Interventions for Reversing Delayed-Onset Postoperative Paraplegia After Thoracic Aortic Reconstruction
|
|
- Griffin Sharp
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Interventions for Reversing Delayed-Onset Postoperative Paraplegia After Thoracic Aortic Reconstruction Albert T. Cheung, MD, Stuart J. Weiss, MD, PhD, Michael L. McGarvey, MD, Mark M. Stecker, MD, PhD, Michael S. Hogan, BS, Alison Escherich, MPH, and Joseph E. Bavaria, MD Departments of Anesthesia, Neurology, and Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland Background. Delayed postoperative paraplegia is a recognized complication of thoracic (TAA) or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to treat delayed-onset paraplegia. Methods. Between January 1, 2000 and August 31, 2001, 99 patients underwent surgical repair of TAA, Crawford type I, II, or III TAAA. Standard intraoperative management included distal aortic perfusion and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage unless contraindicated. Therapeutic interventions to treat delayed paraplegia included lumbar CSF drainage and vasopressor therapy. Results. Three of the 99 patients had paraplegia upon awakening. Delayed-onset paraplegia occurred in 8 patients, 2 of whom had recurrent episodes. In those 8 patients, the initial episode occurred at a median of 21.6 hours (range 6.4 to hours) after surgery and the second episode averaged 176 hours after surgery. At the onset of paraplegia, the average mean arterial pressure was 74 mm Hg and CSF pressure was 14 mm Hg. Three of the 8 patients had a functioning CSF catheter at the onset and the other 5 patients had catheters subsequently placed. Therapeutic interventions increased blood pressure to a mean arterial pressure of 95 mm Hg and decreased CSF pressure to 10 mm Hg. Five of the 8 patients with delayed-onset paraplegia made a full neurologic recovery and 3 had partial recovery. Conclusions. Patients with delayed-onset paraplegia had an increased chance of recovery as compared with those patients in whom paraplegia was diagnosed upon emergence from anesthesia. Acute interventions directed to increase spinal cord perfusion by increasing systemic blood pressure and decreasing CSF pressure were effective for the reversal of delayed onset of paraplegia after TAA or TAAA repair, resulting in an overall 3% incidence of permanent paraplegia and 3% incidence of residual paraparesis. (Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:413 21) 2002 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Paraplegia is a well-recognized and morbid complication of thoracic (TAA) or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair [1 8]. In most reported cases of postoperative paraplegia, it has been difficult to identify the exact time of onset, the factors that may have contributed to the development of spinal cord ischemia, or whether therapeutic interventions were effective for the treatment of this complication. In many of the cases, the delayed onset of paraplegia temporally followed episodes of hypotension, suggesting that the neurologic deficit was related in part to hypoperfusion [1, 9, 6, 10]. Beginning in January 2000, a multidisciplinary team was assembled at the University of Pennsylvania to address specifically the clinical management of postoperative paraplegia after TAA and TAAA repair. The Presented at the Thirty-eighth Annual Meeting of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Jan 28 30, Address reprint requests to Dr Cheung, Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Ravdin 4 Courtyard, Philadelphia, PA ; cheunga@ uphs.upenn.edu. objective was to detect and diagnose postoperative paraplegia at its onset in order to institute immediate therapeutic interventions to improve spinal cord perfusion. This study assessed the effectiveness of interventions to treat postoperative paraplegia to test the hypothesis that patients with delayed-onset postoperative paraplegia had the potential to recover neurologic function. Material and Methods All patients undergoing TAA or TAAA repair from January 1, 2000 to August 31, 2001 were prospectively entered into a clinical database. Patients in this database with postoperative paraplegia were identified and analyzed. TAAA were classified according to Crawford type I to IV. In addition, aneurysms isolated to the thoracic aorta (TAA) were included. Descending aneurysms with concomitant distal arch extension were also included (Table 1). Patients with Crawford type IV aortic aneurysms repaired without using extracorporeal circulation were not included in the prospective database. Aneu by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons /02/$22.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc PII S (02)
2 414 CHEUNG ET AL Ann Thorac Surg REVERSAL OF POSTOPERATIVE PARAPLEGIA 2002;74: Table 1. Patient Demographics Total 99 patients n Redo Dissection d TAA a 40 13% 10% Stent Grafts 12 8% Thoracoabdominal b 40 38% 20% Extent I TAAA 19 21% Extent II TAAA 9 44% Extent III TAAA 12 0% Distal arch TAA/TAAA c 19 26% 47% (hypothermia with HCA/RCP) Distal Arch TAA 9 67% Distal Arch TAAA 10 30% a TAA were defined as aneurysms within the chest between the left subclavian artery and the diaphragm. They included 4 patients with combined ascending aortic aneurysm and descending thoracic aortic aneurysm replacement. b TAAA were classified according to the standard Crawford criteria. c Included 2 patients with total thoracic aortic replacement. d Only 2 patients had acute dissections. TAA thoracic aortic aneurysm; TAAA thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm; HCA hypothermic circulatory arrest; RCP retrograde cerebral perfusion. rysm etiology included atherosclerotic disease, chronic dissection, and saccular aneurysms. All patients had a narcotic-based general anesthetic with inhaled isoflurane in oxygen. A 0.7-mm ID lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage catheter (MoniTorr ICP; Clinical Neuro Systems, Exton, PA) was inserted an average of 7 cm into the subarachnoid space via a 14-G Tuohy needle at the L3 L4 vertebral interspace after the induction of general anesthesia. CSF was drained for a lumbar CSF pressure 12 mm Hg during operation. Epidural or subarachnoid narcotics or local anesthetics for analgesia were not administered until after postoperative neurologic assessment. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained between 75 and 85 mm Hg during general anesthesia before extracorporeal circulation. All patients were exposed via a posterolateral thoracotomy. The incision was extended past the costal cartilages, lateral to the rectus muscle, for thoracoabdominal aneurysms. Circulation management consisted of either left atrial to femoral artery (or distal aortic) partial left heart bypass with moderate core cooling to 32 C (LA-FA bypass) or a hypothermic technique utilizing full cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) via the left chest with an open proximal anastomosis (hypothermic technique). LA-FA bypass was used in most cases with a staged segmental reconstruction of the aorta. LA-FA bypass flow rates averaged 2.5 L per minute, adjusted to achieve a target distal aortic perfusion pressure of at least 60 mm Hg, while maintaining a proximal aortic pressure of at least 90 mm Hg. During the mesenteric anastomosis, perfusion cannulae to the renal arteries and superior mesenteric artery were utilized off the cardioplegia line from the CPB circuit. Intercostal arteries were not selectively perfused during LA-FA bypass. The hypothermic technique was used if a concomitant distal arch aneurysm needed resection or if LA-FA bypass could not be performed. Circulation management during an open proximal anastomosis at the distal aortic arch consisted of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) at a mean lowest nasopharyngeal temperature of 14.5 C, together with total-body retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) via the superior vena cava at 12 C, in a slight Trendelenberg position with a target central venous pressure of approximately 15 mm Hg. This usually translated into a RCP flow of 300 to 500 cm 3 per minute. After completion of the open proximal anastomosis, arterial circulation was reinitiated via the Dacron graft and rewarming was begun. Lumbar CSF drains were used in both LA-FA bypass and hypothermic cases. Mannitol 25 g, methylprednisolone 1 g, magnesium 2 g, and lidocaine 200 mg were administered upon initiation of LA-FA bypass or CPB. Intercostal arteries were reimplanted in all patients with dissecting aortic aneurysms and selectively in patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms if a large patch of intercostal arteries was identified between the T7 and L1 vertebral levels. Patients were admitted to a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) after operation. Vital signs, core temperature, cardiac output, arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressures, and the lumbar CSF pressure were recorded at 15- to 60-minute intervals. The MAP was maintained in a range of 75 to 85 mm Hg using vasopressors or vasodilators (nicardipine) depending on the perceived strength of the arterial anastamosis and the risk of bleeding. Lumbar CSF was drained in 10-mL aliquots to maintain a lumbar CSF pressure 12 mm Hg. A limited neurologic assessment was performed on an hourly basis until recovery from general anesthesia permitted a complete neurologic examination. In the absence of a neurologic deficit, patient-controlled epidural analgesia with fentanyl 3 g/ml and bupivacaine 0.05% was administered by epidural catheter. The lumbar CSF drainage catheter was occluded 24 hours after operation and removed at 48 hours after operation in the absence of a neurologic deficit. If a neurologic deficit was detected after emergence from general anesthesia, a full neurologic examination was performed emergently by a neurologist. A standard neurologic examination was performed at the time of onset of any neurologic deficit by a board-certified neurologist. This examination was performed according to the Coalition-revised Neurologic and Mental Status Exam of the American Academy of Neurology. Subsequent examinations were performed serially and during any periods of improvement or decline in neurologic function relative to the initial examination. Special attention was directed toward diagnosing spinal cord ischemia to exclude brain ischemia or peripheral nerve injury as etiologies. The documented neurologic examinations were reviewed and scored retrospectively. The lowerextremity motor component of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Standard Neurologic Classification of Spinal Injury 50-point scale was used to score the maximum neurologic deficit, the best neurologic function after treatment, and the severity of the neurologic deficit at the time of onset [11]. The scale graded only motor function in each of five muscle groups in each lower extremity: hip flexors, knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors,
