Paraphilias. Gérard Labuschagne THREAT MANAGEMENT

Transcription

1 Paraphilias Gérard Labuschagne THREAT MANAGEMENT

2 Outline of lecture Introduction Diagnostic elements Scale of severity Extent & most common Why do they occur? Link to crime Types

3 Introduction An intense persistent sexual interest Other than in genital stimulation, fondling, with a normal, physically mature, consenting human being Some relate to the persons erotic activities and others to the object of erotic interest

4 Activity: Whipping, spanking, strangling Object Children, corpses, amputees, animals

5 Diagnostic Elements Criteria A: Specifies the qualitative nature of the paraphilia 6 months, recurrent, intense sexual arousal Criteria B: Specifies the negative consequences (eg distress, harm to others) If you only experience Criteria A = Paraphilia If you experience A + B = Paraphilic disorder

6 People usually have more than one Sometimes linked: e.g. foot fetishism + shoe fetishism Sometimes not obviously related Severity usually determined by comparing paraphilic behaviour to non-paraphilic sexual interests

7 Scale of severity No interest at all Thought or fantasized about it Aroused by idea, interested in trying it Recurrent thoughts, fantasies, or interest Engaged in behaviour Repeatedly engaged in behaviour Requires behaviour to be sexually gratified.

8 Extent of paraphilias Very few people have a paraphilic disorder Those that do practice them often Paedophilia is the paraphilia that receives the most attention Sexual sadism often gets noticed due to its brutality Occurs almost exclusively in men Usually (50%)starts before age of 18 (peaks 15-25)

9 Only 10% of paraphilics only have 1 paraphilia Most have multiple paraphilias So if you arrest someone for one paraphilic crime you need to explore for other paraphilias

10 Occurrence of most common Most common: Paedophilia Exhibitionism Voyeurism

11 Why do they occur? Various explanations- nothing final Psychological: problems occur during phases Learning: people exposed to it at early age Biological: hormones or neurological problems

12 Link to crime People who have a fetish object might even break in to people s homes to obtain the object- this is called sexual burglary. A serial rapist might engage in voyeurism or sexual burglary. Some are criminal in nature when acted out: paedophilia, or when non-consenting, e.g. sadism.

13 Types and explanations

14 Exhibitionism Definition Urge to expose one s genitals to an unsuspecting person Commonly known as a flasher

15 Sexual excitement achieved in anticipation before event Orgasm achieved by masturbating during or afterwards If targeting children then can consider paedophilia

16 Typical excuses Was not sexual I was just going to urinate I didn t realise someone was there Risk factors Antisocial history, antisocial personality disorder/psychopathy, alcohol misuse, paedophilia

17 CRIMINAL LAW (SEXUAL OFFENCES AND RELATED MATTERS) AMENDMENT ACT No 32, 2007 Exposure or display of or causing exposure or display of genital organs, anus or female breasts to persons 18 years or older ( flashing ) s9. A person ( A ) who unlawfully and intentionally, whether for the sexual gratification of A or of a third person ( C ) or not, exposes or displays or causes the exposure or display of the genital organs, anus or female breasts of A or C to a complainant 18 years or older ( B ), without the consent of B, is guilty of the offence of exposing or displaying or causing the exposure or display of genital organs, anus or female breasts to a person 18 years or older.

18 Voyeurism

19 Voyeurism Definition Peeping tom Observing unsuspecting individuals who are naked, getting undressed or engaging in sexual activity Must be 18 years of age or older To avoid pathologizing normal curiosity

20 Observing leads to sexual arousal Offender doesn t usually seek contact Orgasm achieved by masturbation later

21 Covert video-taping of women and children in bathrooms, change rooms, locker rooms Websites dedicated to voyeurism

22 Element of risk increases excitement May lead on to sexual burglary and later rape 20% of rapists have engaged in voyeurism Hunting pattern?

23 Frotteurism Definition Male touching or rubbing against nonconsenting person Usually occurs in crowded place

24 Transvestism Definition Cross dressing Purpose is for sexual arousal Usually more than 1 item of clothing, sometimes complete wardrobe As they get older the sexual arousal often lessens

25 The transvestite who is he? May normally have masculine appearance & occupation When in women s clothing may pay much attention to appearance May have a complete wardrobe including underwear, shoes, makeup etc.

26 Sexual sadism Definition sexual arousal from psychological & physical suffering of another person Can also be voluntary between consenting individuals

27 Sadists may also have an interest in bondage

28 Mummification

29 Caging

30 Sadistic fantasies may be recorded in diaries, videos, drawings

31 Victims of sadists Can be small children or adults Males or females Some partners are willing participants and can be masochists Unwilling victims usually involves abduction Sadistic fantasies may end with the murder of the victim Despite victim behaviour torture will continue

32 Crime scene Sadist may have a special place where he commits the crime (area or even room) Sadistic fantasies take a long time to act out and must be done so in a specific way Offender may even have tools specifically designed for sadistic purposes These tools will be kept by him

33 Investigation of the sexual sadist Tends to be manipulative Considers himself to be superior Previous partners are important source of info Search warrants should include: Films, photos, videos Pornography, Books (psychology, sadism, detective), diaries Torture instruments, sex aids, weapons

34 Masochism Definition A masochist can only achieve sexual pleasure when experiencing pain, suffering or humiliation Have recurrent fantasies about being bound, beaten, humiliated, tortured and act these out Acts can include: Spanking Cutting Verbal abuse Whipping Urination or defecation

35 Fetishism Definition Use of non-living objects or specific focus on a non-genital body part for sexual arousal Objects usually associated with sex are not regarded as fetish objects eg: vibrator Neither are clothes for cross-dressing

36 Differentiate if the object of focus is: Human E.g. foot, toes, amputees, hair Non-living objects E.g. rubber, underwear

37 Often masturbates while holding object Without object individual struggles to become sexually aroused Common objects include: shoes, leather, rubber

38 Necrophilia Definition Obtaining sexual gratification from dead people Bodies from morgues, graves or person may even be murdered for purpose Person may return to crime scene for further sexual gratification

39 The necrophiliac who is he? They are capable of having sex with living persons also Have strong fantasies Often fear rejection from people Substance abuse during the act is common May be accompanied by cannibalism Stewart Boetie Boer Wilken in PE Antonie Wessels Jeffrey Dahmer in USA

40 Associated paraphilias Sadism Hyperdominance/ Bondage Vampirism Cannibalism Sleepy sex

41 Coprophilia & Urophilia Definition Coprophilia: faeces/excrement Urophilia: urine Each involves receiving sexual satisfaction from defecating or urinating by oneself, onto others or others onto self Faeces or urine may be present on a crime scene

42 Zoophilia (Bestiality) Recurrent intense sexual fantasies, urges and sexual activities with non-human animals. Drawn to animals out of a desire for affection, a sexual attraction towards, and a love for, animals. Many of the subjects preferred sexual relations with non-human animals Dogs and horses preferred