PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT POSITIVE DISINTEGRATION KAZIMIERZ D BROWSKI. William Tillier, M.Sc. 1 THROUGH THE WORK OF. Foreword by Sal Mendaglio, Ph.D.

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1 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH POSITIVE DISINTEGRATION THE WORK OF KAZIMIERZ D BROWSKI William Tillier, M.Sc. 1 Foreword by Sal Mendaglio, Ph.D.

2 EXPANDED TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments...vii Table of Contents... ix Expanded Table of Contents... xi Foreword... xvii Overview... xxi Who was Kazimierz D browski?... xxi What is in this Book?... xxii A Note on Organization.... xxii What Is so Special About D browski s Personality Theory?... xxiii 1.D browski s Unique Approach to Mental Health and Development Positive Mental Health Marie Jahoda Positive mental health is not the absence of symptoms Standards of normality Values and value development Adjustment The importance of adjustment and maladjustment Negative maladjustment Negative adjustment Positive maladjustment Positive adjustment From what is to what ought to be... 16

3 xii Expanded Table of Contents xiii 1 3. Development Personality Personality versus individuality The achievement of personality A Synopsis of D browski s Approach What D browski Shares in Common with Other Approaches to Development Chapter Summary Multilevelness, Multidimensionality and D browski s Five Levels Multilevelness Multidimensionality Levels versus Stages Diagnosis and Assessment D browski s Five Levels of Human Functioning Level I: Primary (or primitive) integration, integrated unilevelness Level II: Unilevel disintegration Level III: Spontaneous multilevel disintegration Level IV: Organized or directed multilevel disintegration Level V: Secondary integration integrated multilevelness Chapter Summary Developmental Potential The Three Factors of Development The Role of Instincts Developmental Potential Overexcitability Sensory Processing Sensitivity Other aspects of developmental potential Chapter Summary The Developmental Process and Psychoneuroses Approaches to Integration Approaches to Disintegration D browski s Types and Degrees of Disintegration Positive Disintegration Neuroses and Psychoneuroses Historical overview Sigmund Freud s views on neuroses Abraham Maslow s views on neuroses Psychoneurosis D browski s perspective on neuroses and psychoneuroses Chapter Summary Key Psychological Structures of Development Dynamisms Unilevel dynamisms Ambivalence Ambitendency Spontaneous multilevel dynamisms Astonishment with oneself and one s environment Disquietude with oneself Dissatisfaction with oneself Feelings of inferiority toward oneself Feelings of shame and guilt Positive maladjustment Creativity Organized multilevel dynamisms The third factor Self-awareness and self-control Education-of-oneself Autopsychotherapy Inner psychic transformation Subject-object in oneself Empathy and identification with oneself and with others Hierarchization Dynamisms characterizing secondary integration Feeling and attitude of responsibility for oneself and for others Autonomy and authentism Disposing and directing center on a high level Personality ideal The Inner Psychic Milieu Emotion in D browski s Theory A brief review of emotions in a general context A brief review of emotions and moral judgment Emotions in D browski s approach Emotional intelligence The Hierarchy of Values Psychological Types

4 xiv Expanded Table of Contents xv The primitively integrated type The positively integrated type The positively disintegrated type The chronically disintegrated type (developmentally neutral type) The negatively disintegrated type Chapter Summary The Foundations of D browski s Approach Plato and Multilevelness Essence and Existentialism The Average Person as Automaton The Average Person as Being Asleep Socialization Squelches Autonomy Kierkegaard s crowd Nietzsche s herd Exemplars of Advanced Development Disintegration in the Process of Development Four Major Themes Chapter Summary D browski in Context The Role of Suffering and Suicide in Development The tragic sense of life Suicide: Surviving authentic development Suicide is complicated Dynamisms and overexcitability create intense experiences Suicide is different at different levels Some dilemmas of suicide Some myths about suicide The role of trauma in suicide Self-harm The role of therapy in suicide Postvention with those impacted by suicide Crisis Intervention Posttraumatic Growth Positive Psychology Maslow and positive psychology Seligman s contribution Selected Approaches to Personality Development Carl Jung Erik Erikson Abdol Reza Arasteh Robert Kegan Self-authorship Contemporary personality theory The Legacy of John Hughlings Jackson Creativity Overexcitability versus Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Overexcitability as Heightened Awareness Curiosity Neuropsychological Views of Overexcitability Overexcitability Neural networks Neuronal excitability Overexcitability: Evolving research support Other contemporary approaches Chapter Summary The Role of Self-actualization in D browski s Approach Self-actualization Kurt Goldstein Abraham Maslow Maslow s self-actualization Maslow s features of self-actualization Other theories of self-actualization Maslow and D browski The animal-human continuum Actualization of the self as-is Developmental potential Similarities between D browski and Maslow Multilevel-actualization Chapter Summary Education D browski s General Approach to Education Self-education (Education-of-oneself) Issues in Gifted Education D browski and the Gifted Applications of D browski to Gifted Populations

5 xvi Overexcitability and the gifted Psychoneuroses, positive disintegration, and the gifted Anxiety and the gifted Depression and the gifted Suicide and the gifted Chapter Summary Conclusion Appendix 1. A Biography of Kazimierz D browski A-1. D browski s Early Life and Education A-2. World War II A-3. Imprisonment under Stalin and Rehabilitation A-4. The 1960s: D browski Establishes Roots in North America A-5. The 1970s: A Final Flurry of Activity A-6. Dissemination of D browski s Legacy A-7. D browski Conferences A-8. Scientific Memberships A-9. Other Accomplishments Appendix 2. Selected Resources Relating to D browski, References Notes Index