as H.M., was an American memory disorder patient who had a bilateral medial
More informationSupplementary Methods
1 Supplementary Methods Social Preference Test Subjects Seventy-four Long-Evans, male rats served as subjects (S-rats) in the foodpreference test, with 40 assigned to the CXT-Same (CXT-S) Condition and
More informationEffects of lesions of the nucleus accumbens core and shell on response-specific Pavlovian i n s t ru mental transfer
Effects of lesions of the nucleus accumbens core and shell on response-specific Pavlovian i n s t ru mental transfer RN Cardinal, JA Parkinson *, TW Robbins, A Dickinson, BJ Everitt Departments of Experimental
More informationContrasting Effects on Discrimination Learning after Hippocampal Lesions and Conjoint Hippocampal Caudate Lesions in Monkeys
The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 2000, 20(10):3853 3863 Contrasting Effects on Discrimination Learning after Hippocampal Lesions and Conjoint Hippocampal Caudate Lesions in Monkeys Edmond Teng, 3 Lisa
More informationComputational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 7: Large-Scale Brain Area Functional Organization
Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 7: Large-Scale Brain Area Functional Organization 1 7.1 Overview This chapter aims to provide a framework for modeling cognitive phenomena based
More informationCognitive Neuroscience of Memory
Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Types and Structure of Memory Types of Memory Type of Memory Time Course Capacity Conscious Awareness Mechanism of Loss Sensory Short-Term and Working Long-Term Nondeclarative
More informationTwo functional components of the hippocampal memory system
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (1994) 17, 449-518 Printed in the United States of America Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system Howard Eichenbaum Center for Behavioral Neuroscience,
More informationAnterograde and retrograde memory for object discriminations and places in rats with perirhinal cortex lesions
Behavioural Brain Research 114 (2000) 119 134 www.elsevier.com/locate/bbr Research report Anterograde and retrograde memory for object discriminations and places in rats with perirhinal cortex lesions
More informationContrasting hippocampal and perirhinal cortex function using immediate early gene imaging
THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005, 58B (3/4), 218 233 Contrasting hippocampal and perirhinal cortex function using immediate early gene imaging John P. Aggleton Cardiff University,
More informationDeclarative memory includes semantic, episodic, and spatial memory, and
Gallo Taste Learning and Memory in Aging Milagros Gallo, PhD Declarative memory includes semantic, episodic, and spatial memory, and in humans involves conscious recall. 1 Visual recognition memory is
More informationLesions of the Rat Perirhinal Cortex Spare the Acquisition of a Complex Configural Visual Discrimination Yet Impair Object Recognition
This article, manuscript, or document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association (APA). For non-commercial, education and research purposes, users may access, download, copy, display, and
More informationWithin-event learning contributes to value transfer in simultaneous instrumental discriminations by pigeons
Animal Learning & Behavior 1999, 27 (2), 206-210 Within-event learning contributes to value transfer in simultaneous instrumental discriminations by pigeons BRIGETTE R. DORRANCE and THOMAS R. ZENTALL University
More informationIntroduction to Systems Neuroscience. Nov. 28, The limbic system. Daniel C. Kiper
Introduction to Systems Neuroscience Nov. 28, 2017 The limbic system Daniel C. Kiper kiper@ini.phys.ethz.ch http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html LIMBIC SYSTEM The term limbic system mean
More informationThe role of the human medial temporal lobe in object recognition and object discrimination
THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005, 58B (3/4), 326 339 The role of the human medial temporal lobe in object recognition and object discrimination J. S. Holdstock University of Liverpool,
More informationSHORT COMMUNICATION Retrograde amnesia for spatial information: a dissociation between intra and extramaze cues following hippocampus lesions in rats
European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 10, pp. 3295 3301, 1998 European Neuroscience Association SHORT COMMUNICATION Retrograde amnesia for spatial information: a dissociation between intra and extramaze
More informationSerial model. Amnesia. Amnesia. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras. Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Serial model Memory terminology based on information processing models e.g., Serial Model Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia
More informationEffects of limbic corticostriatal lesions on a u t o shaping performance in rats
Effects of limbic corticostriatal lesions on a u t o shaping performance in rats BJ Everitt, JA Parkinson, G Lachenal, KM Halkerston, N Rudarakanchana, RN Cardinal, J Hall, CH Morrison, JW Dalley, SR Howes,