3 Ann Thorac Surg CHEUNG ET AL 2002;74: REVERSAL OF POSTOPERATIVE PARAPLEGIA 415 Table 2. Episodes of Paraplegia in Patients After Thoracic Aortic Reconstruction At Diagnosis At Recovery Patient No. Aneurysm Type Onset a (Hours) MAP (mm Hg) CSF (mm Hg) MAP (mm Hg) CSF (mm Hg) 1 TAA b TAA b f 87 f n.a. 94 f n.a. 3 TAAA II c 17.0 g h h 4 TAA d,e n.a. 83 n.a f 96 f 13 f 93 f 12 f 5 TAAA I c,e 16.0 g h h 6 TAAA II c TAAA I c,e 6.0 g h h 8 TAAA II c TAA d,e TAAA III c TAAA I c a Time after arrival to SICU after operation. b TAA were defined as aneurysms within the chest between the left subclavian artery and the diaphragm. c TAAA classified according to the Crawford criteria repaired using left atrial-to-left femoral artery partial cardiopulmonary bypass. d TAA or TAAA with distal aortic arch involvement repaired using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. e Dissection present. f Second recurrent episode of postoperative paraplegia in the same patient. g Paraplegia detected immediately after emergence from general anesthesia. h No recovery from paraplegia CSF cerebrospinal fluid; MAP mean arterial pressure; n.a. not available; Patient No. patient number, TAA Thoracic aortic aneurysm; TAAA thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm and Crawford type. long toe extensors, and ankle plantar flexors. The motor strength of each muscle group was rated on a scale of 0 to 5, with 0 total paralysis, 1 palpable or visible contraction, 2 active movement, gravity eliminated, 3 active movement against gravity, 4 active movement against some resistance, and 5 active movement against full resistance. A total score of 0 indicated paralysis of both lower extremities. Paraparesis was defined as weakness in a lower extremity muscle group (motor score of 1 through 4), incomplete paraplegia, or unilateral paraplegia. The presence or absent of a sensory deficit was also recorded. After verification of paraplegia or paraparesis by a neurologist and a diagnosis consistent spinal cord ischemia, the MAP was increased to 90 mm Hg using intravenous infusion of phenylephrine or norepinephrine. In patients with a functioning lumbar CSF drain in place, CSF was drained if the lumbar CSF pressure was greater than 10 mm Hg. In patients without a functioning lumbar CSF drain, a lumbar CSF drain was inserted emergently if there was no immediate improvement in neurologic function after augmentation of the arterial pressure. If there was no evidence of neurologic recovery at a MAP of 90 mm Hg, the MAP was augmented further to 95 mm Hg, then 100 mm Hg. The estimated spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCP) was determined by subtracting the transduced lumbar CSF pressure from the MAP (SCP MAP lumbar CSF pressure). Serial neurologic examinations were performed until resolution or stabilization of the postoperative neurologic deficit. The independent Student s t test, 2 square test, or Fisher s exact test were used to test for differences between groups of patients. The paired Student s t test was used to test for changes in blood pressure, body temperature, or neurologic score at different time points within a selected group of patients. A p value 0.05 was considered significant. Results During the study period, 99 patients underwent thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. This cohort was 55% male and had a mean age of years (Table 1). Included in the cohort were 19 patients with combined thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysms with distal arch extension requiring an open proximal anastomosis utilizing HCA techniques. Intercostal artery implantation rate was near 100% in patients with dissecting aortic aneurysms, but only 25% in patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms. The percentage of patients that had aortic dissection and underwent redo operations was listed in Table 1. Overall, 11 patients (11%) had postoperative paraplegia or paraparesis. Postoperative neurologic assessment was not possible in 3 patients, all with TAAA managed with LA-FA bypass who died before emergence from general anesthesia. The incidence of paraplegia or paraparesis according to aneurysm type and circulation management strategy was 5% (2/40) in patients with isolated TAA, 17.5% (7/40) in patients with TAAA managed with LA-FA bypass, and 10% (2/19) in patients with TAA or TAAA with distal aortic arch extension managed with HCA (Table 2). The overall incidence of permanent paraplegia was 3% (3/99) and was only observed in the subgroup with TAAA managed with LA-FA bypass (Table 2). Of the 11 patients with postoperative paraplegia, 5
4 416 CHEUNG ET AL Ann Thorac Surg REVERSAL OF POSTOPERATIVE PARAPLEGIA 2002;74: Table 3. Neurologic Score a and Findings in Patients With Postoperative Paraplegia Patient No. Neurological Score a at Emergence from GA b Neurologic Score a and Findings at Diagnosis c Neurological Score a at the Time of Maximum Deficit c Neurological Score a and Findings at Recovery c (LLE paraplegia, Nl sensation) (Mild LLE weakness and Nl sensation) (LLE paraplegia, Sensory loss) (Nl sensation) (BLE paraplegia and sensory loss) 0 0 (No recovery) (BLE paraplegia, and sensory loss) 0 50 (Nl sensation) (BLE paraplegia and sensory loss) 0 0 (No recovery) (BLE paraplegia and sensory loss) 0 50 (Nl sensation) (BLE paraplegia and sensory loss) 0 0 (No recovery) (LLE paraplegia and sensory loss) (Mild LLE weakness and Nl sensation) (Mild RLE paraparesis, severe (Nl sensation) LLE paraparesis, and sensory loss) (BLE paraplegia and sensory loss) 0 40 (Mild LLE weakness and Nl sensation) (Moderate RLE paraparesis, mild LLE paraparesis, and sensory loss) (Nl sensation) a Motor score of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Standard Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (see text). b ASIA scores based on the initial neurologic assessment by the intensive care unit staff upon emergence from general anesthesia. c ASIA scores based on the full neurologic examination by a neurologist. BLE both lower extremities; GA general anesthesia; Nl normal; LLE left lower extremity; RLE right lower extremity. had full recovery of neurologic function and 3 had incomplete recovery with residual deficits (Table 3). The average age of patients with postoperative paraplegia or paraparesis was 74 9 (SD) years. Eight out of the 11 patients had a normal neurologic examination after emergence from general anesthesia and subsequently developed paraplegia or paraparesis. In the 8 patients who developed delayed-onset paraplegia or paraparesis, the average time to first detection of the postoperative neurologic deficit was (SD) hours after patient arrival to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a median of 21.6 hours and a range from 6.4 to hours. A second recurrence of postoperative paraparesis occurred in 2 patients (patient nos. 2 and 4) at hours (5.6 days) and hours (9.1 days), respectively, after arrival to the ICU. Three out of the 11 patients (patient nos. 3, 5, and 7) had paraplegia or paraparesis on the initial neurologic examination upon emergence from general anesthesia at an average time of (SD) hours (range 6.0 to 17.0 hours) after arrival to the ICU (Table 3). Two out of the 3 patients with paraplegia upon emergence had no recovery of neurologic function and died during hospitalization (patient nos. 3 and 5). The 1 patient with paraparesis upon emergence from general anesthesia had subsequent worsening of neurologic function (patient no. 7) and also died during hospitalization. Five patients had complete recovery (patient nos. 2, 4, 6, 9, and 11) with no residual neurologic deficits, and 3 patients had incomplete recovery with mild residual lower extremity weakness (Table 3). There was no operative mortality in patients who recovered from delayedonset paraplegia or paraparesis. A lumbar CSF drainage catheter was inserted after the induction of general anesthesia and used during operation in 9 out of 11 patients with postoperative paraplegia or paraparesis. The 2 patients who did not have a lumbar CSF drain inserted before operation had paraplegia upon emergence from general anesthesia. Lumbar CSF drains were not inserted before operation in these 2 patients (patient nos. 3 and 5) because of previous lumbar spine surgery in one patient (patient nos. 3) and hypotension after the induction of general anesthesia in the other (patient no. 5). Lumbar CSF catheters were emergently inserted in these 2 patients (patient nos. 3 and 5) after operation upon diagnosis of paraplegia, but neither patient recovered neurologic function in response to medical intervention. Delayed postoperative paraparesis developed in 5 patients after removal of the lumbar CSF catheter in the postoperative period (patient nos. 2, 4, 8, 10, and 11) and subsequently had emergent reinsertion of a lumbar CSF catheter for the treatment of paraparesis in the postoperative period. One patient (patient no. 2) had emergent reinsertion of a lumbar CSF drainage catheter for a second episode of postoperative paraparesis. Another patient (patient no. 4) had recovery of neurologic function with blood pressure augmentation alone after an initial episode of delayed-onset paraplegia after the removal of the lumbar drain. A lumbar CSF drain was emergently reinserted, however, for a second episode of delayed-onset paraparesis in that same patient (patient no. 4). The mean lumbar CSF pressure upon diagnosis of paraplegia or paraparesis was 14 3 (SD) mm Hg, and at the time of neurologic recovery was 10 3mmHg(p 0.001). The mean patient temperature at the time diagnosis was F, and at the time of recovery was F (p 0.87). An acute decrease in arterial pressure preceded the onset of postoperative paraplegia or paraparesis in 3
