Alcohol and Other Drug Use. University of Minnesota-Twin Cities

Transcription

1 Alohol and Other Drug Use University of Minnesota-Twin Cities

2 Published Otober 27 Th1s publiation is available in alternative formats upon request. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity eduator and employer. Contains a minimum of 1% post-onsumer waste. For more information, or additional opies, ontat the Boynton Health Servie marketing department at (612) or uha l@bhs.umn.edu. This report an also be found on the Boynton Health Servie Web site: edu.

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4 Snapshot: Colleges and Universities Partiipating in the 27 College Student Health Survey Two-Year Shools, Loation : Enrollment-Spring 27* I i Alexandria Tehnial College Alexandria, MN Anoka-Ramsey Community College Cambridge, MN Coon Rapids, MN Lake Superior College Duluth, MN 8,876 Minnesota State Community and Tehnial College Detroit Lakes, MN 6,874 Fergus Falls, MN Moorhead, MN Wadena, MN North Hennepin Community College Brooklyn Park, MN 9,329 Northwest Tehnial College Bem1dji, MN 1,224 ' I Four-Year Shools : Loation : Enrollment-Spring 27* I ) ' Bemidji State University Bemidji, MN Conordia College Moorhead, MN 2,698 Minnesota State University Moorhead Moorhead, MN 9,25 University of Minnesota-Crookston Crookston, MN 951 University of Minnesota-Duluth Duluth, MN University of Minnesota-Morris Morris, MN University of Minnesota-Rohester Rohester, MN 36 University of Minnesota-Twm Cities Minneapolis, MN *Inludes full-time and part-time students. II Alohol and Other Drug Use

5 University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Survey Demographis* All Students Average Age (Years) Age Range (Years) Years 25 Years or Older Average GPA % 27.4% 3.38 Class Status First-Year Undergraduate Seond-Year Undergraduate Third-Year Undergraduate Fourth-Year Undergraduate Fifth-Year Undergraduate Graduate or Professional 15.4% 14.5% 15. 7% 15.8% 7.6% 31.% Gender Male Female Transgender/Other Unspeified 4.1% 59.7%.2%.% Ethni Origin Afrian Amerian/Blak Amerian Indian/Alaskan Native Asian/Paifi Islander Latina/Hispani Middle Eastern Cauasian/White Other 2.7% 1.2% 12.7% 2.2% 1.% 81.6% 2.3% Current Residene Residene Hall or Fraternity/Sorority Other 2.% 8.% *Based on student response.

6 Table of Contents Snapshot: Colleges and Universities Partiipating in the 27 College Student Health Survey ii Survey Demographis iii Introdution vi Methodology Results Alohol Use-Past 12 Months 2 Current Alohol Use, 18- to 24-Year-Old Students: Longitudinal 2 Current Alohol Use, All Students by Age Group and Gender 3 Current Alohol Use, All Students by Age 3 Average Number of Drinks per Week, 18- to 24-Year-Old Students: Longitudinal 4 Average Number of Drinks per Week, All Students by Age Group and Gender 4 High-Risk Drinking, 18- to 24-Year-Oid Students: Longitudinal 5 High-Risk Drinking, All Students by Age Group and Gender 5 High-Risk Drinking, All Students by Age 6 High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus- Pereived vs. Atual 6 Blood Alohol Content 7 Average Estimated Blood Alohol Content, All Students by Gender 7 Average Estimated Blood Alohol Content, All Students by Age 7 Negative Consequenes of Alohol/Drug Use 8 Average Number of Negative Consequenes 9 Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Alohol/Drug-Related Situation 9 High-Risk Drinking and Se leted Consequenes 1 Marijuana Use-Past 12 Months 1 Current Marijuana Use, 18- to 24-Year-Old Students: Longitudinal 11 Current Marijuana Use, All Students by Age Group and Gender 11 Seleted Drug Use-Past 12 Months 12 Impat of Health and Personal Issues on Aademi Performane-Past 12 Months 13 Table of Contents V