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5871/1849/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Rule Learning by Rats Robin A. Murphy,* Esther Mondragón, Victoria A. Murphy This PDF file includes: *To whom correspondence
More informationA systems neuroscience approach to memory
A systems neuroscience approach to memory Critical brain structures for declarative memory Relational memory vs. item memory Recollection vs. familiarity Recall vs. recognition What about PDs? R-K paradigm
More informationA Study of Hippocampal Structure-function Relations. Along the Septo-temporal Axis
1 A Study of Hippocampal Structure-function Relations Along the Septo-temporal Axis Leonard E. Jarrard 1, Lisa P. Luu 1, & Terry L. Davidson 2 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Washington
More informationHippocampal Damage and Exploratory Preferences in Rats: Memory for Objects, Places, and Contexts
Hippocampal Damage and Exploratory Preferences in Rats: Memory for Objects, Places, and Contexts Dave G. Mumby, Stephane Gaskin, Melissa J. Glenn, et al. Learn. Mem. 2002 9: 49-57 Access the most recent
More informationMediodorsal thalamic lesions and object recognition in rats
Psychobiology 1993. 21 (I). 27-36 Mediodorsal thalamic lesions and object recognition in rats DAVE G. MUMBY, JOHN P. J. PINEL, and FARHAD N. DASTUR University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
More informationLESIONS OF THE MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINE SYSTEM DISRUPT SIGNALLED ESCAPE RESPONSES IN THE RAT
ACTA NEUROBIOL: EXP. 1988, 48: 117-121 Short communication LESIONS OF THE MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINE SYSTEM DISRUPT SIGNALLED ESCAPE RESPONSES IN THE RAT W. Jeffrey WILSON and Jennifer C. HALL Department of Psychological
More informationMemory Representation within the Parahippocampal Region
The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 1997, 17(13):5183 5195 Memory Representation within the Parahippocampal Region Brian J. Young, 1 Tim Otto, 2 Gregory D. Fox, 3 and Howard Eichenbaum 4 1 Department
More informationAmygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex Lesions Differentially Influence Choices during Object Reversal Learning
8338 The Journal of Neuroscience, August 13, 2008 28(33):8338 8343 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex Lesions Differentially Influence Choices during Object Reversal Learning
More informationThe Role of CA1 in the Acquisition of an Object Trace Odor Paired Associate Task
Behavioral Neuroscience Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association 2005, Vol. 119, No. 3, 781 786 0735-7044/05/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.119.3.781 The Role of CA1 in the Acquisition of
More informationRetrograde and anterograde amnesia for spatial discrimination in rats: Role of hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parietal cortex
Psychobiology 1995.23 (3). 185-194 Retrograde and anterograde amnesia for spatial discrimination in rats: Role of hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parietal cortex YOON H. CHO, RAYMOND P. KESNER, and
More informationMultiple memory trace theory Duncan, 1949
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras Lecture 5: Memory Consolidation Multiple memory trace theory Duncan, 1949 McGaugh, 2 Squire: retention of TV shows after ECS At least 2 kinds
More informationPaul A. Dudchenko, 1 Emma R. Wood, 2 and Howard Eichenbaum 3
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 2000, 20(8):2964 2977 Neurotoxic Hippocampal Lesions Have No Effect on Odor Span and Little Effect on Odor Recognition Memory But Produce Significant Impairments
More informationIntact Visual Perceptual Discrimination in Humans in the Absence of Perirhinal Cortex
Research Intact Visual Perceptual Discrimination in Humans in the Absence of Perirhinal Cortex Craig E.L. Stark 2 and Larry R. Squire 1,3 1 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161,
More informationCSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems
CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems Compare Chap 31 of Purves et al., 5e Chap 24 of Bear et al., 3e Larry Wittie Computer Science, StonyBrook University http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~cse511
More informationLimbic system outline
Limbic system outline 1 Introduction 4 The amygdala and emotion -history - theories of emotion - definition - fear and fear conditioning 2 Review of anatomy 5 The hippocampus - amygdaloid complex - septal
More informationThe animal model of human amnesia: Long-term memory impaired and short-term memory intact
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 5637-5641, June 1994 Neurobiology The animal model of human amnesia: Long-term memory impaired and short-term memory intact PABLO ALVAREZ*t, STUART ZOLA-MORGAN*I,
More informationThe Hippocampus and Long-Term Object Memory in the Rat
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1996, 16(8):278-2787 The Hippocampus and Long-Term Object Memory in the Rat Norbert Vnek and Lawrence A. Rothblat Department of Psychology, George Washington University,
More informationEFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR N G -NITRO-L-ARGININE METHYL ESTER ON SPATIAL AND CUED LEANING
