SUBSTANCE USE & ABUSE. Chapters 19-22
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1 SUBSTANCE USE & ABUSE Chapters 19-22
2 DRUGS Drugs: substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind Medicines: drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions -Help prevent disease -Fight pathogens -Relieve pain & other symptoms -Manage chronic conditions, help maintain or restore health & regulate body s systems
3 MEDICINES Vaccines: preparation that prevents a person from contracting a specific disease -Dead pathogens -Produces antibodies to fight pathogens -Produces memory cells that can make antibodies -Long lasting protection Bacteria: disease-causing microorganisms
4 Antibiotics: -Destroy bacteria -Kill bacteria -Prevent bacteria from reproducing -MUST finish all of prescription -Overuse can cause bacteria to develop a resistance Antitoxins: -Prevent disease & neutralize toxins -Fight bacteria that produces toxins -Tetanus shot toxins from rusty nail
5 MEDICINES Analgesics: medicines that fight -Inflammation -Redness -Swelling -Pain -Aspirin -Ibuprofen Body Regulating: -Diabetes meds -Asthma meds -Cardiovascular meds Narcotics- require prescription
6 Taking Medications: -Oral -Topical -Inhaled -Injected Side Effects: reactions to medicine other than the one intended Drug Allergies: reactions not expected from taking the drug Medicine Interactions: Additive: when medicines work together in a positive way -Anti-inflammatory & Muscle relaxant Synergistic: results in a greater effect when taken together than when alone -Barbiturates & Anesthetics Antagonistic: one med cancels or reduces the effect -Birth control & Antibiotics
7 Tolerance: condition in which the body becomes used to the effect of a drug MEDICINES Prescription Medicines: meds that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nursepractitioner Withdrawal: occurs when a person stops using a drug on which he/she has become physiologically dependent OTC Over The Counter Medicines: meds you can buy without a doctor s prescription FDA does not regulate herbal/dietary/nutritional supplements
8 MEDICINES Medicine Labels: -Active ingredient -Inactive ingredients -Uses -Expiration date -Purpose -Warnings -Directions -Other information
9 MEDICINES Medicine Misuse: using a medicine in ways other that the intended use -Failing to follow instructions -Giving a prescriptions drug to another person -Taking too much or too little -Taking for longer period or shorter period of time -Discontinuing without informing doctor -Mixing medicines without approval from doctor/pharmacist Medicine Abuse: intentionally taking medications for non-medical reasons Drug overdose: a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug
10 90% of adult smokers began as teens TOBACCO Stimulant: drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart & other organs Addictive Drug: substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence Nicotine: addictive drug found in tobacco leaves Carcinogen: cancer-causing substance Cigars contain more nicotine & produce more tar & carbon monoxide
11 Tar: Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Paralyzing cilia Destroying cilia Destroying alveoli Damaging lung tissue
12
13 Short term effects: -Brain chemistry changes -Respiration rate increases -Heart rate increases -Blood pressure increases -Taste buds are dulled -Appetite is reduced -Bad breath -Yellowed teeth -Smelly hair, skin & clothes -Sores in mouth & throat -Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea TOBACCO
14 TOBACCO Long term effects: -Early onset wrinkles -Chronic bronchitis -Addiction -Emphysema -Gum recession -Tooth decay -Tooth loss -Stroke -Coronary heart disease -Weakened immune system Cancer: -Lungs -Jaw / bone -Kidneys -Bladder -Pharynx -Larynx -Esophagus -Stomach -Pancreas
15 SMOKELESS TOBACCO Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or held in the mouth or chewed 10x more CARCINOGNES than smoking tobacco Leukoplakia: thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer
16 Analgesics: medicines that fight Inflammation Redness Swelling Pain Aspirin Ibuprofen Narcotics- require prescription QUIT TOBACCO 1. -Prepare for the quit day 2. -Get support & encouragement 3. -Access professional health services 4. -Replace tobacco use with healthy behaviors 5. Tobacco cessation program: 6. Info that provides information & help to people who want to stop using tobacco 1. -Nicotine patch or gum 2. -Meds
17 Not governed by Food & Drug Administration E-CIGS Dangers: 85% of vapes are flavored Diacetyle- chemical linked to serious lung disease Benzene-found in car exhaust Heats & becomes aerosol Heavy metals- tin, nickel & lead Nicotine addiction: Teens get addicted faster due to brain development Linked to other drugs Hallucinogens Does not prevent people from smoking cigarettes 3 of 5 vapers also smoke cigarettes Explosions of device
18 Carbon monoxide: colorless, odorless & poisonous gas TOBACCO
19 HEALTH RISK OF TOBACCO SMOKE Environmental tobacco smoke [ETS}: air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke Mainstream smoke Smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker Sidestream smoke Smoke from the burning & or a cigarette, pipe or cigar -Over 4,000 chemicals -Over 50 are carcinogens Health risks to unborn children & infants: -Impaired fetal growth -Spontaneous miscarriage -Prenatal death -Premature delivery -Low birth weight -Deformities -Stillbirths -SIDS- sudden Infant Death Syndrome
20 ALCOHOL Ethanol: type of alcohol in alcohol beverages Fermentation: chemical action of yeast on sugar Depressant: drug that slows the central nervous system
