Advanced Resuscitation Training

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1 Advanced Resuscitation Training DANIEL DAVIS, MD People should not die before they are done living.

2 What makes ART unique? System of care Inpatient & prehospital Approach to education Cognitive psychology Curriculum breadth Reduce preventable death CQI data collection & analytics Six sigma-based Clinical outcomes Consistency across multiple institutions

3 System of Care

4 System of Care Best Practices Scientific Evidence CQI Training Technology

5 The ART Enchilada Screening Monitoring Early recognition Critical care (including procedural) Arrest resuscitation Post-arrest care End-of-life issues External Afferents Internal (Database) Technology Efferents Special projects Training

6 The ART Enchilada Screening Monitoring Early recognition Critical care (including procedural) Arrest resuscitation Post-arrest care End-of-life issues Scientific evidence Scientific evidence Scientific evidence Scientific evidence Scientific evidence Scientific evidence Scientific evidence External Past performance Other institutions Manuals/guides Consensus opinion Past performance Other institutions Manuals/guides Consensus opinion Past performance Other institutions Manuals/guides Consensus opinion Past performance Other institutions Manuals/guides Consensus opinion Past performance Other institutions Manuals/guides Consensus opinion Past performance Other institutions Manuals/guides Consensus opinion Past performance Other institutions Manuals/guides Consensus opinion Best practices Best practices Best practices Best practices Best practices Best practices Best practices Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines Afferents Internal (Database) Arrest rates Patient diagnoses Comorbidities Arrest classifications Preventability Risk-adjusted mortality Process issues Arrest rates Patient diagnoses Comorbidities Arrest classifications Preventability Risk-adjusted mortality Process issues Arrest rates Diagnoses/comorbidities Arrest classifications Rapid response Preventability Risk-adjusted mortality Process issues Arrest rates Diagnoses/comorbidities Arrest classifications Preventability ICU/ventilator days Risk-adjusted mortality Process issues ROSC Survival-to-discharge Good neuro outcomes Arrest-related deaths Arrest classifications CPR process measures Process issues OOHCA survival ROSC-to-survival ratio Temperature management Facilitated PCI Neurocritical care ICU/ventilator days CLBSI/VAP rates Code:DNAR mortality Rate of 2+ Code Blues Advanced directives Family discussions Palliative care consultation Withdrawal Organ donation Manual vitals Manual vitals Manual vitals Manual vitals Monitor Advanced monitoring Advanced monitoring Technology Monitor vitals Advanced monitoring Telemedicine Mechanical ventilation Monitor vitals Advanced monitoring Telemedicine Mechanical ventilation Monitor vitals MEWS/algorithms Advanced monitoring Telemedicine Monitor vitals MEWS/algorithms Advanced monitoring Telemedicine Defibrillator Mechanical compressor Circulatory enhancers Ventilation devices Perfusion Oxygenation Ventilation Temperature management Computer algorithms Prognostication Palliative care Temperature management Circulatory assist devices Circulatory assist devices Mechanical ventilation Mechanical ventilation Temperature management Percutaneous intervention Compassionate extubation Circulatory assist devices Circulatory assist devices ECMO Neurocritical care Family comfort Efferents Special projects Triage/disposition Monitoring Screening approaches Telemedicine Hospital configuration Alternate care strategies Triage/disposition Monitoring Screening approaches Telemedicine Hospital configuration MEWS/algorithms Triage/disposition Monitoring Rapid response Critical care Procedures Non-arrest codes Triage/disposition Monitoring Screening approaches Telemedicine Hospital configuration Alternate care strategies Recognition Monitoring Equipment Code team configuration Protocols Medications Processes Advanced monitoring Equipment Neurocritical care Hospital configuration Protocols Palliative care Prognostication Monitoring/equipment Neurocritical care Hospital configuration Palliative care Prognostication Family issues Organ donation Triage/disposition/monitoring Triage/disposition/monitoring Triage/disposition/monitoring ART Matrix Recognition ROSC Risk stratification ART Matrix ART Matrix ART Matrix Perfusion Compressions POV Prognostication Training Perfusion Oxygenation Ventilation Policies/protocols Perfusion Oxygenation Ventilation Policies/protocols Perfusion Oxygenation Ventilation Policies/protocols Oxygenation Ventilation Monitoring Procedures Ventilations Medications Monitoring Defibrillation Critical monitoring Temperature management Facilitated PCI Neurocritical care Patient/family discussion Conflict resolution Palliative care Ethics Peri-arrest Peri-arrest Peri-arrest Peri-arrest ROSC Reperfusion strategies Organ donation Recognition Recognition Recognition Recognition Rearrest End-of-life discussions

7 Approach to Education

8 How We Teach Cognitive psychology Affective domain Conceptual learning Vertical perspectivism Pattern recognition Multiple modalities Integrated technology

9 Curriculum Breadth

10 What We Teach Arrest prevention The Theory of Everything Arrest resuscitation CPR Island Critical Care Integrated Model of Physiology Airway Management Advanced Airway Resuscitation Training