Pergamon Neuroscience Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 837 841, 1998 Copyright 1998 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved PII: S0306-4522(97)00457-0 0306 4522/98 $19.00+0.00
More informationAnimal memory: The contribution of generalization decrement to delayed conditional discrimination retention functions
Learning & Behavior 2009, 37 (4), 299-304 doi:10.3758/lb.37.4.299 Animal memory: The contribution of generalization decrement to delayed conditional discrimination retention functions REBECCA RAYBURN-REEVES
More informationEffects of the anterior temporal lobe lesions, separate or combined with hippocampal damage, on spatial delayed responses guided by auditory stimulus
Effects of the anterior temporal lobe lesions, separate or combined with hippocampal damage, on spatial delayed responses guided by auditory stimulus Danuta M. Kowalska Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki
More informationHippocampal Lesions Disrupt an Associative Mismatch Process
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 1998, 18(6):2226 2230 Hippocampal Lesions Disrupt an Associative Mismatch Process R. C. Honey, A. Watt, and M. Good School of Psychology, University of Wales, Cardiff
More informationImpaired Transverse Patterning in Human Amnesia Is a Special Case of Impaired Memory for Two-Choice Discrimination Tasks
Behavioral Neuroscience 999, Vol. 3, No.,3-9 In the public domain Impaired Transverse Patterning in Human Amnesia Is a Special Case of Impaired Memory for Two-Choice Discrimination Tasks Jonathan M. Reed
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/328/5983/1288/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Induction of Fear Extinction with Hippocampal-Infralimbic BDNF Jamie Peters, Laura M. Dieppa-Perea, Loyda M. Melendez,
More informationMemory. Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith
Memory Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith Note: Due to copyright restrictions, I had to remove the images from the Weschler Memory Scales from the slides I posted online. Wechsler Memory Scales
More informationImpaired Recency Judgments and Intact Novelty Judgments after Fornix Transection in Monkeys
The Journal of Neuroscience, February 25, 2004 24(8):2037 2044 2037 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Impaired Recency Judgments and Intact Novelty Judgments after Fornix Transection in Monkeys David P. Charles,
More informationContingent Versus Incidental Context Processing During Conditioning: Dissociation After Excitotoxic Hippocampal Plus Dentate Gyrus Lesions
Contingent Versus Incidental Context Processing During Conditioning: Dissociation After Excitotoxic Hippocampal Plus Dentate Gyrus Lesions M. Good,* L. de Hoz, and R.G.M. Morris Centre for Neuroscience,
More informationNucleus accumbens lesions impair context, but not cue, conditioning in rats
Learning and Memory PREVIOUS work has provided evidence of a role for the hippocampal formation in contextual as opposed to cue conditioning. Similar deficits have been observed after transection of the
More informationDISSOCIATING SPACE AND TRACE IN DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS. Jennifer Lee Czerniawski. A thesis submitted to the. Graduate School-New Brunswick
DISSOCIATING SPACE AND TRACE IN DORSAL AND VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS By Jennifer Lee Czerniawski A thesis submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial
More informationSystems Neuroscience Dan Kiper. Today: Wolfger von der Behrens
Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper Today: Wolfger von der Behrens wolfger@ini.ethz.ch 18.9.2018 Neurons Pyramidal neuron by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934, Nobel prize with Camillo Golgi in 1906) Neurons
More informationComparison of Associative Learning- Related Signals in the Macaque Perirhinal Cortex and Hippocampus
Cerebral Cortex May 2009;19:1064--1078 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn156 Advance Access publication October 20, 2008 Comparison of Associative Learning- Related Signals in the Macaque Perirhinal Cortex and Hippocampus
More informationNeuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 36 (212) 1597 168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews jou rnal h omepa ge: www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev Review Towards
More informationLudis e Málková, 1 David Gaffan, 2 and Elisabeth A. Murray 1
The Journal of Neuroscience, August 1, 1997, 17(15):6011 6020 Excitotoxic Lesions of the Amygdala Fail to Produce Impairment in Visual Learning for Auditory Secondary Reinforcement But Interfere with Reinforcer
More informationDoes nicotine alter what is learned about non-drug incentives?
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Undergraduate Honors Theses 5-2014 Does nicotine alter what is learned about non-drug incentives? Tarra L. Baker Follow
More informationVisual Context Dan O Shea Prof. Fei Fei Li, COS 598B
Visual Context Dan O Shea Prof. Fei Fei Li, COS 598B Cortical Analysis of Visual Context Moshe Bar, Elissa Aminoff. 2003. Neuron, Volume 38, Issue 2, Pages 347 358. Visual objects in context Moshe Bar.
