THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR AND ADDICTION

Transcription

1 THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR Impact: Drugs and Alcohol AND ADDICTION Michael Nerney and Associates P.O. Box 93 Long Lake, NY,

2 NEW RESEARCH ON THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN Discoveries from Neuroimaging fmri Diffusion Spectrum Imaging SQUID Magnetometry MEG Magnetoencephalography

3 BRAIN IMAGING SYSTEMS CAT PET TDI

4 WHO IS AT RISK? Genetics Environment Experiences

5 P450 CYP2D6 Codeine converted to Morphine Metabolic function Poor Effective Moderate Ultra fast

6 A DISEASE OF THE BRAIN WHO IS AT RISK? Genetics Environment Exposure

7 DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES Chemical Trigger for Puberty Kisspeptin Signal to Endocrine System Production of New Hormones Male/Female

8 ADOLESCENT HORMONES Pituitary Growth Hormone (PGH) Physical Growth Skeletal Muscular Head and Face Self Esteem drop Spotlight phenomenon

9 ADOLESCENT HORMONES, CONT. Testosterone Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics Estrogen Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics

10 WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? 200 Billion Cells Grey Matter White Matter Migration and Activation Cell Migration Benchmarks

11 THE BRAIN

12 WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT. Emotional Intensity 2 to 4 Times More Frequent Change Male/Female Legitimate/Normal

13 WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT. Emotional Intensity Mirror, Mirror on the wall A/A sites Male/Female Brain Differences

14 WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? Emotional Intensity What do I think? How do I feel? Risk/Reward in Change of Appearance

15 Depression WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT. Serotonin Synthesis

16 GENDER DIFFERENCES

17 WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT. Problem Solving Social/Emotional Crisis The Crisis Chemical THP Emotional Support Essential

18 RISK FACTORS, CONT. Emotional Stressors Social Bonding Negative Emotions Boredom Money

19 RISK FACTORS, CONT. Males Older male siblings Females Early puberty

20 RISK FACTORS Family Dysfunction #1 Risk Factor Emotional and Learning Disorders School Failure Social Isolation

21 MOTIVATION FOR DRUG USE Seek drugs for: Create positive effect in brain chemistry Dopamine release in reward sites Suppress negative emotions Activation in specific sites

22 WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT. Risk Taking New Sites of Activity Influence of Peers Male/Female

23 I SECOND THAT EMOTION Social Bonding and Connecting You got to have friends. Like and Admire

24 CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES Role Models TV Social Media

25 Kylie Jenner Challenge RISK TAKING

26 RISK TAKING

27 RISKY BUSINESS

28 ALCOHOL: NEW PRODUCTS Alcohol treats Pocket Shots

29 ALCOHOL: NEW PRODUCTS, CONT. Malt Beverages Malt brewed beer Sugars Flavors ounces 7 13% alcohol

30 IMPULSE CONTROL PRDM2 Down regulated Disrupts impulse control ECM-extracellular matrix PNN-perineuronal nets

31 ALCOHOL IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER DRUGS Alcohol and Liver function Liver Pathways P 450 Busy signal, come back later

32 DRUG COMBINATIONS Enhance Primary Drug Effect Boost the initial drug Slow metabolism Grapefruit juice

33 DRUG COMBINATIONS Reduce Negative Side Effects Minimize unpleasant effects

34 DRUG COMBINATIONS Alleviate Withdrawal Mask the withdrawal symptoms Two separate systems One system suppression

35 ALCOHOL AND COCAINE New Compound-Cocaethlyene 5 Times ½ Life Cardiac arrest

36 ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA Popular combination Cross fade Which one first Toxic effect

37 ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE Impact on Brain Two systems activated Stimulatory caffeine Biphasic alcohol Harvard University study Wide Awake Drunk

38 ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS Physical Energized Uncoordinated 30% drop in glucose uptake in motor cortex 30% drop in glucose uptake in visual cortex Slower reaction time

39 ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS High risk when operating any moving vehicle Auto/motorcycle 32% of all crashes alcohol-related Boat 60% of fatalities alcohol-related Bike/skateboard High risk: Swimming Heights Parties

