322 Index Baker cysts, utrasound-guided intervention, 236, 238, 239f Bile duct obstruction, percutaneous cholecystostomy, indications for, 163, 163f B

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1 Index Abdominal paracentesis complications, 217 equipment, 213 indications/contraindications, 211 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, , 212f technique, , 214f 215f Abscess formation percutaneous fluid collection, 192, 193f 198f postdrainage management, , 205f 206f liver lesions, 262 renal lesions, 279 venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 127 Active bleeding, liver biopsy, immediate postbiopsy ultrasound imaging, 10, 15f Acute urine retention (AUR), percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 184 Adnexal nodes, endovaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy, 77 78, 78f 79f Adnexal/pelvic masses, endovaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy, 77, 78f Analgesia administration abdominal paracentesis, 213, 214, 215f extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, liver biopsy, 8 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 170, 173, 175f 177f percutaneous fluid collection, 200 percutaneous nephrostomy, 136, 142 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 186, 187f biliary drainage, 153 postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 306 thrombin injection, 307 renal biopsy, 27 liver lesion, 250, renal lesion, 267, 270 thoracocentesis, , 109 Anesthesia, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, 87 Angiography 287, 289f 290f postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 304 Ankle, ultrasound-guided intervention in, Apical chest mass biopsy, 42 supraclavicular route, 47 Arterial vessels, ultrasound-guided access and drainage femoral artery, 100, 105f 118f, 108, indications, 98 upper extremity arteries, 124 Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) direct percutaneous sclerosis classification and indication, 281 complications, contraindications, equipment, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, 282, 282f 290f, technique, 292, 293f 295f, , renal lesions, 264 Arthrocentesis, palpation vs. ultrasound guidance for, 233, 233f Ascites abdominal paracentesis, , 212f, 214f 215f liver biopsy as contraindication, 5 immediate postbiopsy ultrasound for active bleeding, 10, 15f liver lesions, contraindications, 247 prior cross-sectional imaging, Axillary adenopathy of unknown cause, ultrasound-guided biopsy, Axillary lymph node abnormalities, ultrasound-guided biopsy, 53, 60f, 63, 64f 321

2 322 Index Baker cysts, utrasound-guided intervention, 236, 238, 239f Bile duct obstruction, percutaneous cholecystostomy, indications for, 163, 163f Bile stones, percutaneous biliary drainage and, 150 Biliary tract, percutaneous biliary drainage, advantages/disadvantages, 150, 150t complications, 153t, equipment, 152 indications/contraindications, , 151t 152t informed consent, , 152t post-percutaneous cholecystostomy drainage imaging, 179, 181 postprocedural evaluation and management, preaccess ultrasound examination, 153 preprocedure evaluation, technique, , 155f 160f Bladder obstruction, percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 184 Bleeding complications abdominal paracentesis, 217 breast biopsy, 64 chest mass biopsy, 50 extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 40 liver biopsy, 10, 15f, musculoskeletal interventions, 242 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 170, 172t, 182, 182f percutaneous fluid collection, 199, 199t percutaneous nephrostomy, 135, 135t, 148 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 189 biliary drainage, 152, 153t, postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, renal biopsy, 24f 25f, 32 superficial lymph node biopsy, 75 liver lesions, 248t, renal lesions, , 278t thoracocentesis, , 220t, thyroid nodules, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, 69, 71 transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, , 99t 100t venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 127 Bowel perforation, liver lesions, 262 renal lesions, 279 Breast biopsy abnormal axillary lymph nodes, ultrasound-guided biopsy, 53 axillary adenopathy, unknown cause, calcifications, 54f, 62 challenges to, 61 63, 61f 64f classification, 52 complications, 53f, 64 contraindications, 54 core needle biopsy technique, 56 57, 57f 59f, radiopaque marker placement, 58f, 60 cystic lesions, 62, 62f dense breast tissue, 61 equipment and room setup, 55 fine-needle aspiration technique, 60, 60f implants, 61, 61f indications for, 52 53, 53f initial training, 52 large breast, 62, 63f lymph nodes, 60f, 63, 64f microcalcifications, 53, 54f patient communication, postprocedure evaluation, 53f, 63 preparation for, 56, 57f 59f preprocedural evaluation, quality assurance in, 65 radiologic-histologic correlation, 64 small lesions, 61 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), breast biopsy indications, Brödel bloodless line of incision, percutaneous nephrostomy, 136 Calcifications, breast biopsy, 54f, 62 Capping test, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous biliary drainage, postobservation period, 159 Cardiovascular disease, arteriovenous malformation, percutaneous sclerosis, 281 Catheterization endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, pelvic abscess drainage, 80 81, 80f 81f percutaneous nephrostomy, 133f 134f, 147 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, , 185f, 187f postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, classification, 299 complications, 304t, compression therapy technique, equipment, indications/contraindications, 299 percutaneous thrombin injection, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, 300, 300f 303f, 304, 304t sonohysterography, , 314f 319f 108, 110f 111f Chest mass biopsy classification, 42 complications, 50 contraindications, endpoints, 47, 48f 50f equipment, indications, 42 postprocedural management, procedural evaluation and patient preparation, 43 technique, 44 47, 44f 46f, 48f Chest pain liver biopsy, 17 biliary drainage, 161 Chest tube placement, thoracocentesis, 226 Chest x-ray, venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 127

