Index. Addenbrooke s cognitive examination (ACE)

Transcription

1 A Abbreviated mental test (AMT) diagnostic performance, GPCOG, 235 screening instrument, 69 timescales, 248 AB Cognitive Screen 135 (ABCS 135), 256, 257 ABCS 135. See AB Cognitive Screen 135 (ABCS 135) Academic achievement, 218 ACE and revision (ACE-R). See also Addenbrooke s cognitive examination (ACE) clinical diagnosis, amnestic MCI, 217 cognitive screening instruments, 320, 322 dementia evaluation, PD, 327 diagnosis, AD, 324 fluency test, 214 MMSE, 210 neuropsychological omissions and screening performance, 50 TYM comparison, 223 VLOM subscore, 324, 328 ACEapp, 114 ACE-III correlation, 114 dementia, detection of, 117 domain scores of, 113 i-pad based app, 114 item content of, MMSE items, 114 ACE-R. See ACE and revision (ACE-R) AD. See Alzheimer s disease (AD) AD8, AD biomarker phenotypes, 300 Alzheimer pathology biomarkers, 301 CDR and neuropsychological testing, 300 IQCODE, 302 limitations of, MMSE, 302 MRI volumes, 301 non-demented individuals, characteristics and biomarkers of, 302 PET scans, 300 Short Blessed Test, 302 studies acute care setting, 303 Chinese, 305 Japanese, 305 Korean, 305 performance based test, 303 population dementia screening, 304 Portuguese, 304 recovery of function, 304 Spanish, 304 subjective cognitive impairment and insight, 303 ADAS-Cog. See Alzheimer s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Section (ADAS-Cog) Addenbrooke s cognitive examination (ACE) ACE-III, ACEapp, 114 ACE-R domain scores, 113 VLOM ratio, 113 AD (See Alzheimer s disease (AD)) brain injury, 126 cognitive impairment detection, 327 cognitive screening instruments, 321 components, dementia and cognitive impairment description, 118 episodic and semantic memory, 120 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 A.J. Larner (ed.), Cognitive Screening Instruments, DOI /

2 342 Index immunological treatment, 120 misclassification, 120 summary results, cutoffs, depression, description, diagnosis, AD, 324 diagnostic subscores, 51 FTLD, item contents, M-ACE, 114 neuropsychological process, 111 normative studies, 118 Parkinsonian syndromes, patient groups, 112 reliability, 111 scoring pattern, 112 screening instruments cognitive scales, 127 IADL scale, 130 IQCODE and ACE-R scores correlation, 130 MMSE, MoCA, TYM, semantic index (SI), 328 stroke and vascular dementia, translations, 114, 115 ADRD. See Alzheimer s disease and related dementias (ADRD) Ala score, Lewy bodies dementia, 59 60, 125 Alzheimer Association, 299 Alzheimer s disease (AD), 18, 268, 299 ACE/ACE-R, AD8 (see AD8) ADAS-Cog, 320 Ala subscore, 125 attentional and visuospatial functions impairment, 59 cognitive disorders clinics, 323 cognitive profiles, patients, 92 deficits, smmse, 51 dementia subtypes, 5 DemTect construction, 198 description, 122 differential diagnosis, 58 domains, cognitive, 55 episodic memory function and dementia, 54 evolution, 324 fmri activation/pet glucose metabolism, 145 and FTD, FTLD, 322 Hachinski ischemic score, 325 and MCI, memory impairment, 321 mild and moderate dementia groups, 92 neurodegenerative process, 325 performance pattern, 93 pharmacotherapies, 6 Poppelreuter figure, 321 quantitative analysis, clock drawings, 92 ROC analysis, 92 screening test, 324 semantic memory impairment, 142 sensitivity, 148 simple scoring method, 82 spatial perception/attention impairment, 142 subtypes, dementia, 5 TYM test, 210, 217, 218 VLOM ratio, 122, 123 Alzheimer s disease and related dementias (ADRD), 298 Alzheimer s Disease Assessment Scale- Cognitive Section (ADAS-Cog), 267, 269, 320, 325 AMT. See Abbreviated mental test (AMT) Anosognosia, 303 Area under the curve (AUC), 24, 202 B BMET. See Brief memory and executive test (BMET) Brain tumors, Brief memory and executive test (BMET), 325 Brief screening cognitive impairment, 237 IQCODE, 276 MoCA, 141 primary care setting, 204 C Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD3), 148 CCCDTD3. See Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD3) CDCIG. See Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (CDCIG) CDR. See Clinical dementia rating (CDR) CDT. See Clock drawing test (CDT)

