Imaging of the brain- a major investment into diseases of the brain

Transcription

1 Imaging of the brain- a major investment into diseases of the brain Paul M. Matthews, MD, DPhil, FMedSci Edmond and Lily Safra Chair, Head, Division of Brain Sciences and Associate Director, UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London accessed 16 May 2017

2 We need to understand how environment and lifestyle -- exposome influence the brain through life

3 We need to understand how diseases of the brain start- decades before they appear Lifestyle and environment interact with underlying genetic susceptibilities to influence the risks of brain disease

4 We need to undertand how conditions and diseases affecting the body influence brain diseases G.J. Biessels, and L.J. Kappelle Biochm. Soc. Trans. 2005;33:

5 We also need to see risks of disease in their full context Clinical expression of brain disease itself also is influenced - and, in turn, influences- by the way people interact at home and in work

6 The UK Biobank Imaging Enhancement UK Biobank enhancement evaluation for 100,000 of the 500,000 subjects was initiated pilot phase from in 2014 and entered its full phase in 2017 Providing a comprehensive, quantitative imaging phenotype f (brain, cardiac, whole body MRI, 3D Carotid US, DEXA)

7 Imaging in UK Biobank provides different views of the brain- and links them all to an immensely rich range of other measures and outcomes James Fallon, UCSD Details of brain structure A wiring diagram for individual brains Maps of how different regions of the brain work together

8 Structural brain imaging provides a window on changes in the abundance and integrity of neurons in the brain N. Ryan, N.Fox, Ann NY Acad Sci 1180 (2009) 20

9 Functional and connectional brain imaging provide insights into patterns of gene expression and how different regions interact across the brain Brain regions with similar gene expression patterns (and, by inference, related cell populations) have highest functional connectivity- this can be tested more directly by mapping the wiring diagram J. Richiardi et al. Science 249 (2015) 6240

10 What can we use these data for? Assessing brain health JH Cole et al Mol Psych 2017

11 Influences of lifestyle and environment on brain structures K. Miller et al. Nat Neurosci 19 (2016) 1523

12 Influences of lifestyle and environment on how the brain is functioning How different regions of the brain are working together at rest r K Miller et al. Nat Neurosci 19 (2016)

13 Influences of lifestyle and environment on how the brain is functioning How different regions of the brain are working together when we need to make perceptual decisions K. Miller et al. Nat Neurosci 19 (2016) 1523

14 A unique opportunity to understand how changes in the body influence the brain Brain images from Miller et al. Nature Neurosci 2016; body fat images courtesy of Prof. J. Bell, Univ of Westminster

15 Seeing how risk factors for disease affect the brain: effects of hypertension in the aging brain SR Cox et al. Nat Comm (2016) H. Suzuki et al, submitted for publication

16 Enhancing the value of UK Biobank for studies of disease by integrating it with studies of other cohorts: Dementia Platforms UK

17 UK Biobank and the Imaging Enhancement are huge team efforts: acknowledging the Imaging Working Group and Carotid Ultrasound Advisory Group Chair: Dr Paul Leeson (Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility; Oxford) Ram Bedi, Rudi Meijer Takenori Fukomoto (Panasonic) Kadoorie Biobank Dr Aaron Fenster (Robarts Imaging Research Laboratories; Canada) Prof Valentin Fuster (Mount Sinai Cardiovacular Institute; USA) Prof Henrik Sillesen (Department of Vascular Surgery; Denmark) Prof David Spence (Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre; Canada) Musculoskeletal Advisory Group Chair: Prof Cyrus Cooper (MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; Southampton) Co-chair: Prof Nick Harvey (MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; Southampton) Prof Juliet Compston (Bone Medicine; Cambridge) Prof Richard Eastell (Mellanby Centre for Bone Research; Sheffield) Prof Roger Francis (Bone Clinic; Newcastle) Prof Stuart Ralston (Rheumatic Disease Unit; Edinburgh) Prof David Reid (Institute of Medical Sciences; Aberdeen) Prof Alan Silman (Botnar Research Centre; Oxford) Prof Jon Tobias (Academic Rheumatology; Bristol) Brain MRI Advisory Group Chair: Prof Steve Williams (Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences; London) Prof John Ashburner (WT Centre for Neuroimaging; London) Prof Nick Fox (Dementia Research Centre; London) Prof Paul Matthews (Division of Brain Sciences, London) Dr Karla Miller (Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain; Oxford) Prof Tom Nichols (Institute for Digital Healthcare; Warwick) Prof Stephen Smith (Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain; Oxford) Prof David Van Essen (NIH Human Connectome Project; Washington, USA) Prof Meike Vernooij (Rotterdam Study; Holland) Prof Henry Volzke (German National Cohort; Germany) Prof Nikolaus Weiskopf (WT Centre for Neuroimaging; London) Cardiovascular MR image analysis consortium Prof Sebastian Ourselin (UCL London) Dr Stefan Piechnik (Oxford) Prof Alison Noble (Oxford) Prof Stefan Neubauer (Oxford) Prof James Duncan (Yale) Nicholas Ayache (INRIA) Herve Delingette (INRIA) Prof Daniel Rueckert (Imperial College) Prof Wiro Nissen (Erasmus MC) Prof Alistair Young (University of Auckland) Dr A Gooya (University of Sheffield) Prof Alex Frangi (University of Sheffield) Prof Steffen Petersen (QMUL) Body MRI Advisory Group Chair: Prof Jimmy Bell (University of Westminster; London) Co-chair: Dr Tony Goldstone (MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; London) Prof Fiona Gilbert (Biomedical Imaging Centre; Aberdeen) Prof Paul Matthews (Imperial College London; London) Prof Robert Ross (School of Kinesiology and Health Studies; Canada) Prof Wei Shen (Columbia University Obesity Research Center; USA) Dr Lidia Szczepaniak (Cedars Sinai Medical Center; USA) Dr Garry Tan (Diabetes and Endocrinology Department; Nottingham) Dr Louise Thomas (University of Westminster; London) Dr Andoni Toms (Musculosketal Radiology; Norwich) Prof N Jon Shah (Juelich-Aachen Brain Research Alliance; Germany) Prof Henry Volzke (German National Cohort; Germany) Prof John Waterton (Translational Imaging; Manchester) Dr Rajarshi Banerjee (Radcliffe Dept. of Medicine; Oxford) Prof Matthew Robson (Radcliffe Dept. of Medicine; Oxford)