21 Blood Alcohol Content: amount of alcohol in a person s blood, expressed as a percentage Binge drinking: drinking five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting Alcohol poisoning: severe & potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose -Irregular heartbeat -Slow respiration -Vomiting & seizures -Hypothermia -Mental confusion & stupor -Coma
22 Intoxication: state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance & the person s physical & mental control is significantly reduced Factors: -Body size -Gender -Food -Rate of intake -Amount -Medicine
23 Long term effects: -Addiction -Loss of brain function -Brain damage -Sexual dysfunction -Heart damage -High blood pressure -Irritation of digestive lining -Fatty liver -Alcoholic hepatitis -Cirrhosis of the liver
24 Psychological dependence: condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally Physiological dependence: condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug Alcohol abuse: excessive use of alcohol Alcoholic: addict who is dependent on alcohol
25 For teens: Peer pressure Media messages Family Teens of alcoholics run the risk of: ALCOHOL INFLUENCES -Neglect & Abuse -Social isolation -Economic hardship -Mental illness -Physical problems -Personal use of alcohol themselves 5x more likely to become alcoholic
26 LIVING ALCOHOL-FREE Benefits: -Maintaining a healthy body -Establishing healthy relationships -Making healthy decisions -Avoiding risky behaviors -Avoiding illegal activities -Avoiding violence -Achieving your goals Refusal skills: -Be assertive -Call parents or trusted adult for ride home -Plan alcohol-free activities with friends -Avoid parties where alcohol is available
27 ALCOHOL & DRIVING Legal limit: -Teens- 0.02% BAC -Adults 0.08 BAC Alcohol will: -Slow reflexes -Reduced ability to judge distance -Reduced ability to judge speeds -Increase in risk-taking behaviors -Reduced concentration -Increased forgetfulness
28 Group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical & mental problems FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME Effects of FAS: -Heart, liver & kidney defects -Vision & hearing problems -Developmental disabilities -Central nervous system problems & poor coordination -Small head & deformities of face, hands or feet -Difficulties learning & short attention span -Hyperactivity, anxiety & social withdrawal
29 ALCOHOLISM Alcoholism: disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol Symptoms: -Craving -Loss of control -Physical dependence tolerance Contributing factors: -Genetics -Family -Friends -Culture -Peer pressure -Availability of alcohol -Stress which a person starts drinking
30 ALCOHOL ABUSE Stages: -Abuse -Dependence -Addiction Recovery: process of learning to live an alcohol-free life Sobriety: living without alcohol Treatment: -Admit that alcohol use is a problem -Detoxification -Receiving counseling to change -Recovery Treatment Programs: Al-Anon/Alateen, Alcoholics Anonymous, MADD, SADD, National Association for Children of Alcoholics, SAMSHA
31 ILLEGAL DRUGS Illegal drugs: Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy or sell Illicit drug use: use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted Substance Abuse: unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes -Overuse of a drug -Multiple use of a drug -Use of an illegal drug -Use of a drug with alcohol
32 Influences of Teens: -Peer pressure -Family members -Role models -Media messages -Perceptions of drug behavior -Misleading information DRUG USE Overdose: strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug Addiction: physiological or psychological dependence on a drug
33 CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG USE Teens & illegal drugs: -Stop pursuing interests & goals -Engage in dangerous behavior -Involved in violence or crime -Engage in sexual activity -Become depressed -At risk of suicide -Act recklessly -Get arrested Friends & Family: -Stop spending time with drug-free friends -Family feels burden of emotional & financial costs Society: -Rise in drug-related crime -Rise in drug-related violence -DUI- Driving under the influence
34 PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Chemicals that affect the central nervous system & alter activity in the brain Stimulants: drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart & other organs
35 Opiates: drugs derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription & are used to relieve pain
36 Hallucinogens: drugs that alter moods, thoughts & sense perceptions including visions, hearing, smell & touch
37 WARNING SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE -Lies about the drugs they are taking -Constantly talks about drugs -Stops participating in activities once enjoyed -Changes in eating & sleeping habits -Rapid weight loss -Takes unnecessary risks -Participates in unsafe behaviors -Gets in trouble at school & with authorities -Seems withdrawn, depressed & tired -Cares less about appearance -Red-rimmed eyes & runny nose -Difficulty concentrating, forgets or blackouts
38 DRUG TREATMENT CENTERS -Outpatient drug-free treatment: medication & group counseling -Short-term treatment: residential therapy, medication & outpatient -Maintenance therapy: medicine, usually for heroin addicts -Therapeutic communities: residential
4 CATEGORIES. Medicine Tobacco Alcohol Other Illegal Drugs
DRUGS 4 CATEGORIES Medicine Tobacco Alcohol Other Illegal Drugs MEDICINE Drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions All medicines are drugs, not all drugs are medicines Drugs
diii Unit #3 Review Packet Mental and Emotional Health FAS aiiabc aiiiiiiiqeiiic destiin aicoh9lism
NAME HOUR Unit #3 Review Packet Mental and Emotional Health hapter 19 Medicines and Drugs (pgs. 522-539) hapter 20 Tobacco (pgs.540-563) hapter 21 Alcohol (pgs. 564-589) hapter 22 illegal Drugs (pgs. 590-621)
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