7 '.. ' ' j I,it: Introdution For some young adults, ollege life inludes an introdution to or inrease in the use of alohol, marijuana, and various illiit drugs. Whether students are using these substanes to signify emergene into adulthood, enhane their soial life, or ope with stress, substane abuse an lead to a deline in lassroom performane, lower grades, aggressive behavior, property damage, and personal injury. National Comparison Amerian ollege students onsume alohol and other drugs at very high rates. Nearly nine in ten (86.6%) ollege students have onsumed alohol at least one time, and nearly seven in ten (68.%) ollege students onsume alohol monthly. 1 Heavy or "binge" drinking (onsuming five or more aloholi beverages in a row in the previous two weeks) rates peak between ages 21 and 23 (49.9% at age 21,46.6% at age 22, and 47.7% at age 23). 2 The rate of binge drinking is 36.1% among 18- to 2-year-olds and 45.7% among 21- to 25-year-olds. 2 Young adults ages 18 to 22 who are enrolled in ollege ful l time are more likely than their peers who are not enrol led in ollege full time to onsume alohol monthly and to binge drink. 2 More than half (52.%) of ollege students have used an illiit drug at least one in their lifetime, nearly two in five (37.%) ollege students have used an illiit drug at least one in the past year, and more than one in five (21.2%) ollege students have used an illiit drug in the last month. 1 Marijuana is the illiit drug of hoie for ollege students, with nearly half (49.1 %) of students having used the drug at least one in their lifetime and one-third (33. 3%) having used it in the past year. 1 Among ollege students, 6. 7% have used amphetamines, 5.7% have used oa ine, 1.7% have used methamphetamines, and.3% have used heroin in the previous year. 1 There is a higher prevalene among male ollege students (41.%) in the use of any illiit drug in the previous year than among female ollege students (34.%). 2 The rate of past month illiit drug use is 22.3% for all 18- to 2-year-olds and 18.7% for all21 - to 25-year-olds Alohol and Among the individuals from 14 Minnesota olleges and universities who partiipated in the 27 College Student Health Survey: 1.5% report using alohol within the past 3 days..37.1% report engaging in high-risk drinking within the past two weeks. 6.8% report using an illiit drug within the past 12 months, with 3.3% having used sedatives, 2.7% having used oaine, 1.9% having used halluinogens, and 1.2% having used amphetamines. 11.3% of students report using marijuana within the past 3 days. Referenes: 1 Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bahman, J. G., & Shulenberg, J. E. (26). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, VoL II: College students and adults ages Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH Publiation No Substane Abuse and Mental Health Servies Administration. (26). Results from the 25 National Survey on Drug Use and Health : National findings. Rokville, MD: Offie of Applied Studies. NSDUH Series H-3, DHHS Publiation No. SMA VI Alohol and Other Drug Use

