ACUTE ADENOIDITIS -An infection & enlargement of the adenoid A disease causing nasal obstruction CHRONIC ADENOIDITIS when adenoid hypertrophied it

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1 ACUTE ADENOIDITIS -An infection & enlargement of the adenoid A disease causing nasal obstruction CHRONIC ADENOIDITIS when adenoid hypertrophied it obstruct posterior nose or Eustachian tube extension of infection that may cause otitis media

2 SIGN AND SYMPTOMS: painful ears draining ears mastoid infection symptom like fever and pain in the affected part impairment of voice noisy respiration snoring

3 Tonsillitis: Introduction Tonsillitis is an acute swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the tonsils. Tonsillitis is caused by a bacterial infection or a viral infection. The most common bacterial infection that causes tonsillitis is strep throat, caused by a group A streptococcal infection of the tonsils and throat.

4 The tonsils are two glands located in the back of the throat. The tonsils belong to the lymphatic system and the immune system and help to protect the body from upper respiratory infections. The role of the tonsils is especially important in young children. Tonsillitis can occur to anyone with tonsils but is most common in children.

5 When a bacterial infection or a viral infection causes tonsillitis, the throat and tonsils become red, swollen, and white patches of pus may appear on the tonsils. Other symptoms of tonsillitis include pain with swallowing, difficulty swallowing, headache, fever, and swollen glands (swollen lymph nodes).

6 Diagnosis Diagnosis of tonsillitis involves taking a health history, including symptoms, and performing a physical exam. This includes examining the throat for the typical signs of tonsillitis &enlargement of neck lymph nodes A throat culture and sensitivity involves swabbing the tonsils with a cotton swab and growing and examining the sample under a microscope for a possible bacterial infection, such as a group A streptococcal infection.

7 Complete blood count, which tests for an abnormally high number of white blood cells. This indicates an infectious process occurring in the body.

8 Treatment of tonsillitis includes measures to help relieve symptoms and keep the body as strong as possible to minimize the risk of developing complications. This includes rest, medications to ease body aches and fever, and drinking plenty of fluids.

9 Con:- People who are in good health can generally recover from the tonsillitis at home with supportive care, such as rest, fluids, and pain relievers. Antibiotics are only prescribed if the tonsillitis is caused by a bacterial infection, such as in strep throat. Surgery may be necessary in some cases

Definition Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T & A) are surgical procedures to remove the tonsils from the back of the mouth or adenoids from the back of the nasal cavity both are part of the

10 Definition Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T & A) are surgical procedures to remove the tonsils from the back of the mouth or adenoids from the back of the nasal cavity both are part of the lymphatic system, which is responsible for fighting infection. These operations are often performed together and are usually done on children. T & As are the most common childhood operations.

11 Purpose Tonsillectomy Tonsils are removed (with or without the adenoids) when the child has any of the following conditions: obstruction sleep apnea. This is a condition in which the child snores loudly and stops breathing temporarily at intervals during sleep

12 Con:- inability to swallow properly because of enlarged tonsils "hot potato" voice (breathy voice) and other speech abnormalities due to enlarged tonsils recurrent or persistent abscesses or throat infections

13 Con:- Four cases of strep throat(streptococcal sore throat) in any one year; six or more episodes of tonsillitis in one year; or five or more episodes of tonsillitis per year for two years indicate that the tonsils should be removed.

14 Adenoidectomy Adenoids are removed (with or without the tonsils) when the child has any of the following conditions: alteration of facial growth because of enlarged adenoids upper airway obstruction

15 Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are surgical procedures performed to remove the tonsils or adenoids.. Both operations are typically performed on children. development of (dental malocclusion) difficult speech or swallowing

16 Precautions There is always some risk involved when a patient is put under general anesthesia. In some cases, a T & A may need to be modified or postponed: children with cleft palates should not have the adenoids removed bleeding disorders; these must be brought under control before surgery acute tonsillitis; surgery should be postponed usually for three to four weeks until the infection is gone

17 Pre operative Nursing care: Pre op investigation Explanation of procedure Consent Fasting preparation of IV line &post operative medication Preparation of ice cream for post operative feeding

18 NURSING CARE FOLLOWING TONSILLECTOMY & ADENOIDECTOMY:- After operation, patient placed in a semi sitting position. For patient undergone general anesthesia, patient placed in prone position and turned head on one side. Ice collar should be applied, kidney basin, gauze or tissue for the expectoration of blood and mucus.

19 Always guard patient for any hemorrhage if he spit out bight fresh blood in large amount frequently, report to the doctor immediately. Vital signs should be monitored every thirty minutes for first eight hours then every hour.

20 If no bleeding, give cracked ice if desired. Avoid too much talking and coughing. Diet should be liquid and semi-liquid up to three days. Best offer is icecream and gellatine for dessert. Avoid citrus fruits and fruit juices or any acidic food that may cause pain on the operative site. Administration of antibiotics s prescribed

21 Nursing diagnosis:- 1\pain R\T surgical operation. 2\fluid volume deficit R\T decreased fluid intake secondary to pain on swallowing. 3\imbalance nutrition less than body requirement R\T reduce in put and pain on swallowing. 4\Risk to the ineffectiveness of therapeutic management R\T inadequate knowledge about complication, pain, position and management activates

(1) TONSILS & ADENOIDS

(1) TONSILS & ADENOIDS (2) Your child has been referred to have his tonsils and adenoids removed. This operation is commonly called an adenotonsillectomy and is one of the most common major operations