40 ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE: RISK FACTORS, CONT. Behavioral Sense of competence Aggressive social interactions Twice as likely to suffer physical injury Twice as likely to get in fights Twice as likely to be either a victim or a perpetrator of sexual assault

41 ALCOHOL AND HEROIN

42 ALCOHOL: COMBINATIONS Robo-shots Dextromethorphan Opioid cough suppressant Plus alcohol Rapid and powerful intoxication Motor control Impulse control Delusional

43 ALCOHOL AND PRESCRIPTION PAIN MEDICATIONS Oxycontin Vicodin Roxanol Opana

44 ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE Reciprocal enhancement By the numbers Past and Present Cancer and Cardiac

45 ALCOHOL: IMPACT ON ADOLESCENT BRAIN Duke University study NMDA pathways Adult brain Calming effect Adolescent brain Biphasic excitatory effect It s a party!

46 LONG TERM OUTCOMES OF UNDERAGE DRINKING AND DRUG ABUSE 10% Loss of Volume in Prefrontal Cortex Executive Function Learning Reasoning

47 LONG TERM OUTCOMES 10% Loss of Volume in Hippocampus Memory Motivation Social Behaviors

48 BY THE NUMBERS Drug Overdose fatalities in the US 152 per day 64,404 per year Alcohol fatalities in the US. 241 per day 88,000 per year

49 ALCOHOL AND BAD BEHAVIORS Homicide Assault Suicide Males

50 A DAY AT THE BEACH Spring, Summer, and Fall Open water drownings Male /Female

51 HIGH RISK Driving Swimming Falls Burns

52 THE CABIN IN THE WOODS Highest Risk for Females Second Location More bad outcomes

53 NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE Skin, Prostate, Pancreas, Breast, Liver, Colon, Larynx, Esophagus Dose Related Cause Unknown

54 ALCOHOL RISK FACTORS Age Gender Exposure Amount

55 PREVENTION Medical Staff Parents School Law Enforcement

56 HEROIN Unknowns Cuts Potency

57 ON THE STREET Price As low as $12

58 ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION Routes of Administration Snorting Smoking Injecting IV, SC, IM

59 RISK FACTORS Addiction Infection Overdose

60 ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

61 MARIJUANA MARKETING: IT S GOOD FOR YOU

62 MARIJUANA SUBSTITUTES: RISKS Lung function Joints, blunts, pipes, bongs Vaporizers Unknown herbal products Damiana Yerba Mate Loaded Blunts Herbals plus smokable: Marijuana Heroin, H-Bomb Cocaine, Coco Puffs Methamphetamine, M&Ms Ketamine, Klickums Embalming Fluid, Water

63 MARIJUANA SUBSTITUTES: EFFECTS Physical Mild mental stimulation Body relaxation Social/Emotional Relaxation Laughter Behavioral Disconnected

64 MARIJUANA SYNTHETICS: SIGNIFICANT RISKS Addiction Anandamide influence High potency more activity in CB1 and CB2 sites May lead to dependency and addiction Tolerance Withdrawal Compulsion Loss of Control Continued Use Despite Consequences

65 Marijuana candies NEW PRODUCTS

66 NEW PRODUCTS: DABBING Butane Hash Oil Amber, Shatter, Ear Wax

67 SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL COGNITIVE Internalize new skills Neural pathways and chemistry How to learn How to manage emotions How to behave

68 DEVICES

69 CONCERNS Brain Changes Related to Substance Abuse Reward System Shutdown Systemic Chemical Change CREB Embedded Emotional Memory New Protein Activity PKMzeta

70 WHY IS THIS BRAIN AT RISK? CONT. A Work in Progress Stages of Adolescent Development Emerging Adult Brain The Long and Winding Road

71 COMPONENTS OF TRUST 1. Reliability 2. Predictability 3. Faith

72 EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT Immediate Social/Emotional Physical Appearance Impact on Others

73 WRAP UP Validate Emotions Social Bonding Risk-Taking Opportunities Crisis Support Early Intervention

74 HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS Drug and Alcohol Use Medicate for Feelings Limited Practice Skills No Life Skills Social/Emotional Relationship Adult Brain Less Fire Power Harder Work