3 Index 323 Cholecystitis percutaneous cholecystostomy access route planning, 164, 165f 169f preprocedural evaluation, 164, 164f prior cross-sectional imaging, 164, 165f 166f, liver lesions, 263 Cholecystostomy, percutaneous, access route planning, 164, 165f 169f complications, 172t, 182 equipment, 170, 172 indications/contraindications, postprocedural evaluation and management, , 182t preprocedural evaluation, , 164f 169f, 171f technique, 164f, 169f, , 172t, 173f 181f Cholelithiasis, percutaneous cholecystostomy, 164, 166f Coagulopathy thresholds abdominal paracentesis, contraindications, chest mass biopsy, 43 liver biopsy as contraindication, 3t, 5 prebiopsy laboratory values, 3t, 7 percutaneous cholecystostomy, contraindications, 163 percutaneous fluid collection contraindications, 191 preprocedure laboratory values, 199 percutaneous nephrostomy, evaluation of, 130 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 184 biliary drainage, 151 postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 304, 304t renal biopsy, 19t, 22, contraindications, 265, liver lesions, 247, 248t 98 99, 98t Coaxial access needle technique breast biopsy, dense tissue conditions, 61 chest mass biopsy, 47 liver biopsy, 8, 9f 14f renal biopsy, 27, 28f 29f, 30 transhepatic tract embolization, 9f 10f, 10, 14f 100 Colon preservation,, renal lesions, 266 Color Doppler ultrasound chest mass biopsy, 43 44, 47 transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, 86 Compartment syndrome 282, 297 Compression therapy, postcatherization pseudoaneurysm indications, 299 technique, Computed tomography (CT) 282f 285f, 286 extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 34 35, 36f 37f percutaneous cholecystostomy, 164, 167f 169f, 181f percutaneous fluid collection, , 191f 198f, 201f postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 300, 300f 303f liver lesions, 251f 252f, 254f 256f, 260 renal lesions, 264, 268, 268f 269f, 271f 274f, 275, 276f 277f thoracocentesis, 218, 219f, 223f, 225f Core needle biopsy breast biopsy axillary lymph nodes, 63, 64f implants, 61, 61f large breast, lesions in, 62, 63f needle selection, 55 radiologic-histologic correlation, 64 radiopaque marker placement, 58f, 60 technique, 56 60, 56f 59f chest mass biopsy, 43 44, 45f, superficial lymph node biopsy, 72 75, 74f Cross-sectional imaging abdominal paracentesis, 211, 212f, , 282f 285f, extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 34 35, 36f 37f, 38 liver biopsy, 5 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 164, 165f 166f percutaneous fluid collection, 191f, , 192f 198f percutaneous nephrostomy, , 129f 135f percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 184, 185f biliary drainage, postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 300, 300f 303f renal biopsy, 23, 26 liver lesions, 248 renal lesions, , 275, 276f 277f thoracocentesis, 218, 219f 220f Cryoablation systems liver lesions, renal lesions, 268f 269f, , 271f 273f indications for, 264 CRYOcare System, liver lesion, 253 Cutting needle biopsy, endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, Cystic lesions, breast biopsy, 62, 62f Cystostomy, percutaneous suprapubic, complications, 186t, 189 equipment, 186 indications/contraindications, 184 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, , 185f technique, , 187f Dagnostic arteriography, complications, 99, 99t Digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal prostate biopsy, 85 Distal embolization 298 postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 305t,