5 Ann Thorac Surg CHEUNG ET AL 2002;74: REVERSAL OF POSTOPERATIVE PARAPLEGIA 417 Fig 1. Systolic (downward-pointing triangles), diastolic (upward-pointing triangles), and mean (circles) arterial pressures in the period surrounding the onset (E) and recovery (R) from paraplegia after thoracic aortic reconstruction in 3 patients (patient nos. 1, 9, and 10). A decrease in arterial pressures preceded the onset of paraplegia. Arterial pressures were augmented by the administration of intravenous phenylephrine or norepinephrine (lower panels). Vasopressor requirements decreased after recovery from paraplegia. patients (patient nos. 1, 9, and 10) who had subsequent recovery of neurologic function (Fig 1). Vasopressor therapy to augment the MAP was administered to treat 7 out of the 8 patients with delayed-onset postoperative paraplegia. Arterial pressure was augmented in 1 patient by discontinuing nicardipine (patient no. 11). In the 10 episodes of delayed-onset paraplegia in the 8 patients (Table 2), the MAP was increased significantly from a mean of (SD) mm Hg at the time of diagnosis to a mean of 95 9 (SD) mm Hg at the time of recovery (p 0.003). The calculated SCP (Table 2) increased from a mean value of (SD) mm Hg at the time of diagnosis to 87 9 mm Hg at the time of recovery (p 0.002). Vasopressor agents administered to increase MAP were phenylephrine (n 5), norepinephrine (n 4), dopamine (n 2), dobutamine (n 1), and epinephrine (n 5). The maximum infusion dose of phenylephrine in the 5 patients who were treated with this agent averaged (SD) g/min, with range of 70 to 300 g/min. The maximum infusion dose of norepinephrine in the 4 patients who were treated with this agent averaged 11 2 (SD) g/min, with range of 8 to 13 g/min. At the time neurologic function recovered, vasopressor therapy was no longer needed to maintain a MAP 90 mm Hg and was weaned off (Fig 1). Postoperative bleeding was not observed as a consequence of arterial pressure augmentation used for the treatment of delayed-onset paraplegia. Patients who recovered from delayed postoperative paraplegia had minimal residual neurologic deficits (Table 3). The average ASIA lower-extremity motor score at diagnosis was (SD), and was similar to the average score of (SD) at the time of maximum neurologic deficit (p 0.35). Sensory deficits at the time of diagnosis were present in 10 out of the 11 patients with postoperative paraplegia. In the patients who recovered from paraplegia, the average score at recovery was 48 4 (SD), and was significantly greater than the score at the time of diagnosis or at the time of maximum neurologic deficit (p 0.005).
6 418 CHEUNG ET AL Ann Thorac Surg REVERSAL OF POSTOPERATIVE PARAPLEGIA 2002;74: Comment Postoperative paraplegia has been a well-recognized complication of operations to replace the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta and has an estimated incidence that ranges between 2.7% and 20% [3, 7]. Spinal cord ischemia and subsequent infarction as a consequence of temporary or permanent interruption of the vascular supply to the spinal cord during operation has been believed to be the major cause of postoperative paraplegia in this patient population. Distal aortic perfusion, deliberate hypothermia, reimplantation of intercostal arteries, lumbar CSF drainage, intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring, and pharmacologic approaches to protect the spinal cord from ischemic infarction have all been tried, but these techniques used alone or in combination have not been completely effective at preventing or treating this complication. In contrast to paraplegia detected immediately upon emergence from general anesthesia, the delayed onset of paraplegia was a sign that the vascular supply to the spinal cord was not irreversibly damaged as a consequence of operation. Reports of full or partial recovery after delayed onset of paraplegia after TAA repair in the literature support reversible spinal cord ischemia as a pathophysiologic mechanism of this complication in some cases [3, 10, 12, 13]. Postoperative events such as hypotension, increased CSF pressure, thrombosis, hematoma, or embolization have the potential to cause spinal cord ischemia in patients with a compromised blood supply to the spinal cord as a consequence of TAA repair [1, 3, 8 10, 12 14]. Based on this pathophysiology, it was reasonable to predict that some patients experiencing delayed-onset paraplegia would respond to interventions directed at increasing spinal cord perfusion. The observation that all patients who had delayed-onset paraplegia after operation recovered neurologic function in response to interventions to augment spinal cord perfusion suggested that the majority of events were a consequence of spinal cord ischemia rather than infarction. In contrast, patients who were paraplegic upon emergence from anesthesia after operation did not recover neurologic function and probably suffered irreversible damage to the vascular supply of the spinal cord injury as a consequence of the operation or undetected spinal cord ischemia that evolved to infarction shortly after operation. The high mortality observed in patients with permanent paraplegia after operation was consistent with other clinical series [4, 7]. Emergency treatment of paraplegia with vasopressor therapy to augment the arterial pressure and lumbar CSF drainage to decrease the lumbar CSF pressure was immediately initiated with the objective to increase the net spinal cord perfusion pressure. The reason for this approach was based on the premise that hypoperfusion was the cause of spinal cord ischemia in the majority of cases. Lumbar CSF drainage to prevent postoperative paraplegia and for the treatment of delayed-onset paraplegia after aortic surgery has been reported, but it was not always successful and the technique remains controversial [7, 16 18]. The rationale for using vasopressor therapy to treat postoperative spinal cord ischemia was not novel. The clinical effectiveness of this strategy, however, has not been tested, in part, because of the perceived risk of bleeding associated with hypertension in this patient population. Norepinephrine and epinephrine were chosen together with phenylephrine in an effort to increase both the arterial pressure and cardiac output. Multiple vasopressor agents at relatively high doses were required often to generate a MAP greater than 95 mm Hg. Recovery of neurologic function coincided with vasopressorinduced increases in the arterial pressure. Vasopressor requirements also decreased during recovery. Hypotension may have been a factor contributing to the onset of spinal cord ischemia in some patients. It was possible also that hypotension preceding the onset of neurologic dysfunction may have also been an early sign of spinal cord ischemia and caused by autonomic dysfunction in a manner similar to the syndrome of spinal or neurogenic shock. Ischemia-induced autonomic dysfunction would explain also the need for high doses of vasopressor therapy during the event and the spontaneous recovery of arterial pressure after recovery of neurologic function (Fig 1). The relative contribution of lumbar CSF drainage and MAP augmentation with vasopressor therapy toward treatment success could not be separated out with certainty. Review of information from individual cases suggested that both interventions were important. Vasopressor therapy increased the MAP by an average of 21 mm Hg. Even though lumbar CSF drainage decreased the lumbar CSF pressure an average of only 4 mm Hg, the small change produced a relatively large proportional change in the estimated SCP pressure. The 4-mm Hg decrease in lumbar CSF pressure contributed 19% to the increase in the estimated SCP pressure. It was also likely that the actual lumbar CSF pressure at the onset of paraplegia was much greater than the values recorded because CSF was drained immediately upon emergent insertion of lumbar CSF catheters before the lumbar CSF pressure could be measured and recorded. The practice of delaying removal of the lumbar CSF drainage catheter until 48 hours after operation was justified because 75% of the episodes of delayed-onset paraplegia occurred within 48 hours after operation and the median onset time of paraplegia was 21.6 hours after operation. Routine postoperative neurologic assessment and evaluation of patients at risk were necessary to detect the onset of paraplegia. The importance of early diagnosis of neurologic dysfunction was evident in the cases where paraplegia was not detected until emergence from general anesthesia. In those cases where paraplegia was not detected at its onset, there was no recovery of neurologic function despite treatment. The treatment algorithm relied specifically on a clinical diagnosis of spinal cord ischemia. Magnetic resonance imaging or other imaging studies were not used for the initial evaluation because they would delay the start of treatment. It was recognized that some episodes of paraplegia could be caused by epidural hematoma as a consequence of anticoagulation
7 Ann Thorac Surg CHEUNG ET AL 2002;74: REVERSAL OF POSTOPERATIVE PARAPLEGIA 419 and lumbar CSF catheter insertion, but this complication has been rare compared with spinal cord ischemia [14]. Diagnostic imaging studies were reserved for patients who did not improve in response to blood pressure augmentation or lumbar CSF drainage. It was also important to note that the neurologic presentation at the onset of paraplegia was not always consistent with spinal cord ischemia in the distribution of the anterior spinal artery. Almost all patients had sensory deficits on presentation, and motor weakness was not always symmetrical. Finally, ongoing neurologic assessment was necessary during treatment. If there was no recovery of neurologic function with the initiation of treatment, the MAP was augmented above 95 mm Hg until a response was observed. Although the ASIA scores were not recorded at the time of the initial examination, studies suggest that conversion of neurologic findings documented in medical records were reliable and valid [19]. Technical improvements in intraoperative and circulatory management of patients undergoing TAA or TAAA repair may decrease the risk of intraoperative spinal cord infarction, but the risk of postoperative spinal cord ischemia remains problematic. Fortunately, our experience suggested that early detection and treatment of delayed-onset postoperative paraplegia led to recovery of almost full neurologic function in all patients and prevented the evolution of spinal cord ischemia to irreversible spinal cord infarction. The case series challenged earlier presumptions that postoperative paraplegia was an unavoidable, unpredictable, and untreatable complication of aortic reconstruction [7, 8, 20, 21]. Although it was not possible to determine with certainty the precise mechanism of postoperative paraplegia and the relative contribution of individual treatment interventions, the additive effects of lumbar CSF drainage and MAP augmentation to increase spinal cord perfusion pressure correlated temporally with the recovery of neurologic function. Considering the severity of this complication and its associated morbidity, present efforts are being directed towards recovering patients early after general anesthesia to permit early detection of spinal cord ischemia in order to initiate the treatment algorithm without delay while accumulating additional evidence to support its clinical effectiveness. We acknowledge Elizabeth Hoel and William Moser for their assistance in managing the aortic surgical database used in this study. We also wish to acknowledge the nursing staff of the Cardiothoracic Surgical Intensive Care Unit for their dedication to the project and attention to the early identification of patients with postoperative paraplegia. The study was unfunded. References 1. Fitzgibbon DR, Glosten B, Wright I, Tu R, Ready LB. Paraplegia, epidural analgesia, and thoracic aneurysmectomy. Anesthesiology 1995;83: Hollier LH, Money SR, Naslund TC, et al. Risk of spinal cord dysfunction in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. Am J Surg 1992;164: Estrera AL, Rubenstein FS, Miller CC, III, et al. Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm: surgical approach and treatment using the adjuncts cerebrospinal fluid drainage and distal aortic perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 2001;72: Cambria RP, Davison JK, Carter C, et al. Epidural cooling for spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: A five-year experience. J Vasc Surg 2000;31: Coselli JS, LeMaire SA, Miller CC, III, et al. Mortality and paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a risk factor analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69: Guerit JM, Witdoeckt C, Verhelst R, et al. Sensitivity, specificity, and surgical impact of somatosensory evoked potentials in descending aorta surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67: Crawford ES, Mizrahi EM, Hess KR, et al. The impact of distal aortic perfusion and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring on prevention of paraplegia after aortic aneurysm operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;95: Heller LB, Chaney MA. Paraplegia immediately following removal of a cerebrospinal fluid drainage catheter in a patient after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Anesthesiology 2001;95: Kasirajan K, Dolmatch B, Ouriel K, Clair D. Delayed onset of ascending paralysis after thoracic aortic stent graft deployment. J Vasc Surg 2000;31: Widmann MD, DeLucia A, Sharp J, Richenbacher WE. Reversal of renal failure and paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65: worksheet.pdf. Accessed January 15, Ortiz-Gomez JR, Gonzalez-Solis FJ, Fernandez-Alonso L, Bilbao JI. Reversal of acute paraplegia with cerebrospinal fluid drainage after endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. Anesthesiology 2001;95: Hill AB, Kalman PG, Johnston KW, Vosu HA. Reversal of delayed-onset paraplegia after thoracic aortic surgery with cerebrospinal fluid drainage. J Vasc Surg 1994;20: Weaver KD, Wiseman DB, Farber M, et al. Complications of lumbar drainage after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2001;34: Azizzadeh A, Huynh TT, Miller CC III, Safi HJ. Reversal of twice-delayed neurologic deficits with cerebrospinal fluid drainage after thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: a case report and plea for a national database collection. J Vasc Surg 2000;31: Ling E, Arellano R. Systematic overview of the evidence supporting the use of cerebrospinal fluid drainage in thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery for prevention of paraplegia. Anesthesiology 2000;93: Shenaq SA, Svensson LG. Paraplegia following aortic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1993;7: Svensson LG, Hess KR, D Agostino RS, et al. Reduction of neurologic injury after high-risk thoracoabdominal aortic operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;66: Kasner SE, Chalela JA, Luciano JM, et al. Reliability and validity of estimating the NIH stroke scale score from medical records. Stroke 1999;30: Doppman JL. Paraplegia after surgery for thoracoabdominal aneurysms: Russian roulette for the vascular surgeon. Radiology 1993;189: Rosenthal D. Spinal cord ischemia after abdominal aortic operation: is it preventable? J Vasc Surg 1999;30:391 7.
8 420 CHEUNG ET AL Ann Thorac Surg REVERSAL OF POSTOPERATIVE PARAPLEGIA 2002;74: DISCUSSION DR NICHOLAS T. KOUCHOUKOS (St. Louis, MO): Dr Cheung and his colleagues have reported their results with a standard protocol in a recent time interval for the detection and treatment of delayed paraplegia following operations on the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. This protocol involved emergent examination of the patient when a neurological deficit was detected, increase in the mean arterial pressure with vasopressors, and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Eleven patients, or 11% of the total, developed postoperative paraplegia. Five of the 8 patients with delayed paraplegia had complete recovery. It is clear from this study that prompt diagnosis and treatment of delayed paraplegia are essential for optimal outcomes, and the authors are to be commended for implementing an aggressive multidisciplinary approach to the management of this complication. What is less clear is the precise etiology of the delayed paraplegia and the relative importance of vasopressor therapy and cerebrospinal fluid drainage in its management. The mechanisms for the development of delayed paraplegia remain incompletely defined. These include a marginal spinal cord blood supply, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, intrathecal or epidural hemorrhage from instrumentation or anticoagulation, and delayed death of ischemic neurons from necrosis and apoptosis. As the preferred method for intraoperative management of extensive thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysms has evolved from the technique of simple aortic clamping to the use of some form of distal perfusion, usually with a degree of hypothermia, it appears that the prevalence of delayed paraplegia has increased. What is less certain is whether the overall prevalence of paraplegia has been reduced. It is not clear from Dr Cheung s presentation whether the prevalence of permanent paraplegia, occurring early or late, has been reduced in the subgroups of patients, those Crawford extent I and II disease, who have the highest rates of paraplegia. It is also unclear whether the two different techniques of distal perfusion used in this study, partial left heart bypass with moderate hypothermia, or total cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest, were associated with similar or differing rates of paraplegia. Whereas the treatment of delayed paraplegia is clearly important and often successful, prevention of this dreaded complication remains an equally important objective. (Slide) In our experience with 106 operative survivors whose neurologic status could be evaluated following Crawford extent I, II and III thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair using profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass without cerebrospinal fluid drainage or measurement of cerebrospinal pressure, paraplegia occurred in 4 patients, just under 4%. It was delayed in onset in only 1 patient. In this patient, it was associated with hypotension that resulted from perforation of the colon and peritonitis on the 10th postoperative day. In an additional 76 patients who have had operations on the descending thoracic aorta using the same technique, no paraplegia has occurred. One patient developed a transient paraparesis. Thus, the overall prevalence of paraplegia in using this technique was 2.2%. We believe that more optimal protection of the spinal cord is provided intraoperatively by profound hypothermia and that this renders the spinal cord more tolerant to changes in blood pressure and increases in cerebrospinal fluid that may occur in the postoperative period. I have several questions for Dr Cheung. Did any patients die before their neurologic status could be evaluated? If so, the denominator would be decreased and the prevalence of paraplegia would be higher. Did you observe different rates of paraplegia, both early and delayed, between the patients with descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic disease? In your abstract, which included 42 patients with type I, II, and III aneurysms, 10 of these patients developed paraplegia, and thus the prevalence would be 24%, which is relatively high. Did you observe different rates of paraplegia between the patients managed with atriofemoral mildly hypothermic bypass and those with hypothermic circulatory arrest? Do you have any concern about the use of catheters for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in partially or fully heparinized patients? And finally, did you use any neuroprotective agents intraoperatively, such as barbiturates or corticosteroids, and was implantation of intercostal arteries an important part of the intraoperative protocol? This is an important study with important implications for the management of patients with postoperative paraplegia, and I congratulate the authors. Thank you. DR CHEUNG: Thank you, Dr Kouchoukos, for the excellent and outstanding comments and questions. Let me try to reply to some of these questions. Unfortunately, I do not have the data on the number of patients who died prior to the ability to perform a neurologic assessment. Our complication rate was based only on patients who had a definitive diagnosis of spinal cord ischemia by neurologic examination, and certainly there could have been patients who died with paraplegia that could not be examined and where the diagnosis could not be established. Query of our database revealed 3 patients who died before emergence from anesthesia and before a neurologic examination could be performed. In terms of the incidence of paraplegia by subgroups, we actually had an incidence of paraplegia of 5% in patients with isolated aneurysm or disease of the thoracic aorta that were managed by LA-FA bypass or distal perfusion. We had a 10% incidence of paraplegia in the patients managed with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, those with proximal extension into the distal aortic arch. The highest incidence of paraplegia, as mentioned, was 17.5% in the patients with Crawford type I, II, and III thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. It is important to note that although our overall incidence of paraplegia was 11%, 8 out of the 11 patients with paraplegia had a complete or nearly complete recovery with a satisfactory functional outcome. Therefore the incidence of permanent paraplegia was only 3% in our study population. CSF drainage complications have been a concern for us, especially in fully anticoagulated patients. After insertion of the lumbar CSF drain, patients were fully anticoagulated for LA-FA distal aortic perfusion or deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Out of our series of over 100 patients, we have not had a single episode of epidural hematoma, although we have had two episodes of retained CSF catheters breaking upon trying to remove these catheters, and we have had two incidents of meningitis and persistent CSF leaks. Although we recognize that epidural hematoma is a potential cause of postoperative paraplegia, our experience suggests that this is a rare complication compared with spinal cord ischemia as a consequence of operation. For this reason, the prompt treatment for presumed spinal cord ischemia should not be delayed in order to perform