3 CERAD. See Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer s Disease (CERAD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), CIND. See Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) 6-CIT. See Six-item cognitive impairment test (6-CIT) Clinical dementia rating (CDR), 267, 299, 302, 304, 306 GPCOG total score, 235 mild cognitive impairment, 320 MMSE score, 42 Clinical utility CDTs, 90, 102 Qmci screen, 268 Clock drawing test (CDT), , administration disadvantages, 70 predictive validity, 71 test instructions, patients, 71 visual representation, cognitive functioning, 70 cognitive screening test, 68 cultural, ethnic, and educational considerations cognitive screening instrument, 101 conceptual errors, 101 DAT, 101 Freedman s scoring protocol, 100 MMSE scores, 101 numerous studies, 100 screening tool, 102 dementia and MCI, 142 description, 68 longitudinal monitoring, neurologic conditions delirium, description, 91 HD and PD, metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia, 98 stroke, TBI, VaD and AD, popularity assessment tools, 69 CFPC, 69 in clinicians, 69 IPA, 70 MMSE measures, 69 primary care practice, predictive validity MCI, normal aging, PubMed/MEDLINE database, 68 Qmci, scoring systems algorithm, 83 arbitrary cut-off score, 78 CERAD scoring method, 81 Chinese population, 82 classification, 81 clock setting, 71 CLOX, 83 cognitive impairment, 78 comparison, counterclockwise placement, 82 derived tasks, 81 description, errors, 71, 80, 81 goal, 83 memory clinics, 83 MMSE and SMSQ, 71 quantitative and qualitative aspects, 81 sensitivity, 71, 80 severity scores, 71, 79 Shulman s current practice, 71 SSS, 82 semantic memory impairment, 142 Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (CDCIG), 16, 30 Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Test Methods Group, 16, 30 Cognitive decline ACE scores, 121 vs. IQCODE-SR, 287, 288, 290 MoCA, 157 non-nsle, 168 pathological causes, 51 physiological, 4 temporal orientation, 147 Cognitive impairment. See Six-item cognitive impairment test (6-CIT) Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), 284, 291 Cognitive screening. See also Cognitive screening instrument (CSI) abilities, 101 Canadian family practitioners, 69 CDT, 68 clinician administration, 321 in clinicians, 68 DemTect tool, 198, 203, 205