11 Procedures Airway Resuscitation ACLS/BLS PALS ART NRP ATLS Ventilator Critical Care Specialty

12 The Theory of Everything Cancer Immobilization Coagulopathy Obesity Procedure Cancer Anticoagulation GI bleed ICU Trauma Ventilator COPD Infection Immunocompromised Lines/catheters/tubes Elderly/neonate Shock Acute Coronary Syndrome Coronary Artery Disease Known dysrhythmia Known CHF Renal failure Post-event Lupus Movement (ICU) Stimulation (ICU) Toilet Related Deaths Hypervagal Tracheostomy Secretions Bleeding Known ARDS (ICU) Known sleep apnea Narcotics/sedatives Post-procedure STOP BANG Snorking Asthma/COPD Known pulmonary disease Pulmonary edema Pneumonia Old/young Known TBI Post-craniotomy Undergoing RSI Known CVA Vasculopathy Anti-coagulation Post-craniotomy Brain tumor Elevated ICP AVM Hemorrhage/ Hypovolemia Tamponade/ Tension PTX VF/VT Vagal/block Tracheostomy Lung Disease TBI CVA Other PE Sepsis CHF ARDS Obstruction RSI Circulatory Dysrhythmic Respiratory Neurologic AIM Vitals, labs, x-ray, other AIM Exam, vitals, monitor, ECG AIM Vitals, labs, x-ray, other AIM Exam, vitals, ICP, x-ray, other SHOOT Supine IVF Pressors Blood Etiology-specific therapy VAD, ECMO SHOOT Supine IVF Meds Etiology-specific therapy Pacing, shock SHOOT Upright O 2 BVM PAP Etiology-specific therapy Intubation, ventilator SHOOT Upright osmotic ventilation Etiology-specific therapy Burr, ventriculostomy, surgery

13 Circulatory HR SBP COMPENSATED UNCOMPENSATED Time

14 Respiratory SpO2 RR Tidal Volume COMPENSATED UNCOMPENSATED Time

15 GENERAL ARREST ALGORITHM

16

17 Perfusion Ventilation Oxygenation

18 Prevent Hypoxic Arrest Overall Intubation Success Maximize 1 st Attempt Preoxygenate with NRB +/- NC SaO2>93% NRB 1-3 Preassessment 2 Normal Cric pressure Sedative Paralytic 4 SaO2>93% 1 st Look 5 External laryngeal manipulation (ELM) Assisted ventilation (small volume) 1 Anticipate problem Consider alternative approach 3 Access adjuncts Access cric kit Abandon attempt 6 SaO2 <93% BVM (large volume) 1 Unable to intubate Unsuccessful 1 st Attempt Able to intubate ELM VL, DL (Shoehorn) Supraglottic Unsuccessful 7 Successful BVM 1 /temp supraglottic (Consider other intubator or immediate transport) SaO2>93% Can t intubate, can oxygenate ELM VL, DL (Macler) Bougie Suction Supraglottic Cric Successful SaO2<93% Can t intubate, can t oxygenate Magills Bougie Cric Rapid Airway Access Partial response to BVM Brief attempts Successful Not responding to BVM 1 Two thumbs up BVM, cricoid pressure, NPA/OPA, EtCO2 2 Hypoxemia, Extremes of size, Anatomic disruption/obstruction, Vomit/blood/fluid, Exsanguination, Neck mobility (HEAVEN) 3 VL or DL without paralysis, primary supraglottic/cric 4 Paralytics contraindicated with suspected airway obstruction 5 VL (TBI/trauma/anatomic/extremely large) vs. DL (fluids/speed/extremely small) 6 SpO2 dropping below 93%, recognition of better alternative, bradycardia 7 Consider repeating RSI medications Unsuccessful Supraglottic Cric Successful BVM 1 until return of spontaneous respirations Confirm EtCO2 Chest rise Breath sounds SpO2

19 CQI Data/Analytics

20 ART Data/Analytics Institutional Operational Demographics Antecedent events Intra-arrest Post-arrest Process issues Clinical interpretation

21 Clinical Outcomes

22 Acceptable Compressions CCF (%) (%) Los Angeles EMS 100% 90% Pre ART 88% Post ART 80% 81% 82% 70% 60% 50% 40% Need Graph, % 30% 20% 10% 0% 0% 1% 2% Case 62 (pre) Case 65 (pre) Case 55 (pre) Case 74 (post) Case 72 (post) Case 71 (post)

23 Compressions in Target Before score w/o After score with feedback

24 Intubation Success (%) 100 Air Methods Intubations Overall First Attempt First Attempt without Desaturation Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q

25 ROSC (%) 35 Riverside RVCFD Arrest County Outcomes FD Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q

26 Survival (%) Colton FD Pre-ART Post-ART Survival to ED Admission

27 Survival-to-Discharge (%) UCSD Arrest Survival Survival Current U.S. Benchmark

28 Arrest Incidence (per 1000 admissions) UCSD Non-ICU Arrests Incidence

29 Hospital Mortality (% of Admissions) 2.2 UCSD Overall Hospital Mortality

30 Percent (%) Mayo Florida Mayo Arrest Florida Survival Pre-ART Post-ART Target Rate Target Depth CCF ROSC Survival Good Neuro

31 Survival to Discharge (%) 45 Geisinger Arrest Medical Survival Center

32 Non-ICU Arrests (#) 60 Ochsner Arrest Medical Incidence Center 50 Pre-ART Post-ART Sep/Oct Nov/Dec Jan/Feb Mar/Apr May/Jun Jul/Aug

33 Survival (%) An ART Movement Pre-ART Post-ART UCSD VA Other UC's Mayo ED CPR on Air Medical Santa El Cajon San Riverside Inpatient Witnessed EDArrival Air Barbara Ground Bernardino EMS

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