9 Ann Thorac Surg CHEUNG ET AL 2002;74: REVERSAL OF POSTOPERATIVE PARAPLEGIA 421 imaging studies to rule out epidural hematoma. The patients who did not improve within a short period of time underwent emergent MRI to rule out an epidural hematoma and confirm the diagnosis of spinal cord infarction. In terms of neuroprotective agents, we routinely use methylprednisolone, mannitol, magnesium, and lidocaine administration intraoperatively prior to the institution of extracorporeal circulation. I am not sure if these drugs make a big difference or not, but that is part of our practice. Considering that evidence supporting the efficacy of these agents is indeterminate, we believe that there is little downside to administering these agents so long as there is no danger in doing so. In terms of postoperative use of pharmacologic agents, we have demonstrated initial success in our series with just blood pressure augmentation and CSF drainage. We reserve the use of pharmacologic agents such as high-dose steroid therapy that has been used in spinal cord injury patients as a third-line approach in patients with refractory paraplegia. We have not experienced success with high-dose steroid therapy in refractory paraplegia, but our numbers are very small (3/99 or 3%). To address your questions regarding operative technique, including the reimplantation of the intercostals arteries, I would like to defer to Dr Bavaria. DR BAVARIA: We have near 100% reimplantation on dissection cases, both acute and chronic, especially the chronic ones, and probably closer to only 25% reimplantation rates on the atherosclerotic aneurysms. Requirements for Recertification/Maintenance of Certification in 2003 Diplomates of the American Board of Thoracic Surgery who plan to participate in the Recertification/ Maintenance of Certification process in 2003 must hold an active medical license and must hold clinical privileges in thoracic surgery. In addition, a valid certificate is an absolute requirement for entrance into the recertification/maintenance of certification process. If your certificate has expired, the only pathway for renewal of a certificate is to take and pass the Part I (written) and the Part II (oral) certifying examinations. The American Board of Thoracic Surgery will no longer publish the names of individuals who have not recertified in the American Board of Medical Specialties directories. The Diplomate s name will be published upon successful completion of the recertification/maintenance of certification process. The CME requirements are 70 Category I credits in either cardiothoracic surgery or general surgery earned during the 2 years prior to application. SESATS and SESAPS are the only self-instructional materials allowed for credit. Category II credits are not allowed. The Physicians Recognition Award for recertifying in general surgery is not allowed in fulfillment of the CME requirements. Interested individuals should refer to the 2003 Booklet of Information for a complete description of acceptable CME credits. Diplomates should maintain a documented list of their major cases performed during the year prior to application for recertification. This practice review should consist of 1 year s consecutive major operative experiences. If more than 100 cases occur in 1 year, only 100 should be listed. Candidates for recertification/maintanance of certification will be required to complete all sections of the SESATS self-assessment examination. It is not necessary for candidates to purchase SESATS individually because it will be sent to candidates after their application has been approved. Diplomates may recertify the year their certificate expires, or if they wish to do so, they may recertify up to two years before it expires. However, the new certificate will be dated 10 years from the date of expiration of their original certificate or most recent recertification certificate. In other words, recertifying early does not alter the 10-year validation. Recertification/maintenance of certification is also open to Diplomates with an unlimited certificate and will in no way affect the validity of their original certificate. The deadline for submission of applications for the recertification/maintenance of certification process is May 10 each year. A brochure outlining the rules and requirements for recertification/maintenance of certification in thoracic surgery is available upon request from the American Board of Thoracic Surgery, One Rotary Center, Suite 803, Evanston, IL 60201; telephone number: (847) ; fax: (847) ; ; abts_ evanston@msn.com. This booklet is also published on the website: by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74: /02/$22.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc
Postoperative risk factors for delayed neurologic deficit after thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A case-control study
Postoperative risk factors for delayed neurologic deficit after thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A case-control study Ali Azizzadeh, MD, Tam T. T. Huynh, MD, Charles C. Miller III,
More informationNeurological Complications of TEVAR. Frank J Criado, MD. Union Memorial-MedStar Health Baltimore, MD USA
ISES Online Neurological Complications of Frank J Criado, MD TEVAR Union Memorial-MedStar Health Baltimore, MD USA frank.criado@medstar.net Paraplegia Incidence is 0-4% after surgical Rx of TAAs confined
More informationAortic Arch/ Thoracoabdominal Aortic Replacement
Aortic Arch/ Thoracoabdominal Aortic Replacement Joseph S. Coselli, M.D. Vice Chair, Department of Surgery Professor, Chief, and Cullen Foundation Endowed Chair Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Baylor
More informationInfluence of Perioperative Hemodynamics on Spinal Cord Ischemia in Thoracoabdominal Aortic Repair
Influence of Perioperative Hemodynamics on Spinal Cord Ischemia in Thoracoabdominal Aortic Repair Yujiro Kawanishi, MD, Kenji Okada, MD, Masamichi Matsumori, MD, Hiroshi Tanaka, MD, Teruo Yamashita, MD,
More informationHybrid Repair of a Complex Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Hybrid Repair of a Complex Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Virendra I. Patel MD MPH Assistant Professor of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Disclosure
More informationDescending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Surgical Approach and Treatment Using the Adjuncts Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage and Distal Aortic Perfusion
Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Surgical Approach and Treatment Using the Adjuncts Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage and Distal Aortic Perfusion Anthony L. Estrera, MD, Forrest S. Rubenstein, MD, Charles
More informationPreoperative and operative predictors of delayed neurologic deficit following repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm
Preoperative and operative predictors of delayed neurologic deficit following repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm Anthony L. Estrera, MD a Charles C. Miller III, PhD a Tam T. T. Huynh, MD a Ali
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. Systemic Temperature and Paralysis After Thoracoabdominal and Descending Aortic Operations
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Systemic Temperature and Paralysis After Thoracoabdominal and Descending Aortic Operations Lars G. Svensson, MD, PhD; Lev Khitin, MD; Edward M. Nadolny, CCP; Wendy A. Kimmel, CCP Hypothesis:
More informationLumbar Drain Management Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Surgery
Lumbar Drain Management Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Surgery Presented By Tonya L. Page MSN, APRN, ACNP-BC What is a Lumbar drain? A small, flexible, soft plastic tube placed in the lower back (lumbar area)
More informationSPINAL CORD ISCHEMIA AFTER THORACIC ANEURYSM REPAIR: RISK STRATIFICATION & PREVENTION DISCLOSURES. INDIVIDUAL None
DISCLOSURES AFTER THORACIC ANEURYSM REPAIR: INDIVIDUAL None RISK STRATIFICATION & PREVENTION INSTITUTIONAL Cook, Inc W. L. Gore, Inc Conrad, J Vasc Surg, 2008 1 Intraoperative Adjuncts Oversew intercostals
More informationDescending aorta replacement through median sternotomy
Descending aorta replacement through median sternotomy Mitrev Z, Anguseva T, Belostotckij V, Hristov N. Special hospital for surgery Filip Vtori Skopje - Makedonija June, 2010 Cardiosurgery - Skopje 1
More informationThoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms by definition traverse
Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Open Technique Joseph Huh, MD, Scott A. LeMaire, MD, Scott A. Weldon, MA, CMI, and Joseph S. Coselli, MD Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms by definition traverse
More informationAccepted Manuscript. Perioperative renal function and thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: Where do we go from here? Leonard N. Girardi, M.D.