8 Methodology Students ompleted the 27 College Student Health Survey, developed by Boynton Health Servie at the University of Minnesota. As an inentive, all students who responded to the survey reeived a $5 gift ard and entry into a drawing for gift ertifiates valued at $3, (one), $1, (one), and $5 (two) at a variety of stores. University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Methodology Highlights Partiipants were ontated through multiple mailings and s: Postards were sent to randomly seleted students notifying them of their eligibility to partiipate in the survey. Students at eleven shools were ed a link to an online version of the survey, and students at three shools reeived a paper survey via U.S. Mail. Reminder postards/multiple s were sent to all students to enourage partiipation. All students ree ived a minimum of two invitations to partiipate in the survey. UNIVUSITY Of MINNESOTA You h<liw! been randomly ~lefted to P<trlKtpate lf'l the 27 COllege Student Health SOrlie)'.ldmlfl~tered by your 5e:hool<1nd the Unwers f)' of M nneso!.j &oynton HN!Itl WYitt' T"'-lr'lforrnatlot~ y1.1 provldedo.s a great M'Me! It Will be uwd to d1rt<t "~toctlurci Stre-et '>E. r<2t7 health rl!1outes aa<xs the st.ate of Mrnnesot.J Mmne1po!it'l. MN Howdoestbisworl? Survey mun be ompl4t«< by midnight Marth Hi. 27 Just for tampletlll(j thesurv1!yyouwlll..utom;atla11yr.tlveas5tolorgetglft ard andbeenter«< Into a drawing for the U,OOO grolnd prtnl U.S. POSTAGE PAID MPlS, MN ~ To;::-;;.:ou::.=~~~!~:a!!~! & rlghth nd sldeofthi1:.rdl What are the prizes? E..eryone who omplet~ a \t.uvey wrll autom.ltk:.illly re<erw ;a I S larqet goft (ol<d lrl o)(k:htiofl. lour luky studt:nts wrll won g oft ertlfoutes to ;my ombrr'ioiirofl of ttl.! lollow~r~g storh T.lorget. Best Buy. M.lry's, Home Depot, IKEA. The Apple StO<e. TtH.lny & Co SpO<ts Author tty Midwest Mounwmeenng. Of GJbel.l'sl 27 College Student Health Survey Postard Methodolog) 1

9 ~~l' " t... f ; - 1:;,.--~kl~~ - ' l. X~ ~.'*~~ ~~~- " ~. / ~... J 'l' ~.:. ~ --=~; 'f ~ ~ I. ~~..,1: ~~... ' ' Results The past-12-month alohol use rate for all students attending the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (UMTC) is 84.2%. The rates are nearly idential aross gender and age group. The past-12-month alohol use rate for UMTC students ages is 83.9% ompared to a rate of 85.% for students age 25 and older. Alohol Use-Past 12 Months All Students by Gender w ~ w a Twelve-month alohol use is defined as onsuming at least one bottle of beer, glass of wine, wine ooler, shot glass of liquor, or mixed drink within the past year. Campus Years 25+ Years All Students Male Female Nearly three-fourths (73.7%) of University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students ages report using alohol within the past 3 days. The urrent alohol use rate for UMTC students ages has remained fairly onstant sine 1992, ranging from a low of 71.2% in 24 to a high of 78.9% in Current Alohol Current alohol use is defined as onsuming at least one bottle of beer, glass of wine, wine ooler, shot glass of liquor, or mixed drink within the past 3 days. Current Alohol Use 18- to 24-Year-Oid Students: Longitud1nal 1 +-> 6 w ~ ~ 4 8.._..._ ol Alohol and Other Drug Use

10 Current Alohol Use All Students by Age Group and Gender ~ 4 a Campus Years 25+ Years The urrent alohol use rate for all students attending the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities is 74.3%. As with the past-12-month alohol use rate, the perentage of UMTC students who onsumed alohol within the past 3 days is similar aross both gender and age group. The urrent use rate for UMTC students ages is 73.7% ompared to a rate of 75.9% for students age 25 and older. All Students Male Female +-' u Qj a... Current Alohol Use All Students by Age Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs 28+ Yrs University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students ages 18-2 report a range of urrent alohol onsumption from 61.9% to 66.9%. The rate of urrent alohol onsumption inreases after age 2, with a range from 71.5% to 83.%. The peak years for urrent alohol onsumption among UMTC students are between the ages of 21 and 27. Results 3

11 The average number of aloholi drinks onsumed per week by University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students ages has remained fairly onstant sine 1996, ranging from a low of 4.2 drinks per week in 1996 to a high of 4.9 drinks per week in 25. The resu lts from the 27 survey show that the average number of aloholi drinks onsumed per week by UMTC students is 4.5. Vl.:,< ;:: '+- Q:;. E :::J z ClJ "\ ['! ClJ > <( Average Number of Drinks per Week 18- to 24-Year-Oid Students: Longitudinal University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students ages report a higher average number of aloholi drinks onsumed per week ompared to UMTC students age 25 and older (4.5 drinks per week vs. 3.5 drinks per week, respetively). In both age groups, males report a higher average number of aloholi drinks onsumed per week ompared to females. Vl.:,< ;:: Q:;. E :::J z ClJ "\ ['! ClJ > <( Average Number of Drinks per Week All Students by Age Group and Gender Campus Yea rs 25+ Years All Students Male Female 4 Alohol and Other Drug Use