4 344 Index Cognitive screening. See also Cognitive screening instrument (CSI) (cont.) GPCOG, 232 meta-analysis, multidomain, 55 MMSE, 50, 70 MoCA, 152, 178 numerous studies, 100, 101 primary care, 318 telephone administration, 57 Cognitive screening instrument (CSI), 256 AD, 5 cognitive test accuracy assessment, partial completion of, dementia, reference standards for, 26 incorporation bias, 27 comparing tests, statistical methods, 17 dementia diagnostic accuracy assessments, 16 meta-analysis, description, 4 5 desiderata (see Desiderata) highly sensitive and specific tests, 6 interpretability, test accuracy results, medical activities, 6 MMSE, 50, 110 MoCA, 149, 178 neurological disorder, 328 nomenclature, test accuracy DTA question, 17 index test, 18 reference standard, target condition, target population, 20 physiological cognitive decline, 4 population screening, dementia, 4 screening and visuospatial copying tasks, 101 sensitivity and specificity, 6 study design and reporting QUADAS tool, 28 STARD, suspected diagnosis AD and MCI, attended alone sign, 323 FTLD, multiple sclerosis, 323 PDD and DLB, VaD/VCI, 325, 326 systematic and unbiased, 329 telephone administration, 57 test accuracy metrics index test and reference standard, cross classification of, 21 paired measures, 20 predictive values, ROC plots, sensitivity and specificity, two by two table, 21 test characteristics general vs. specific cognitive functions, 321 patient vs. informant scales, primary vs. secondary care settings, 316, quantitative vs. qualitative scales, 322 underdiagnosis, dementia, 4 utility, MMP, 58 WHO screening criteria, 5 Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer s Disease (CERAD) cognitive battery, 320 dementia screening performance, 88 Mendez system, 84 neuropsychological testing, point scoring system, 79 CSI. See Cognitive screening instrument (CSI) D Delayed recall, 261 Delirium CAM questionnaire, 93 cognitive disorders, clinical practice, 39 confusion assessment method, 93 decompression lumbar laminectomy, 94 diagnostic validity, elective orthopedic surgery, 93 MMSE applications, 38 neurologic conditions, 91 postoperative cognitive dysfunction, 94 temporal orientation, 147 Dementia, AD, case levels, 243 and cognitive impairment, diagnosis, subtypes, diagnostic validity early, severity, ideal screening instrument, 243 MMSE, 245 3MS, 52 screening AD8 (see AD8) ADRD, 298 early detection benefits, 299 informant based instruments, 298

5 performance based test, 299 QDRS, screening tool, 243, 248 sensitivity and specificity, 59 and stroke, tests, 325, 326 vascular, 59 Dementia rating scale (DRS) of Mattis, 320, 323 Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). See Parkinson s disease dementia (PDD) DemTect, administration time, 201 clinical practice and scientific contexts, construction and administration demands, 198 shift errors, 198, 199 subtests, description, 198 neural correlation, 203 psychometric criteria sensitivity and specificity, 202, 203 total transformed score, 202 retest effects explicit/implicit learning effects, 201 parallel test versions, 201, 202 shift errors, 199, 201 scoring age correction, 200 transformation tables, 199 SIMARD, 204 total transformed score, Desiderata educational and cultural biases, 8 factors, patient performance, 8 features, 7 neuropsychological assessment, 8 primary care settings, 7 Diagnosis ACE and ACE-R, ACE-III, ACEapp, 114 dementia, 4 depression, 121 FTLD and FLD, 328, 329 M-ACE, 114 MCI, 90 MMSE, 53 Diagnostic accuracy bedside cognitive test, 46 MCI, detection of, MMSE, cognitive impairment, 39, 40 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Diagnostic validity delirium, dementia early, severity, Doxycycline and Rifampicin for Alzheimer s Disease trial (DARAD) trial, 267 DRS. See Dementia rating scale (DRS) E Electronic MoCA (e-moca), 177 F FAB. See Frontal assessment battery (FAB) False positive fraction (FPF), 22 False positive rate (FPR), 22 fmri. See Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) FPF. See False positive fraction (FPF) FPR. See False positive rate (FPR) Frontal assessment battery (FAB), 166, 327 FRONTIER executive screen (FES), 328 Frontotemporal dementia, 268 Frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLDs) behavioral variant and diagnosis, 327 cognitive function test, 328 cognitive impairment, 131 description, diagnosis, 328 FAB, 327 linguistic variants, 124 memory and verbal fluency subtests, 122 tests, 327, 328 FTLDs. See Frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLDs) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri), 141, 142, 290 G GDS. See Global deterioration scale (GDS) General practitioner (GP). See General practitioner assessment of cognition (GPCOG) General practitioner assessment of cognition (GPCOG), , 266 advantages, CIT, 250 demographic and biases, 235 description, 232 development, 233 diagnostic utility, 235, 236 functional abilities concerning problems, 234