Accepted Manuscript Perioperative renal function and thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: Where do we go from here? Leonard N. Girardi, M.D. PII: S0022-5223(18)31804-X DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.06.057 Reference:
More informationLumbar CSF Drains for Thoracic Aortic Surgery
Lumbar CSF Drains for Thoracic Aortic Surgery John C. Klick, MD CASE CAG Why do them? Open descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair (still the gold standard) has an incidence of postoperative paraplegia
More informationStrategies to Manage Paraplegia Risk After Endovascular Stent Repair of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
ORIGINAL ARTICLES: Strategies to Manage Paraplegia Risk After Endovascular Stent Repair of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Albert T. Cheung, MD, Alberto Pochettino, MD, Michael L. McGarvey, MD, Jehangir
More informationParaplegia in endovascular repair of TAA and in TEVAR: Incidence, prevention and therapy. Johannes Lammer Medical University Vienna, Austria
Paraplegia in endovascular repair of TAA and in TEVAR: Incidence, prevention and therapy Johannes Lammer Medical University Vienna, Austria Conflict of interests: none 68y, male, PAU in coral reef aorta,
More informationTable I. Associated diseases
Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair using cardiopulmonary bypass, profound hypothermia, and circulatory arrest via left side of the chest incision Hazim J. Safi, MD, Charles C. Miller
More informationOpen surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms - the Massachusetts General Hospital experience
Research Highlight Open surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms - the Massachusetts General Hospital experience Virendra I. Patel, Robert T. Lancaster, Mark F. Conrad, Richard P. Cambria Division
More informationEvolving Strategy and Results of Spinal Cord Protection in Type I and II Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Original Article Evolving Strategy and Results of Spinal Cord Protection in Type I and II Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Norihiko Shiiya, MD, Takashi Kunihara, MD, Kenji Matsuzaki, MD, and Keishu
More informationCardiopulmonary Bypass for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: A Report on 488 Cases
The Journal of The American Society of Extra-Corporeal Technology Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: A Report on 488 Cases Yulong Guan, MD; Jing Yang, MD; Caihong Wan, MD; Meiling He;
More informationCombination of Myogenic and Neurogenic Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring During Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery
Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. Vol. 67, No. 4, 117~121, December, 2018 HIMJ 67 18 117 Combination of Myogenic and Neurogenic Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring During Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery Shinya TAKAHASHI
More informationThoracoabdominal aortic replacement for Crawford extent II aneurysm after thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Original Article Thoracoabdominal aortic replacement for Crawford extent II aneurysm after thoracic endovascular aortic repair Haiou Hu, Tie Zheng, Junming Zhu, Yongmin Liu, Ruidong Qi, Lizhong Sun Department
More informationChairman and O. Wayne Isom Professor Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine
Leonard N. Girardi, M.D. Chairman and O. Wayne Isom Professor Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York, New York Houston Aortic Symposium Houston, Texas February 23, 2017 weill.cornell.edu
More informationType II arch hybrid debranching procedure
Safeguards and Pitfalls Type II arch hybrid debranching procedure Prashanth Vallabhajosyula, Wilson Y. Szeto, Nimesh Desai, Caroline Komlo, Joseph E. Bavaria Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University
More informationThoracoabdominal Aorta: Advances and Novel Therapies
Thoracoabdominal Aorta: Advances and Novel Therapies Robert Meisner, MD FACS Sidney Kimmel Medical Center Assistant Professor of Surgery Vascular / Endovascular Surgeon at Lankenau Medical Center November
More informationMajor Aortic Reconstruction; Cerebral protection and Monitoring
Major Aortic Reconstruction; Cerebral protection and Monitoring N AT H A E N W E I T Z E L M D A S S O C I AT E P R O F E S S O R O F A N E S T H E S I O LO G Y U N I V E R S I T Y O F C O LO R A D O S
More informationAntegrade Thoracic Stent Grafting during Repair of Acute Debakey I Dissection: Promotes Distal Aortic Remodeling and Reduces Late Open Re-operation
Antegrade Thoracic Stent Grafting during Repair of Acute Debakey I Dissection: Promotes Distal Aortic Remodeling and Reduces Late Open Re-operation Vallabhajosyula, P: Szeto, W; Desai, N; Pulsipher, A;
More informationNeuromonitor-guided repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms
Neuromonitor-guided repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms Anthony L. Estrera, MD, a Roy Sheinbaum, MD, a Charles C. Miller III, PhD, b Ryan Harrison, BA, a and Hazim J. Safi, MD a Objective: Monitoring
More informationSELECTIVE ANTEGRADE TECHNIQUE OF CHOICE
SELECTIVE ANTEGRADE CEREBRAL PERFUSION IS THE TECHNIQUE OF CHOICE MARKO TURINA University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland What is so special about the operation on the aortic arch? Disease process is usually
More informationProtecting the brain and spinal cord in aortic arch surgery
Keynote Lecture Series Protecting the brain and spinal cord in aortic arch surgery Lars G. Svensson Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Correspondence to: Lars G. Svensson,
More informationAdvances in the Treatment of Acute Type A Dissection: An Integrated Approach
Advances in the Treatment of Acute Type A Dissection: An Integrated Approach Joseph E. Bavaria, MD, Derek R. Brinster, MD, Robert C. Gorman, MD, Y. Joseph Woo, MD, Thomas Gleason, MD, and Alberto Pochettino,
More informationIntra-operative neurologic injuries: Avoidance and prompt response
Intra-operative neurologic injuries: Avoidance and prompt response James S. Harrop MD, FACS Professor Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery Director, Division of Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Nsurg
More informationHypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with intervals
Safety and Efficacy of Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Circulatory Arrest for Operations on the Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aorta Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, MD, Paolo Masetti, MD, Chris
More informationASA Closed Claims Project: Regional Anesthesia Claims 1990 or later Lorri A. Lee MD Department of Anesthesiology University of Washington, Seattle, WA
ASA Closed Claims Project: Regional Anesthesia Claims 1990 or later Lorri A. Lee MD Department of Anesthesiology, Seattle, WA OVERVIEW 1. Closed Claims Project 2. Peripheral Nerve Blocks 3. Neuraxial Claims
More informationComparative Study of Cerebral Protection during Surgery of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. Vol.41, No.2, 31-35, June, 1992 HIJM 41-6 31 Comparative Study of Cerebral Protection during Surgery of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Taijiro SUEDA1), Takayuki NOMIMURA1), Tetsuya KAGA
More informationSelective Visceral Perfusion during Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Original Article Selective Visceral Perfusion during Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Yukio Kuniyoshi, MD, PhD, Kageharu Koja, MD, PhD, Kazufumi Miyagi, MD, Tooru Uezu, MD, Satoshi Yamashiro, MD,
More informationManagement of Acute Aortic Syndromes. M. Grabenwoger, MD Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
Management of Acute Aortic Syndromes M. Grabenwoger, MD Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria I have nothing to disclose. Acute Aortic Syndromes Acute Aortic Dissection Type
More informationH. J. Safit, M. P. Campbell, C. C. Miller III, D. C. Iliopoulos, A. Khoynezhad, G. V. Letsou and P. J. Asimacopoulos
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 14, 118-124 (1997) Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage and Distal Aortic Perfusion Decrease the Incidence of Neurological Deficit: The Results of 343 Descending and Thoracoabdominal
More informationDr Brigitta Brandner UCLH
Dr Brigitta Brandner UCLH 2.5% paraplegia/paraparesis (EUROSTAR) Some studies up to 8% Immediate, recurrent and delayed 37% deficits are delayed: present 13 hours 91 days post op >50% will resolve with
More informationManaging Hypertension in the Perioperative Arena
Managing Hypertension in the Perioperative Arena Optimizing Perioperative Management Strategies for Hypertension in the Cardiac Surgical Patient Objectives: Treatment of hypertensive emergencies. ALBERT
More informationEarly- and medium-term results after aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk techniques a single center study
Featured Article Early- and medium-term results after aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk techniques a single center study Sergey Leontyev*, Martin Misfeld*, Piroze Daviewala, Michael A.
More informationCardiothoracic Fellow Expectations Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
The fellowship in Cardiothoracic Anesthesia at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center is intended to provide the foundation for a career as either an academic cardiothoracic anesthesiologist or clinical
More informationTAAA / Spinal Cord Protection
TAAA / Spinal Cord Protection Hazim J. Safi, MD Professor and Chair Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Science Center at Houston Memorial
More informationVASCULAR SURGERY, PART I VOLUME
CME Pretest VASCULAR SURGERY, PART I VOLUME 42 7 2016 To earn CME credit, completing the pretest is a mandatory requirement. The pretest should be completed BEFORE reading the overview and taking the posttest.