12 High-Risk Drinking 18- to 24-Year-Oid Students: Long1tudmal 5 4 (JJ u (ij a ' 3 1 The high-risk drinking rate for University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students ages has flutuated from 1992 to 27. The lowest rates were reported in 1992 and 24 (37.6% and 39.6%, respetively), and the highest rates were reported in 1994 and 25 (49.6% and 45.1%, respetively). The urrent high-risk drinking rate for UMTC students ages is 41.6% High-risk drinking is defined as onsumption of five or more alohol drinks at one sitting within the past two weeks. High-Risk Drinking All Students by Age Group and Gender (JJ ~ (JJ a Campus Years 25+ Years The high-risk drinking rate for all University of Minnesota-Twin Cities survey respondents is 36.5%. University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students ages report a higher highrisk drinking rate ompared to UMTC students age 25 and older (41.6% vs. 23.1%, respetively). Within eah age group, males report a higher high-risk drinking rate ompared to females. All Students Male Female Results 5

13 The peak years for engaging in high-risk drinking among University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students are between ages 19 and 23. High-Risk Drinking All Students by Age 5 4 ~ QJ l::: QJ Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Students attending UMTC overestimate the atual high-risk drinking rate on ampus. The estimate from all students is 41.8%, and the atual high-risk drin king rate at the university is 36.5%. Those who have engaged in high-risk drinking tend to estimate a higher level of this behavior among their peers (49.7%), while those who have not engaged in high-risk drinking estimate very aurately at 37.3%. High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus-Pereived vs. Atual All Students Question asked: In the past two weeks, what perentage of students at your shool do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink= one shot of alohol, 12-oune an of beer, mixed drink ontaining 1 or 1.5 ounes of alohol, 12-oune wine ooler, or 5-oune glass of w ine.) High-Risk Drinkers 49.7% 36.5% of All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers 37.3% 6 Alohol and Other Drug Use

14 Blood Alohol Content The blood alohol ontent of a student on the most reent soia lizing/partying oasion w as Blood alohol ontent (BAC) measures the perentage of alohol in a person's blood. The alulation of BAC is based on a simple formula that takes into aount the following fators: Gender Current body weight Amount of alohol onsumed (number of drinks) Time period of onsumption Conentration of alohol in the beverage onsumed (based on the alohol ontent of one typial an of beer ontaining 4.5% alohol) alulated based on answ ers to four different survey questions (gender, urrent body weight, amount of alohol onsumed, and time period of onsumption). It should be noted that the BAC alulated in this study is an estimate. This information is self-reported, and students tend to underestimate the atual amount of alohol they onsume. u <( o CJl ro Q; > <( Average Estimated Blood Alohol Content All Students by Gende.~r ~~-~-----~-~ J For students attending the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, the average estimated blood alohol ontent, based on the last time the students partied/soialized, is.7. The average BAC for both males and females is also.7.. All Students Male Female u <( o CJl ro Q; ~ Average Estimated Blood Alohol Content All Students by Age ~~------~--~--~ The estimated BAC levels for University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students range from.4 to.9, with the estimated BAC for all survey respondents averaging.7. The highest estimated BAC is reported by students age 21, although students ages 19, 22, and 23 all have estimated BAC levels that meet the legal driving limit of.8 for individuals of legal drinking age Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Yrs Results 7