6 346 General practitioner assessment of cognition (GPCOG), (cont.) incremental predictive value, 234 paper-and-pencil work-sheets, 232 patient and GP acceptability, 236 patient cognitive assessment, 233 samples, scoring rules, 234 screening measures, dementia, 248 screening tools, 237 test instructions, threshold effects, 235 Geriatric Assessment Tool (GAT), 267 Global deterioration scale (GDS), 245, 320 GPCOG. See General practitioner assessment of cognition (GPCOG) H Hard TYM (H-TYM), HD. See Huntington s disease (HD) Hearing impaired, MMSE, 56 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 172 Huntington s disease (HD) description, 94 95, 164, 167 neurological and psychiatric disorders, 68, 91 subcortical dementia, 143 I IADL. See Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (Idiopathic RBD), 169 Idiopathic RBD. See Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (Idiopathic RBD) Informant CDT, 102 functional abilities concerning problems, 234 GPCOG, 237 incremental predictive value, 234 IQCODE, 276 scoring rules, 234 Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), 27, 130, , 302 administration and score, bias and limitations, 291 CDT examples, 316, 318 description, 276 diagnosis, AD, 324 history and development cognitive domains, 276 dementia screening instruments, 278 short form, neuroimaging correlation, 287 neuropsychological correlation, postoperative delirium, 289 psychometric characteristics, 283 retrospective estimate post-pharmacological treatment, 288 poststroke/trauma, post-surgery, 288 self-assessment fmri, 290 IADL, 290 longitudinal study, 290 neurodegenerative diseases, 289 scores, 290 systematic reviews, validation vs. clinical diagnosis CIND, 284 MMSE, 284 neurodegenerative diseases, 284 screening tool, dementia, 284 Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), 130 ACE-R studies, 130 cognitive performance, 290 MoCA, 158 International Classification of Disease (ICD), 20 Inverse scoring method, 245 IQCODE. See Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) L Lawton-Brody scale, 267 Logical memory, Index M MCI. See Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Memory gym intervention, 268 Memory impairment screen (MIS) anterograde amnesia test, 321 clinical suspicion diagnosis, cognitive screening instruments, 317 GPCOG, 250 primary care setting, 237 screening measures, dementia, 248 Memory index score (MIS), 147, 152, 157 Memory orientation screening test (MOST ), 54 Metabolic syndrome, 98 99

7 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 18 and AD, amnestic, 221, 222 CLOX subtests, 90 criteria, 90 description, 90 quantitative and qualitative scoring method, 90 Rouleau method, 91 scoring system, 91 sensitivity and specificity values, subtypes, 90 suspected AD test, Mini-Addenbrooke s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE), 114, 117, 247 Mini-mental Parkinson (MMP), 58, 326 Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), 17, 37 48, 49 66, 298, 302 ability, 50 ACE-R and ACE, 113 AD8, 302 CDT administration, 70 71, 89 6-CIT, 242 comparison, TYM and ACE-R, 223 DemTect, 205 description, 50 diagnostic validity delirium, early dementia, MCI (see Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) severity dementia, history and development grading cognitive impairment, 38 normative data, 39 implementation, optimal cutoff scores, 148, 149 PD and PDD, 326 post-pharmacological treatment, 288 schizophrenia, 98 structure and reliability, 38 subscores (see MMSE subscores) theoretically motivated revisions, 50 variants (see MMSE variants) MIS. See Memory index score (MIS) MMblind (MMSE-blind), MMP. See Mini-mental Parkinson (MMP) MMSE. See Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) MMSE subscores dementia Lewy bodies, Ala score, description, 58 vascular dementia, 59 MMSE variants 347 hearing impaired, 56 MMblind, MMP, 58 3MS, severe, short forms cognitive impairment, 53 cohorts and scores, 53 diagnosis, AD, 53 D8-MMSE items, 55 episodic memory function, 54 medical and neurological settings, 53 MOST, 54 SIS, 54 smmse, 51 telephone adaptations, 57 vision, MoCA. See Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) MoCA-B. See Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) Modified mini-mental state examination (3MS) description, IQCODE, 283 MMSE variants, 60 telephone versions, MMSE, 57 Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), 17, , 266 alternate/parallel MoCA versions, 178 blind, 174 brain tumors, cognitive screening instruments, 321, 322 concentration and calculation letter A tapping test, 144 serial 7 subtractions, conditions, COPD, delayed recall, demographic effect, age and gender effect, education and literacy effect, description, 141 development and validation CCCDTD3, 148 NRS, 148 optimal cutoff scores, 148, 149 practical approach, 149, 150 vascular cognitive impairment, diagnosis, MCI, 324 digit span, e-moca, 177 epilepsy, 171 HD, 164, 167