More informationIntroduction to Physiological Psychology Review
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Review ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html n Learning and Memory n Human Communication n Emotion 1 What is memory? n Working Memory:
More informationBrain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition 5 Neural basis of memory (2): multiple memory systems
NST II Psychology NST II Neuroscience (Module 5) Brain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition 5 Neural basis of memory (2): multiple memory systems Rudolf Cardinal Department of Experimental Psychology Monday
More informationCortical Control of Movement
Strick Lecture 2 March 24, 2006 Page 1 Cortical Control of Movement Four parts of this lecture: I) Anatomical Framework, II) Physiological Framework, III) Primary Motor Cortex Function and IV) Premotor
More informationAmount of training effects in representationmediated food aversion learning: No evidence of a role for associability changes
Journal Learning & Behavior 2005,?? 33 (?), (4),???-??? 464-478 Amount of training effects in representationmediated food aversion learning: No evidence of a role for associability changes PETER C. HOLLAND
More informationOccasion Setting without Feature-Positive Discrimination Training
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 23, 343-367 (1992) Occasion Setting without Feature-Positive Discrimination Training CHARLOTTE BONARDI University of York, York, United Kingdom In four experiments rats received
More informationThe Magnocellular Mediodorsal Thalamus is Necessary for Memory Acquisition, But Not Retrieval
258 The Journal of Neuroscience, January 2, 2008 28(1):258 263 Brief Communications The Magnocellular Mediodorsal Thalamus is Necessary for Memory Acquisition, But Not Retrieval Anna S. Mitchell and David
More informationNeuroscience of Consciousness II
1 C83MAB: Mind and Brain Neuroscience of Consciousness II Tobias Bast, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham 2 Consciousness State of consciousness - Being awake/alert/attentive/responsive Contents
More informationTransfer of memory retrieval cues attenuates the context specificity of latent inhibition
Scholarly Commons Psychology Faculty Publications 2015 Transfer of memory retrieval cues attenuates the context specificity of latent inhibition James F. Briggs Timothy A. Toth Brian P. Olson Jacob G.
More informationThe hippocampal region (the CA fields, dentate gyrus, and
Spatial memory, recognition memory, and the hippocampus Nicola J. Broadbent*, Larry R. Squire*, and Robert E. Clark* Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161; and Departments of *Psychiatry,
More informationIs There Savings for Pavlovian Fear Conditioning after Neurotoxic Basolateral Amygdala Lesions in Rats?
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 76, 268 283 (2001) doi:10.1006/nlme.2001.4042, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Is There Savings for Pavlovian Fear Conditioning after Neurotoxic Basolateral
More informationCh 8. Learning and Memory
Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang Biointelligence
More informationIntroduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Declarative Memory Procedural Memory
More informationRunning head: EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON OBJECT RECOGNITION. Impairing Effects of Alcohol on Object Recognition. A Senior Honors Thesis
Running head: EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON OBJECT RECOGNITION Alcohol on Object Recognition 1 Impairing Effects of Alcohol on Object Recognition A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the
More informationInterplay of Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
Current Biology 23, R764 R773, September 9, 2013 ª2013 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.041 Interplay of Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory Review Alison
More informationEffects of Repeated Acquisitions and Extinctions on Response Rate and Pattern
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 2006, Vol. 32, No. 3, 322 328 Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association 0097-7403/06/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0097-7403.32.3.322
More informationCerebral Cortex 1. Sarah Heilbronner
Cerebral Cortex 1 Sarah Heilbronner heilb028@umn.edu Want to meet? Coffee hour 10-11am Tuesday 11/27 Surdyk s Overview and organization of the cerebral cortex What is the cerebral cortex? Where is each
More informationThalamus and Sensory Functions of Cerebral Cortex
Thalamus and Sensory Functions of Cerebral Cortex I: To describe the functional divisions of thalamus. II: To state the functions of thalamus and the thalamic syndrome. III: To define the somatic sensory
More informationDissociating Entorhinal and Hippocampal Involvement in Latent Inhibition
Behavioral Neuroscience Copyright 2000 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2000, Vol. 114, No. 5, 867-874 0735-7044/00/$5.00 DOI: 10.1037//0735-7044.114.5.867 Dissociating Entorhinal and Hippocampal
More informationMemory Impairment in Monkeys Following Lesions Limited to the Hippocampus
Behavioral Neuroscience 1986, Vol. 100, No. 2, 155-160 In the public domain Memory Impairment in Monkeys Following Lesions Limited to the Hippocampus Stuart Zola-Morgan and Larry R. Squire Veterans Administration
More informationLocation-Scene Association Task. The Role of the Primate Medial Temporal Lobe in Associative Memory Formation. Wendy A. Suzuki AP 14.
The Role of the Primate Medial Temporal Lobe in Associative Memory Formation Ventral View of Macaque Monkey Brain Wendy A. Suzuki Center for Neural Science New York University PH PR ER rs AP. DG HPC Sub
More information