15 .- "1 ' ' I ' - In an attempt to understand the relationship between alohol/drug use and alohol/drug-related negative onsequenes, survey respondents were asked whih negative onsequenes they have experiened as a result of drinking or drug use. The list inludes 19 onsequenes that range from mild to severe. Respondents were instruted to indiate whih onsequenes they experiened and the number of times they experiened eah onsequene within the ourse of the past year. The onsequenes were tallied and the number of ourrenes ranged f rom to 1, resulting in a maximum possible sore of 19. More than one in six (17.6%) University of Minnesota- Twin Cities students report having driven a ar while under the influene of alohol or drugs. Approximately one-fourth (24.6%) of students report missing a lass and about one-fifth (19.1% ) of students report performing poorly on a test or projet as a result of alohol/ drug use. Negative Consequenes of Alohol/Drug Use Had a Hangover Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Projet Been in Trouble with Polie, Residene Hall, or Other College Authorities Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, et. Got Into an Argument or Fight Got Nauseated or Vomited Driven a Car While Under the Influene Missed a Class Been Critiized by Someone I Know Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem Had a Memory Loss Done Something I Later Regretted Been Arrested for DWI/DUI Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually Tried Unsuessfully to Stop Using Seriously Thought About Suiide Seriously Tried to Commit Su iide Been Hurt or Injured Alohol and Other Drug Use

16 Average Number of Negative Consequenes All Students by Average Number of Dnnks and High-Risk Drink1ng Vl u 2 '+- 15 ~ :::J..or E ~ :::J z 1 wu O'IQJ ~. ~ ~ro <t: ~ 5 z There appears to be a strong assoiation between the average number of drinks UMTC students onsumed per week and the total number of reported negative onsequenes they experiened over the past 12 months. There also appears to be an assoiation between engaging in highri sk drinking within the past two weeks and reported negative onsequenes. 5 or Fewer Drinks per Week 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Drinks Drinker Drinker per Week Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Alohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students Very Likely. ' ', ~ ;.~ " ~ - Perent. ' ; Somewhat Likely Somewhat Unlikely Students were asked if they would all 911 when someone "passes out" due to alohol/drug use and they are unable to wake the individual. In an example of a situation in whih 911 must be alled, only 54.2% of all University of Minnesota Twin Cities students report they would be "very likely" to all for emergeny assistane. Very Unlikely Results 9

17 .- ; t ~ ~ ~ ' ' \ '~... 1 I '' 1 ; ~,- l ' ' '. '.- ~-. i _ ~ : 'o# r_, t, 1, I :~",t, ~. ~~ ::"r. The rates for the negative onsequenes identified generally are about two to three times higher among UMTC students who have engaged in high-risk drinking ompared to UMTC students who have not engaged in high-risk drinking. Nearly one-third (32.9%) of students who have engaged in high-risk drinking have driven while intoxiated one or more times in the past 12 months. High-Risk Drinking and Seleted Consequenes* All Students. Driven While Intoxiated Argument Poor Test/Projet Missed Class Bee n Taken Advant age of Sexually (Inl udes M ales and Females) *Note: The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negat1ve onsequenes is based on reported experienes within the prev1ous 12-month period. The past-12-month marijuana use rate is 23.7% for all University of Minnesota Twin Cities students. The past-12-month use rate is higher for students ages ompared to students age 25 and older (26.5% vs. 15.9%, respetively). Males within eah age group have a higher rate of past-12-month marijuana use ompared to females within the same age group. +-' <11 Marijuana Use-Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group and Gender ~ 15 a.. 1 Twelve-month marijuana use is def1ned as any use with1n the past 12 months. 5 Campus Years 25+ Years All Students Male Female 1 Alohol and Other Drug Use

18 ... Current Marijuana Use 18- to 24-Year-Oid Students: Longitud1nal 2 15 ~ 1... The urrent marijuana use rate for UMTC students ages has remained fairly onstant sine The highest urrent marijuana use rate was reported in 1998 (18.1% ), and the lowest rate was reported in 27 (13.5%). 5 ~ Current marijuana use is defined as any use within the past 3 days.... ~... Current Marijuana Use All Students by Age Group and Gender The urrent marijuana use rate is 12.2% for all University of Minnesota-Twin Cities students. The rate is higher for students ages ompared to students age 25 and older (13.5% vs. 8.8%, respetively). Males within eah age group have a higher rate of urrent marijuana use ompared to females within the same age group. Campus Years 25+ Years All Students Male Female Result~ 11