8 348 Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) (cont.) HIV, 172 idiopathic RBD, 169 intercultural multi-lingual norms, 177 language letter F fluency, 145 sentence repetition, 145 learning effects, 178 low educated population, MCI and AD, A 5 min, 176 MIS, 152 naming, 143 normative data, 172, 175, 176 orientation, 147 OSA, PD and PDD, , 326 perisylvian glucose metabolism, 146 PPA, 170 rehabilitation, 171 SLE, 168 substance use disorders, training and certification program, 178 validation, VCI, visuospatial/executive CDT, cognitive mechanisms, 142 trail making test, 141 WST, 146 Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), MS. See Modified mini-mental state examination (3MS) N National Guideline Clearinghouse, 299 National Institute of Neurological Disorders, 303 Negative predictive value (NPV), 22 Neuro Rive-Sud (NRS) community memory clinic, 148 Normal aging FIM scores, 89 healthy community-dwelling adults, 88 MMSE scores, 89 retrospective study, 88 O Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), 170 OSA. See Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) Index P Parkinsonian syndromes, , 131, 327 Parkinson s disease (PD) ACE, 124 amnestic MCI, 144 cognitive domains, 164 derivatives, MMSE, 58 MoCA, phonemic fluency, 145 scores, 164 sensitive testing, 164 single domain impairment, 163 visual and executive cognitive functions, 326 WMH patients, 142 Parkinson s disease dementia (PDD) cognitive impairment, 164 sensitivity and specificity, 164 tests, PD. See Parkinson s disease (PD) PDD. See Parkinson s disease dementia (PDD) PERsonalised ICT Supported Service for Independent Living and Active Ageing (PERSSILAA), 267 Positive predictive value (PPV), 22 Primary care cognitive screening instruments, focus examination, episodic memory, 7 GPCOG, 237 medical and neurological settings, 53 MMSE, 70 professionals, 205 UK postal survey study, 243 Q QDRS. See Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) Q * index, 128 QMC. See Quick Memory Check (QMC) Qmci. See Quick mild cognitive impairment (Qmci) screen Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS), 28 Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS), Quick Memory Check (QMC), 269 Quick mild cognitive impairment (Qmci) screen, ABCS 135, 256 ADAS-cog, 269 clinical utility of, 268 QMC, 269 scoring and administration guidelines

9 CDT, delayed recall, 261 logical memory, orientation, registration, 260 verbal fluency, 261 translations of, 268 validation characteristics, 263 concurrent validity, construct validity, 267 content validity, 262, 266 cut-off scores, psychometric properties, R Receiver operating characteristics (ROC), 23 24, 262 AUC, 202 CDT, 92 6-CIT, 246 MCI scoring systems, 89 single short-iqcode, 258 Reliability ACE and ACE-R, 111, 112 and structure, MMSE, 38 ROC. See Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) S SBT. See Short blessed test (SBT) Schizophrenia, 98 Screening. See Cognitive screening instrument (CSI) Semantic index (SI), 124, 328 Sensitivity. See also Sensitivity and specificity diagnostic validity, delirium, provisional evidence, dementia, 41 Sensitivity and specificity ACE, 118, 125 dementia and subtypes, 6 DemTect, 202, 203 diagnosis, DLB, 59 diagnostic validity, MMSE, 40 IQCODE, 288 MMSE cutoff score, 55 MoCA, 148, 152 normative studies, 200 PDD, point scoring system, 92 test/examination, disease, 5 VLOM subscore, Short blessed test (SBT), 242, 250, 302 Short cognitive test TYM test, 210, 215, 226 types, dementia, 222 SI. See Semantic index (SI) SIS. See Six-item screener (SIS) SIVD. See Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) Six-item cognitive impairment test (6CIT), , 266 content, diagnosis, dementia subtypes, scoring, 249 time, visual impairment, 250 CDT, 318 6CIT 7/8 cutoff, description, 242 diagnostic utility GPCOG, Mini-Cog, and MIS, 248 vs. MMSE, 245 sensitivity score, 245 GMS, 243 inverse scoring method, 245 M-ACE, 247 MoCA, 247 primary care settings, 246 questions, 244 SBT and metabolic syndrome, 250 scale and validation, 242 screening instruments, 69 screening tool, 245 secondary care cognitive disorders clinic, 246 Six-item screener (SIS) description, 54 telephone administration, 57 SLE. See Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) smmse. See Standardized mini-mental state examination (smmse) Standardized mini-mental state examination (smmse), 51, 262 Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy statement (STARD), Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network protocol, 303 Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), 126, 163, 325 Subjective cognitive deficits (SCD), 256 Subscore. See also MMSE subscores elements, MMSE, 59 semantic index (SI), 124 VLOM ratio, 113, 124, 324 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 168

