The Pharmacology of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction

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1 The Pharmacology of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction

2 Norman S. Miller The Pharmacology of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona

3 Norman S. Miller, M.D. Cornell University Medical College New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 21 Bloomingdale Road White Plains, New York USA With 3 illustrations. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Miller, Norman S. The pharmacology of alcohol and drugs of abuse and addiction / Norman S. Miller. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Includes index. ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: DOl: / Alcoholism-Physiological aspects. 2. Substance abuse Physiological aspects. 3. Alcohol-Physiological effect. 4. Psychotropic drugs - Physiological effect. 5. Neuropsychopharmacology. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Alcohol, Ethyl-pharmacology. 2. Narcoticspharmacology. 3. Street Drugs-pharmacology. 4. Substance Abuse. 5. Substance Dependence. QV 84 M649pj RC565.M '.78-dc20 DNLMIDLC for Library of Congress Printed on acid-free paper Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the lfade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. 1}rpeset by Bytheway 'JYpesetting Services, Norwich, NY

4 To my wife Nicole, and my daughters Mia and Natasha. Persistent partisans who generously devoted their time for this book.

5 Preface This volume is intended for clinicians, researchers, residents, and students. The range is wide and the depth considerable for all the topics covered in the treatment of this timely and relevant subject. This book may serve equally well as a general introduction and a scholarly reference. Ultimately, it is designed to serve those patients suffering from abuse of and addiction to drugs and alcohol. The content and organization of the book flow from general concepts of abuse and addiction to specific details of the pharmacology of alcohol and drugs. Special chapters on topics not found in most other books, such as pharmacology of drug-drug interactions, abstinence, and prevention, are included. This book is written especially for the clinician interested in the pharmacology of alcohol and drugs of abuse and addiction. The pharmacology is integrated into a conceptual approach to diagnosis and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse and addiction. The form and style are didactic, critical as well as straightforward in presentation. Literature references from recent clinical research and basic research provide the foundation for the chapters throughout the book. Because the book is written by a clinician-researcher, the information is readily adaptable to clinical problems and research ideas. I would like to express my deep appreciation to Susan Newsom and Darlene Tucci for their invaluable technical assistance. Norman S. Miller vii

6 Contents Preface... vii CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol and Drugs and Addiction on the Brain and Behavior CHAPTER 2 The Behavioral Concepts of Abuse and Addiction in Diagnosis... 9 CHAPTER 3 The Neurochemistry of Tolerance, Dependence, and Addiction CHAPTER 4 Suicide in Alcoholism and Drug Addiction CHAPTER 5 The Genetics of Alcoholism CHAPTER 6 The Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction CHAPTER 7 The Psychiatric Consequences of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction CHAPTER 8 The Pharmacology of Alcohol and Drugs and Sexual Responsivity CHAPTER 9 The Pharmacology of Alcohol CHAPTER 10 The Pharmacology of Amphetamines ix

7 x Contents CHAPTER 11 The Pharmacology of Anabolic-Androgen Steroids CHAPTER 12 The Pharmacology of Benzodiazepines CHAPTER 13 The Pharmacology of Cocaine CHAPTER 14 The Pharmacology of Hallucinogens and Designer Drugs CHAPTER 15 The Pharmacology of Inhalants and Volatile Solvents CHAPTER 16 The Pharmacology of Marijuana (Cannabis) CHAPTER 17 The Pharmacology of Multiple Drug and Alcohol Addiction CHAPTER 18 The Pharmacology of Narcotics: Natural, Semisynthetic, and Synthetic CHAPTER 19 The Pharmacology of Nicotine CHAPTER 20 The Pharmacology of Nonprescription Medications CHAPTER 21 The Pharmacology of Phencyclidine CHAPTER 22 The Pharmacology of Sedatives/Hypnotics CHAPTER 23 The Pharmacology of Interactions Between Medical and Psychiatric Drugs CHAPTER 24 The Pharmacology of Drug Testing: Indications and Methodology CHAPTER 25 The Pharmacological Treatment of the Acute Intoxication and Detoxification of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse and Addiction CHAPTER 26 The Pharmacology of Abstinence

8 Contents xi CHAPTER 27 The Nonpharmacological Treatment of Abuse and Addiction to Alcohol and Drugs CHAPTER 28 The Prevention of Abuse and Addiction to Alcohol and Drugs Index

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