19 .. ' ~ The three illiit drugs most ommonly used by UMTC students are oaine (3.1%), sedatives (3.1%), and Seleted Drug Use-Past 12 Months All Students halluinogens (2.%). Further analysis shows that among UMTC students, 7.1% report having used at least one of the nine listed illiit drugs, with drug use ranging from.1% for steroids to 3.1% for sedatives and oaine. +"' ~ a "' "' "' "' ~.!: > ~ ro.e "+" CTI ro ~ u ro a. ro -o u ~. :; 1./) E ro E I <( > u ~ u "' UJ.. >. r:... CD I \C) 1 2 Alohol and Other Drug Use

20 Impat of Health and Personal Issues on Aademi Performane-Past 12 Months All Students Allergies Chroni Conditions ~ : -:... ' ~... ~ ~ ' < :. Perent. ~ :; 31 ' Students were asked to report whether they have experiened any of the health or personal issues presented in the table to the left, and if so, whether the issue(s) affeted their aademi performane. The issues highlighted in red are partiularly salient to this report on alohol and other drug use. The other issues are more relevant to Reports 1-3 and 5-7 in this series. Conerns for Troubled Friend/Family Member ' Drug Use Eating Disorder/Problems Exessive Computer/Internet Use Finanial Diffiulties Learning Disability/ADD Mental Health Issues Mononuleosis Moved/Changed Residene Pregnany Relationship Issues Serious Injury Sexual Assault Sexually Transmitted Infetion Sleep Diffiulties Stress Upper Respiratory Infetion Urinary Trat Infetion - _, ~ ~ -~. : :~",, ~ ~~~ ::.~~-~Jf~Ii 6.~~'.?~ ~--~~ ~: ~\ '.' :};;~. -*' It should be noted that although students report some issues less frequently, these issues may have a greater impat on aademi performane. For example, although only 6.4% of UMTC students report having a drug use issue, of this small perentage of students, 28.5% report it affeted their aademi performane. In ontrast, a larger number of students (31.%) report alohol use as an issue, but fewer of these students (17. 7%) say their alohol use affeted their aademi performane. Further analysis shows that non-marijuana users at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities have a slightly higher grade point average ompared to UMTC students who have used marijuana within the past 3 days (3.4 vs. 3.29, respetively). Results 13

21 14 Alohol and Other Drug Use

22 Partiipating Two Year Shools Alexandria Tehnial College Tam Bukowski Anoka-Ramsey Community College Andrea Roberge Lake Superior College Beth Adams Minnesota State Community and Tehnial College Shawn Anderson North Hennepin Community College Kristi Moebek Northwest Tehnial College Kari Kantak Partiipating Four-Year Shools Bemidji State University Jay Passa Conordia College Paul Wraalstad Minnesota State University Moorhead Susanne Williams University of Minnesota- Crookston Staey Grunewald Prinipal Investigator Katherine Lust, Ph.D., M.P.H. Boynton Health Servie (612) umn.edu Co-l nvestigators Edward P. Ehlinger, M.D., M.S.P.H. Boynton Health Servie (612) eeh David Golden Boynton Health Servie (612) Researh Assistant Julia Sanem, M.P.H. Boynton Health Servie (612) Publiation Coordinator Britt Bakke Boynton Health Servie (612) Publiation Designer Amy Bartkus Boynton Health Servie (612) University of Minnesota- Duluth Lauretta Perry University of Minnesota- Morris Sandra Olson-Loy University of Minnesota- Rohester Kendra Weber University of Minnesota- Twin Cities David Golden

23 Boyntor1 Health Servre 41 Churh StreetS E, Mrnrwapolis, MN Phone (612) FJx. (612) du