10 350 Index T TBI. See Traumatic brain injury (TBI) Telephone adaptations, MMSE, 57 Telephone MoCA (T-MoCA), 176 Test characteristics general vs. specific cognitive functions, 321 patient vs. informant scales, primary vs. secondary care settings ADAS-Cog and CERAD, 320 CDR and GDS, 320 DRS, 320 duration and MMSE, 319 microscreening, 319 observation, 320 surveys, 318 quantitative vs. qualitative scales cutoffs definition, 322 global and subscores, 322 tests, 322 Test screening ACE and ACE-R, 130 BMET, 325 CDT, 68 clinical observations, 320 cognitive impairment, DemTect, 198 IQCODE, 283 patient ethnicity, 8 TYM test, 218 Test your memory (TYM) testing, , administration, 211 amnestic MCI, 221 cognitive screening instruments, 322 cultural bias, 224 dementia CQUIN, description, 210 general neurology clinics, 223 help, patients, 215 hospital inpatients, H-TYM, index study AD, 217, 218 educational effects, 218 MCI, 217 memory clinic controls, 217 scoring, 218 medical supervision, 321 MMSE and ACE-R, 223 non-ad, origins, requirements ACE-R, 211 cognitive functions, 211 design, features, marks distribution, 214 safety, scoring, self-testing, 224 UK validation, 219 uses, validation, visual/physical problems, 224 website, 226 TIA. See Transient ischemic attack (TIA) TNF. See True negative fraction (TNF) TNR. See True negative rate (TNR) TPF. See True positive fraction (TPF) TPR. See True positive rate (TPR) Transient ischemic attack (TIA), Traumatic brain injury (TBI) CDT total score, 97 CLOX, 97 cognitive impairment, 144 neuroanatomical correlation, 97 neurological and psychiatric disorder, 68 True negative fraction (TNF), 22 True negative rate (TNR), 22 True positive fraction (TPF), 22 True positive rate (TPR), 22 TYM. See Test your memory (TYM) testing V VaD. See Vascular dementia (VaD) Validity ACE-R, 126 CDT and MCI, normal aging, telephone-administered MMSE, 57 Variant. See MMSE variants Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease, 157 MoCA, 157, screening test, 325 symptomatic cerebrovascular disease functional dependency, 158 heart failure, 158 monitoring, treatment, 163 post-stroke/tia, SIVD, 163

11 351 Vascular dementia (VaD) AD, BMET, 325 cerebrovascular disease and heterogeneity, 325 cognitive disorders clinics, 323 description, 59 Hachinski ischemic score, 325, 326 screening and diagnostic checklist, 325 and stroke, tests, 325, 326 VCI, 325 VCI. See Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) Visually impaired, cognitive screening instrument, 57 W Wechsler similarities test (WST), 146 Weighted comparison (WC), 128 WST. See Wechsler similarities test (WST) Y Youden Index, 21, 267