Valence and Gender Effects on Emotion Recognition Following TBI. Cassie Brown Arizona State University

Transcription

1 Valence and Gender Effects on Emotion Recognition Following TBI Cassie Brown Arizona State University

2 Knox & Douglas (2009) Social Integration and Facial Expression Recognition Participants: Severe TBI group=13, Control group=13 Males=22 and Females=4 Measures to Assess Emotion Recognition Dynamic-TASIT Static-Facial Expressions of Emotion and Contextual Test of Emotion Measure to Assess Communication Effectiveness Revised Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique

3 Knox & Douglas (2009) Informal analysis revealed females obtained the highest scores No analyses were completed to determine emotion recognition abilities with differing emotions Effective communication is closely tied to the ability to interpret and understand facial expressions

4 Watts & Douglas (2006) The Role of Facial Expression and Communication Competence Participants: Severe TBI group=12, Control group=12 Males=22 and Females=2 Measure to Assess Facial Expression Recognition TASIT-Emotion Evaluation Test: Naming and Recognition Measure to Assess Perceived Communication Competence La Trobe Communication Questionnaire

5 Watts & Douglas (2006) No gender comparisons were performed No comparisons were made to determine where breakdown occurs among differing emotions Communication difficulties are related to the ability to accurately interpret facial expressions

6 Croker & McDonald (2005) Emotions: Recognition, Semantic Knowledge (Social Situations), and Facial Expression (Contextual Cues) Participants: Severe TBI group=24 Control group=15 Males=27 and Females=12 Measures to Assess Emotion Recognition Abilities Visual Discrimination and Face Perception Task- Adaptation of Benton Facial Recognition Test Labeling Task Matching Task Semantic Knowledge Task Perceptual Recognition of Facial Expression (given contextual cues)

7 Croker & McDonald (2005) Positive emotions were more easily recognized than negative No gender comparisons were made-unknown gender influences Poor matching may be related to reduced subjective experiences of emotion (i.e. from everyday experiences)

8 Williams & Wood (2009) Emotion Recognition with Different Media Presentation and Affective Valence Participants: TBI group=64, Control group=64 TBI group: Moderate & Severe Males=53 and Females=11 Measures to Assess Emotion Recognition TASIT-Emotion Evaluation Test [dynamic] FEEST-Ekman 60 Faces Test [static] Measures to Assess Processing Speed and Verbal Ability

9 Williams & Wood (2009) No significant gender differences were found Positive emotions were more easily recognized than negative emotions for both groups across both media presentation Overall performance was better with the dynamic measure, but emotion recognition ability is greatly impacted by emotional valence.

10 Purpose of the Study To examine if emotion recognition ability using nonverbal cues differs depending on affective valence To examine emotion recognition deficits between participant gender

11 METHOD

12 Participants TBI Group(s)=27 Mild=10 Moderate=6 Severe=11 Inclusion criteria based on medical records Mean age: 35.3 (12.6) Mean years of education:14.7 (2.1) Males=15 Females=12 Control Group=20 Matched to TBI Participants for Age, Gender and Education Mean age:30.8 (11.6) Mean years of Education:15.2 (2.0) Criteria for All Participants Hearing and Vision Screening

13 Cognitive & Communication tasks Mini Mental State Examination 30 Question test to screen cognitive function Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Faces I and Faces II used to estimate nonverbal memory La Trobe Communication Questionnaire Used to determine perceived communication competence

14 Experimental Measures The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) [dynamic] 28 videoed scenes; administered with sound and without sound Positive emotions: Happiness, surprised, neutral Negative Emotions: Sadness, anger, anxiety/fear, disgust Facial Expressions of Emotion(FEEST): Ekman 60 Faces Test (E-60-FT) [static] 60 photographs portraying different emotions Positive emotions: Happiness, surprised Negative Emotions: Sadness, anger, fear, disgust

15 Experimental Procedures Participants attended 1-2 sessions for administration of assessments (based on participant availability & preference) Total study participation time was approximately 2-3 hours in length Order of test administration was randomized

16 RESULTS

17 Do emotion recognition abilities differ depending on affective valence? Positive Negative TBI.85 (.08).68 (.18) Control.89 (.05).82 (.06) TBI participants recognized positive emotions significantly better than negative emotions

18 Does emotion recognition ability differ depending on participant gender? Males (N = 15) Females (N = 12) Positive.86 (.07).83 (.09) Negative.69 (.13).66 (.23) TOTAL.81 (.11).80 (.16) For the TBI group, males and females did not differ in their ability to recognize emotion depicted in static and dynamic media displays

19 Discussion Participants performed significantly better recognizing positive emotions compared to negative emotions Gender of participants did not influence performance on the emotion recognition tasks

20 Correlations among nonverbal memory and emotion recognition measures for the TBI group may suggest: Impairments in nonverbal memory may partly account for difficulty in accurately recognizing emotion conveyed

21 Conclusions Positive emotions are more easily recognized than negative emotions for individuals with TBI Gender of TBI participants does not impact ability to recognize emotions Nonverbal memory contributes to emotion recognition ability

22 Clinical Implications Deficits exist in the ability to recognize emotions in adults with TBI Inability to recognize emotions and characteristic disinhibited behaviors can lead to social isolation Misinterpretations may lead to inappropriateness during social situations

23 Fewer social interactions equates to fewer models for appropriate social communication Difficulty with affective valence requires specific training to better understand emotions

24 Study Limitations & Future Research Increase number of participants Include measures of attention and memory Examine the influence of time post-injury Treatment targeting emotion recognition should be developed

25 Questions? Thank You!