PARKING FOR. INSTITUTIONS AND SPECIAL EVENTS. EdWard M. Whitlock, P.E. " " ,, 1 1., 1 ' ' 1

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1 PARKING FOR. INSTITUTIONS AND SPECIAL EVENTS EdWard M. Whitlock, P.E , í - ',, " ",,...., ' ' t ' ' I. ' ' ENO FOUNDA TION FOR TRANSPORTA TION, INC. WESTPORT 982 CONNECTICUT

2 PARKING FOR INSTITUTIONS AND SPECIAL EVENTS Edward M. Whitlock, P.E. THE ENO FOUNDA TION FOR TRANSPORTA TION, INC. WESTPORT 982 CONNECTICUT

3 Eno Foundation for Transportation Box 55, Saugatuck Station Westport, Connecticut Tel BOARD OF DIRECTORS WILBUR S. SMITH, Columbia, South Carolina, Chairman RüBERT S HOLMES, Westport, Connecticut, President HAROLD F. HAMMOND, Washington, D.C., Vice-President CHARLOTTE K. MUNGER, New Haven, Connecticut, Secretary and Treasurer H. BURR KELSEY, West Orange,,New Jersey MARK D. RoBESON, Shawnee Mission, Kansas RüLAND A. 0UELLETTE, Washington, 0.C. HONORARY BOARD OF DIRECTORS K. MARTIN PURALA, Forest Hills, New York EDITORIAL ST AFF WILBUR S. SMITH, Editor-in-Chie( ROBERT S. HOLMES, Managing Editor RoBERT A. WEANT, Technica/ Editor ANN S. POTTER, Editorial Assistant Eno Foundation was established by William Phe!ps Eno in 92. lts purpose is to help to improve transportation in al! its aspects through the conduct and encouragement of appropriate research and educationa! activities, and through the publication.and distribution of information pertaining to transportation planning, design, operation, and regulation. One of the objectives of the Eno Foundation is to encourage the dissemination of ideas, opinions, and facts relating to the íield of transportation. The facts, opinions and conclusions set forth herein are those of the author. They do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of the Eno Foundation nor can the Foundation assume any responsibility for the accuracy or validity of any of the information contained therein. 982, by the Eno Foundation for Transportation, lnc. Ali rights reserved under lnternational Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Reproduction of the whole or any part without written permission of the copyright holder is prohibited. Library of Congress catalog number Printed in the United States of America.

4 CONTENTS List of Tables. List of Figures FOREWORD. CHAPTER - INTRODUCTION Recent Trends Hospitals and Medica! Centers. Colleges and Universities Special Event Parking Purpose and Scope CHAPTER - HOSPIT ALS AND MEDICAL CENTERS Hospital Types Travel and Parking Characteristics Hospitals and Medica! Center Population.. Mode of Travel Parking Accumulation and Duration Patterns Planning far Medica! lnstitution Parking Parking Space Needs Financia! Considerations Functional Design Considerations.. CHAPTER - COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. Travel and Parking Characteristics.... University Population Travel Mode and Parker Accumulation Planning far Campus Parking. Determining Parking Needs.... Financia! Considerations Functional Design Considerations. CHAPTER IV - SPECIAL EVENT PARKING. Special Event Parking Characteristics. Travel Mode.... Vehicle Occupancy IV V VII

5 Planning Considerations for Special Event Parking. Parking at Facilities lntended for Special Events. T emporary Parking for Special Events CHAPTER V - GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERA TIONS. Parking Efficiency Zoning and Building Codes. Structured Versus Surface Parking. Environmental Considerations. Parking Dimension Variations. Accommodating the Small Car Conclusion. APPENDIX A.. BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX LIST OF TABLES Table l. Recent Activity Trends: Hospitals and Medica! Centers in the United States 6. Daily Population Distribution: General Hospitals and Medica! Centers 7. Summary of Daily Population Activity at Medica! Facilities... 7 IV. Automobile Usage by Trip Purpose: Selected General Hospitals... 9 V. Percent of People Arriving at General Hospitals by Automobile 9 VI. Typical Daily Activities: Hospitals and Medica! Centers VII. Frequency Distribution of Parking Durations VIII. Hour of Peak Parking Space Demand: Hospital and Medica! Center Demand Segments. 6 IX. Financia! Considerations of Medica! Facility Parking Systems X. University Population Trends XI. Utilization of Automobile as Mode of Arrival: Selected Universities 25 XII. Summary of Parking Space Ratios: Selected Universities XIII. Daily University Population Characteristics XIV. Summary of University Parking Space Needs..... XV. Financia! Considerations of University Parking Systems XVI. Mode of Arrival to Various Special Events XVII. Prívate Vehicle Occupancy Characteristics by Type of Special Event. XVIII. Comparison of Parking Spaces at Selected Stadia XIX. Financia! Considerations of A Stadium Parking System XX. Preliminary Planning Considerations for Parking Facility Development XXI. Existing Off-Street Zoning Requirements for Parking at lnstitutional Buildings. XXII. Typical Building Code Requirements: Handicapped Parking Spaces. XXIII. Ranges in Parking Bay Widths for Different Stall Layouts Page

6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure. Activity trends of annual hospital admissions and outpatient visits 2 2. Growth trends of college and university populations Hospital activity indexes Hourly accumulation of parkers by type S. Accumulation patterns of hospital staff Accumulation patterns of hospital visitors and patients. 7. Parking space needs of general hospitals Parking space needs of medica! centers Peak-hour parking space requirements for staff at selected general hospitals and medica! centers 7 0. Peak-hour parking space requirements for visitors at selected general hospitals and medica! centers Hpspital parking space allocation for typical weekday Accumulation of employee parkers at géneral hospitals and medica! centers Accumulation patterns of daytime student parkers Accumulation patterns of daytime staff parkers Daily accumulation of all university parkers Peak-hour parking space needs of universities as compared to average daily population Peak-hour parking space needs of universities as comparéd to daily auto driver population 3 8. Typical weekday accumulation of parked vehicles Convention Center Parking Study, Buffalo, New York lnventory of off-street parking facilities: Convention Center Parking Study Buffalo, New York One method of providing a self-enforcing mix of stall sizes Page