More informationInfluence of segmental arteries, extent, and atriofemoral bypass on postoperative paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aortic operations
Influence of segmental arteries, extent, and atriofemoral bypass on postoperative paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aortic operations Lars G. Svensson, MD, Phi), Kenneth R. Hess, MS, Joseph S. Coselli,
More informationRepair of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic
Repair of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) is associated with a substantial risk of perioperative spinal cord ischemia that may or may not lead to permanent postoperative
More informationS100B proteins in the serum or the cerebrospinal fluid. Tau Protein in the Cerebrospinal Fluid is a Marker of Brain Injury After Aortic Surgery
Tau Protein in the Cerebrospinal Fluid is a Marker of Brain Injury After Aortic Surgery Norihiko Shiiya, MD, PhD, Takashi Kunihara, MD, PhD, Tsukasa Miyatake, MD, PhD, Kenji Matsuzaki, MD, and Keishu Yasuda,
More informationHow to manage the left subclavian and left vertebral artery during TEVAR
How to manage the left subclavian and left vertebral artery during TEVAR Jürg Schmidli Chief of Vascular Surgery Inselspital Hamburg 2017 Dept Cardiovascular Surgery, Bern, Switzerland Disclosure No Disclosures
More informationAnn Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 24: Online January 26, 2018 doi: /atcs.oa Original Article
Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 24: 89 96 Online January 26, 2018 doi: 10.5761/atcs.oa.17-00138 Original Article Selective Cerebral Perfusion with the Open Proximal Technique during Descending Thoracic
More information1000mg. 1 g/kg/hr g/kg/hr , 2003 X CT. 148 / 92mmHg 66 / SEP CSFP SEP. Tel:
12 29 33 2003 2 1 56 4 10 9 1000mg 1 g/kg/hr 3 8 2 60 12 11 1 g/kg/hr 24 24 2 MRI 1 2 MRI 2 12 29 33, 2003 1 2 2 1 56 53 Tel: 0798-45-6852 663-8501 1-1 2002 11 5 2002 12 25 3 X CT 148 / 92mmHg 66 / 2000
More informationComplications of lumbar drainage after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Complications of lumbar drainage after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair Kyle D. Weaver, MD, a Diana B. Wiseman, MD, a Mark Farber, MD, b Matthew G. Ewend, MD, a William Marston, MD, b and Blair
More informationComplex Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Repair Using Hybrid Techniques
Complex Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Repair Using Hybrid Techniques Tariq Almerey MD, January Moore BA, Houssam Farres MD, Richard Agnew MD, W. Andrew Oldenburg MD, Albert Hakaim MD Department of Vascular
More informationDescending Thoracic Aortic Repair: Spinal Cord Protection Strategies Harendra Arora, M.D. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
Session: L113 Session: L335 Descending Thoracic Aortic Repair: Spinal Cord Protection Strategies Harendra Arora, M.D. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Disclosures: This presenter has no financial
More informationExtent of Aortic Coverage and Incidence of Spinal Cord Ischemia After Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Extent of Aortic Coverage and Incidence of Spinal Cord Ischemia After Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Robert J. Feezor, MD, Tomas D. Martin, MD, Philip J. Hess Jr, MD, Michael J. Daniels, ScD, Thomas
More informationAcute Type B dissection. Closure of the infra diaphragmatic tear: how and when?
Acute Type B dissection. Closure of the infra diaphragmatic tear: how and when? Prof. Olgierd Rowiński II Department of Clinical Radiology Medical University of Warsaw Disclosure Speaker name: Olgierd
More informationOxygen Delivery During Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion in Humans
Oxygen Delivery During Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion in Humans Albert T. Cheung, MD*, Joseph E. Bavaria, MD, Alberto Pochettino, MD, Stuart J. Weiss, MD, PhD*, David K. Barclay, BA, and Mark M. Stecker,
More information2012 What is New in Aortic Surgery: Monitoring and Preventing Spinal Cord Injuries - Teamwork
2012 What is New in Aortic Surgery: Monitoring and Preventing Spinal Cord Injuries - Teamwork George Silvay, MD, PhD Professor of Anesthesiology The Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY I would like
More informationIndex. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Ablation, radiofrequency, anesthetic considerations for, 479 489 Acute aortic syndrome, thoracic endovascular repair of, 457 462 aortic
More informationdebris + 3 debris debris debris Tel: ,3
13 467 471 2004 debris + 3 13.2 15.47.0 6.5 7.7 0 3 25.012.5 7.0 0 13 467 471 2004 Tel: 075-251-5752 602-8566 463-1 2004 3 7 2004 5 18 30 1 2,3 4 2000 7 debris debris debris 7 13 4 Table 1 Patients profiles
More informationAggressive Resection/Reconstruction of the Aortic Arch in Type A Dissection
Aggressive Resection/Reconstruction of the Aortic Arch in Type A Dissection M. Grabenwoger Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery Hospital Hietzing Vienna, Austria Disclosure Statement Consultant of Jotec, Hechingen,
More informationSpinal cord complications after thoracic aortic surgery: Long-term survival and functional status varies with deficit severity
From the Society for Vascular Surgery Spinal cord complications after thoracic aortic surgery: Long-term survival and functional status varies with deficit severity Mark F. Conrad, MD, Jason Y. Ye, BS,
More informationStrategies to improve spinal cord ischemia in endovascular thoracic aortic repair: Outcomes of a prospective cerebrospinal fluid drainage protocol
From the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society Strategies to improve spinal cord ischemia in endovascular thoracic aortic repair: Outcomes of a prospective cerebrospinal fluid drainage protocol Jeffrey C.
More informationRetrograde Cerebral and Distal Aortic Perfusion During Ascending and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Operations
Retrograde Cerebral and Distal Aortic Perfusion During Ascending and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Operations Joseph E. Bavaria, MD, Y. Joseph Woo, MD, R. Alan Hall, MD, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, MD, and Timothy
More informationAortic Arch Treatment Open versus Endo Evidence versus Zeitgeist. M. Grabenwoger Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery Hospital Hietzing Vienna, Austria
Aortic Arch Treatment Open versus Endo Evidence versus Zeitgeist M. Grabenwoger Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery Hospital Hietzing Vienna, Austria Evidence Surgical aortic arch replacement with a Dacron
More informationAORTIC DISSECTIONS Current Management. TOMAS D. MARTIN, MD, LAT Professor, TCV Surgery Director UF Health Aortic Disease Center University of Florida
AORTIC DISSECTIONS Current Management TOMAS D. MARTIN, MD, LAT Professor, TCV Surgery Director UF Health Aortic Disease Center University of Florida DISCLOSURES Terumo Medtronic Cook Edwards Cryolife AORTIC
More informationCombined Endovascular and Surgical Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Pathology: Hybrid TEVAR
Combined Endovascular and Surgical Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Pathology: Hybrid TEVAR William J. Quinones-Baldrich MD Professor of Surgery Director UCLA Aortic Center UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles,
More informationPercutaneous Approaches to Aortic Disease in 2018
Percutaneous Approaches to Aortic Disease in 2018 Wendy Tsang, MD, SM Assistant Professor, University of Toronto Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network Case 78 year old F Lower CP and upper
More informationModification in aortic arch replacement surgery
Gao et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery (2018) 13:21 DOI 10.1186/s13019-017-0689-y LETTER TO THE EDITOR Modification in aortic arch replacement surgery Feng Gao 1,2*, Yongjie Ye 2, Yongheng Zhang
More informationI-Hui Wu, M.D. Ph.D. Clinical Assistant Professor Cardiovascular Surgical Department National Taiwan University Hospital
Comparisons of Aortic Remodeling and Outcomes after Endovascular Repair of Acute and Chronic Complicated Type B Aortic Dissections I-Hui Wu, M.D. Ph.D. Clinical Assistant Professor Cardiovascular Surgical
More informationElective Surgery for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Late Functional Status and Quality of Life
Elective Surgery for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Late Functional Status and Quality of Life Andreas Zierer, MD, Spencer J. Melby, MD, Jordon G. Lubahn, BS, Gregorio A. Sicard, MD, Ralph J. Damiano, Jr,
More informationPostoperative Paraplegia after Nonvascular Thoracic Surgery. K Popat, T Ngyugen, A Kowalski, M Daley, J Arens, D Thakar
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology Volume 8 Number 1 Postoperative Paraplegia after Nonvascular Thoracic Surgery K Popat, T Ngyugen, A Kowalski, M Daley, J Arens, D Thakar Citation K Popat,
More informationRemodeling of the Remnant Aorta after Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery
Remodeling of the Remnant Aorta after Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery Are Young Patients More Likely to Develop Adverse Aortic Remodeling of the Remnant Aorta Over Time? Suk Jung Choo¹, Jihoon Kim¹,
More informationHemodynamic Monitoring and Circulatory Assist Devices
Hemodynamic Monitoring and Circulatory Assist Devices Speaker: Jana Ogden Learning Unit 2: Hemodynamic Monitoring and Circulatory Assist Devices Hemodynamic monitoring refers to the measurement of pressure,
More informationTitle: Total Aortic Arch Replacement under Intermittent Pressure-augmented Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion
Author's response to reviews Title: Total Aortic Arch Replacement under Intermittent Pressure-augmented Authors: Hiroshi Kubota (kub@ks.kyorin-u.ac.jp) Kunihiko Tonari (ktonari@ks.kyorin-u.ac.jp) Hidehito
More informationAcute dissections of the descending thoracic aorta (Debakey
Endovascular Treatment of Acute Descending Thoracic Aortic Dissections Nimesh D. Desai, MD, PhD, and Joseph E. Bavaria, MD Acute dissections of the descending thoracic aorta (Debakey type III or Stanford
More informationAcute Aortic Dissection: Decision and Outcome
Acute Aortic Dissection: Decision and Outcome Marc R. Moon, M.D. John M. Shoenberg Chair in CV Disease Chief, Cardiac Surgery Director, Center for Diseases of the Thoracic Aorta Washington University School
More informationResults With Selective Preoperative Lumbar Drain Placement for Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Results With Selective Preoperative Lumbar Drain Placement for Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair Jennifer M. Hanna, MD, MBA, Nicholas D. Andersen, MD, Hamza Aziz, MD, Asad A. Shah, MD, Richard L. McCann,
More informationFollow-up of Aortic Dissection: How, How Often, Which Consequences Euro Echo 2011
Follow-up of Aortic Dissection: How, How Often, Which Consequences Euro Echo 2011 Susan E. Wiegers, MD, FASE Director of Clinical Echocardiography Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Disclosure
More informationPulmonary Complications After Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Predictors, Prevention, and Treatment
Complications After Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Predictors, Prevention, and Treatment Christian D. Etz, MD, Gabriele Di Luozzo, MD, Ricardo Bello, MD, Maximilian Luehr,
More informationTotal arch replacement with separated graft technique and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion
Masters of Cardiothoracic Surgery Total arch replacement with separated graft technique and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion Teruhisa Kazui 1,2 1 Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu,
More informationCannulation of the femoral artery with retrograde
PROXIMAL AORTIC PERFUSION FOR COMPLEX ARCH AND DESCENDING AORTIC DISEASE Stephen Westaby, MS, FRCS Takahiro Katsumata, MD Objective: Cannulation of the femoral artery is used routinely for hypothermic
More informationThoracic aortic aneurysms are life threatening and
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Treatment With Endovascular Self-Expandable Stent Grafts Martin Grabenwöger, MD, Doris Hutschala, MD, Marek P. Ehrlich, MD, Fabiola Cartes-Zumelzu, MD, Siegfried Thurnher, MD,
More informationThoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair: Is Reimplantation of Spinal Cord Arteries a Waste of Time?
CARDIOVASCULAR Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair: Is Reimplantation of Spinal Cord Arteries a Waste of Time? Christian D. Etz, MD, James C. Halstead, MA (Cantab), MRCS, David Spielvogel, MD,
More informationThe SPIDER-Graft for Thoracoabdominal Aortic Repair a feasability study in pigs
The SPIDER-Graft for Thoracoabdominal Aortic Repair a feasability study in pigs Wipper S, Kölbel T, Manzoni D, Duprée A, Sandhu H, Nelis V, Debus ES University Heart Center Hamburg University Heart Center
More informationDaniela Branzan MD, Department of Vascular Surgery and Department of Interventional Angiology University Hospital Leipzig
Ischemic Preconditioning with Minimally Invasive Segmental Artery Coil Embolization (MISACE) prior to Endovascular TAAA Repair: Clinical Experience in 50+ Patients Daniela Branzan MD, Department of Vascular
More informationToward Total Endovascular Therapy of the Aorta. Adam W. Beck, MD. Associate Professor of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy
Toward Total Endovascular Therapy of the Aorta Adam W. Beck, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy University of Alabama at Birmingham Disclosures Grant
More informationCOMPLICATIONS OF TEVAR
COMPLICATIONS OF TEVAR P. Bergeron, A.Petrosyan, F.Markatis, T.Abdulamit, J.-C. Trastour IMAD CONGRESS 2010 Liège Belgium BACKGROUND Stentgrafting is a recognized treatment for TAA & TAD and has been proposed
More informationRisk Factors for Perioperative Stroke After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Risk Factors for Perioperative Stroke After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair Jacob T. Gutsche, MD, Albert T. Cheung, MD, Michael L. McGarvey, MD, William G. Moser, RN, Wilson Szeto, MD, Jeffrey P. Carpenter,
More informationIntra-operative Echocardiography: When to Go Back on Pump
Intra-operative Echocardiography: When to Go Back on Pump GREGORIO G. ROGELIO, MD., F.P.C.C. OUTLINE A. Indications for Intraoperative Echocardiography B. Role of Intraoperative Echocardiography C. Criteria
More informationDeliberate Renal Ischemia
Deliberate Renal Ischemia A Valuable and Safe Adjunct During Operations upon the Abdominal Aorta Robert K. Brawley, M.D., R. Darryl Fisher, M.D., Tom R. DeMeester, M.D., and Ronald C. Elkins, M.D. ABSTRACT
More informationSpinal cord ischemia in thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery: monitoring and conditioning the spinal cord de Haan, P.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Spinal cord ischemia in thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery: monitoring and conditioning the spinal cord de Haan, P. Link to publication Citation for published version
More informationIntraoperative spinal cord monitoring (IOM) during surgery
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Electrophysiologic Monitoring During Surgery to Repair the Thoraco-Abdominal Aorta Tod B. Sloan and Leslie C. Jameson Summary: Prevention of paraplegia during the repair of thoracoabdominal
More informationSimple retrograde cerebral perfusion is as good as complex antegrade cerebral perfusion for hemiarch replacement
Perspective on Cardiac Surgery Page 1 of 7 Simple retrograde cerebral perfusion is as good as complex antegrade cerebral perfusion for hemiarch replacement Akiko Tanaka, Anthony L. Estrera Department of
More informationAmong the many challenges presented to the cardiovascular. Impact of Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion on Ascending Aortic and Arch Aneurysm Repair
Impact of Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion on Ascending Aortic and Arch Aneurysm Repair Hazim J. Safi, MD, George V. Letsou, MD, Dimitrios C. Iliopoulos, MD, Mahesh H. Subramaniam, MS, Charles C. Miller III,
More informationTHORACOABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS HYBRID REPAIR
Update on Open and Endovascular Therapeutic Option for Aortic Repair CENTRE CARDIO-TORACIQUE DE MONACO Friday November 7 th, 2014 THORACOABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS HYBRID REPAIR Roberto Chiesa Vascular
More informationEVAR and TEVAR: Extending Their Use for Rupture and Traumatic Injury. Conflict of Interest. Hypotensive shock 5/5/2014. none
EVAR and TEVAR: Extending Their Use for Rupture and Traumatic Injury Bruce H. Gray, DO MSVM FSCAI Professor of Surgery/Vascular Medicine USC SOM-Greenville Greenville, South Carolina none Conflict of Interest
More informationShunting of the Coeliac and Superior Mesenteric Arteries during Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 26, 602 606 (2003) doi: 10.1016/S1078-5884(03)00355-1, available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com on Shunting of the Coeliac and Superior Mesenteric Arteries during Thoracoabdominal
More informationInterventional Radiology in Trauma. Vikash Prasad, MD, FRCPC Vascular and Interventional Radiology The Moncton Hospital
Interventional Radiology in Trauma Vikash Prasad, MD, FRCPC Vascular and Interventional Radiology The Moncton Hospital Disclosures None relevant to this presentation Shareholder Johnson and Johnson Goal
More informationSTS/EACTS LatAm CV Conference 2017
STS/EACTS LatAm CV Conference 2017 Joseph E. Bavaria, MD Director, Thoracic Aortic Surgery Program Roberts-Measey Professor and Vice Chair of CV Surgery University of Pennsylvania Immediate-Past President
More informationGelweave TM. Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Graft Geometries. Ante-Flo TM 4 Branch Plexus. Siena Valsalva TM Trifurcate Arch Graft. Coselli.
Gelweave TM Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Graft Geometries Ante-Flo TM 4 Branch Plexus Siena Valsalva TM Trifurcate Arch Graft Coselli Lupiae Product availability subject to local regulatory approval.
More information