4 324 Index Doppler ultrasound examination abdominal paracentesis, , 214f 215f 286, 286f 287f equipment, 291 posttreatment imaging, 296 pretreatment exam, 292 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 169f, 172 percutaneous fluid collection, preprocedure preparation, 200 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 186 biliary drainage, 153 postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 300, 300f 303f compression therapy, equipment, 305 liver lesion, 250 preablative examination, 257 renal lesion, 267 postablation imaging, 274 thoracocentesis, preprocedural assessment, 220f, Dry tap technique, ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal joint interventions, 230, 230f Elbow, ultrasound-guided intervention in, Empyema, thoracocentesis, 218, 219f Endometrium endovaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy, 77, 78f 79f, 79 sonohysterography, , 314f 319f Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) percutaneous biliary drainage and, 150 percutaneous fluid collection, 199 Endoscopic ultrasound, chest mass biopsy, 42 Endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, biopsy, 76 79, 77f 79f classification, 76 equipment, 77 79, 77f indications/contraindications, 76 pelvic abscess drainage, 79 84, 81f 83f Extrahepatic transperitoneal access, percutaneous cholecystostomy, 172, 172t, 173f 174f Extravisceral abdominal mass preprocedural evaluation, 34 35, 38 ultrasound biopsy, complications, 40 equipment, indications and contraindications, 34 postprocedural evaluation and management, prebiopsy laboratory values, 38 Femoral vessels postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 100, 105f 118f, 108, Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy breast biopsy axillary lymph nodes, 63, 64f indications for, 55 technique, 60, 60f chest mass biopsy, 43 46, 46f endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, retroperitoneal approach, 34, 35f, 38, 39 superficial lymph node biopsy, 72 75, 74f thyroid nodules classification, 67 complications and management, 69, 70f, 71 diagnostic efficacy, 71 endpoints, 69 equipment and tray setup, 68, 68f indications and contraindications, 67 postprocedural evaluation, 69 preprocedural evaluation, 67 quality controls, 71 techniques, 68, 68f 69f Fluid collection, percutaneous drainage. See also Paracentesis, abdominal; Thoracocentesis classification, 190 complications, 199t, 209 contraindications, equipment, 200 indications, , 191f long-term management, 205f 206f, 206, 207f 208f, postprocedural evaluation and management, , 205f 208f, preprocedural evaluation, , 193f 198f technique, , 201f 202f, 203t Fluoroscopic imaging and guidance 292, 294f liver biopsy coaxial needle and coil embolization, 8, 9f 10f transjugular biopsy, 3, 3t, 4f 5f liver lesion, , 252f percutaneous cholecystostomy, 174, 175f 180f, 179 percutaneous fluid collection, 192, 193f 198f, 203, 203t percutaneous nephrostomy, 129, 130f, 133f 134f, 138f 146f, 142, , 146f percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 188 biliary drainage, , 159f 160f renal biopsy, transjugular renal biopsy, 19, 20f thoracocentesis, 222, 223f 226f 100, 107f 108f Free-hand technique, chest mass biopsy, 45 Gallbladder disease, percutaneous cholecystostomy access route planning, 164, 165f 169f endpoints, 179, 181 indications for, 163 preprocedural evaluation, 164, 164f, 169f, 172 prior cross-sectional imaging, 164, 165f 166f Glenohumeral joint, ultrasound-guided intervention, 233, 234f Gray-scale ultrasound imaging 282, 283f 288f, , 293f 295f

5 Index 325 liver biopsy, 5, 7f target lesion biopsy, 10, 12f 14f liver lesion, 251f 253f percutaneous fluid collection, , 191f 198f, 202f biliary drainage, 156f 158f, 160 postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 300, 300f 303f thoracocentesis, 222, 224f, 226f 100, 101f 108f, 108 Gross hematuria, renal lesions,, contraindications, 265, 279 Hematomas, percutaneous fluid collection, , 191f long-term management, 205f 206f, 206, 207f 208f, Hemoptysis, chest mass biopsy, 50 Hemorrhage chest mass biopsy, 50 superficial lymph node biopsy, 75 Hemostasis, vascular access, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 125 Hepatic decompensation,, liver lesions, 262 Hepatobiliary nuclear scan, percutaneous cholecystostomy, prior image evaluation, 170, 171f Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as liver biopsy contraindication, 5 complications, 248t, equipment guidelines, , 251f 252f indications/contraindications, 247 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, technique, , 253f 257f, , 259f 260f High-frequency linear array transducers, breast biopsy, 55 High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), transrectal prostate biopsy, 85 86, 86t, 90 Hip, ultrasound-guided intervention in, 234, 236 Horseshoe kidney, renal biopsy contraindication, 22 Hydronephrosis, renal biopsy contraindication, 22 Hysterosalpingography, endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, tray setup, 76, 77f Hysteroscopy, Iliac nodes, endovaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy, 77 78, 78f 79f Impedance-based ablative system, renal lesion therapy, 274f 275f probe devices, Implants, breast biopsy with, 61, 61f Informed consent obligations abdominal paracentesis, 211, 213 arteriovenous malformations, percutaneous sclerosis, extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 38 liver biopsy, 7 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 170, 172t percutaneous fluid collection, 199, 199t percutaneous nephrostomy, , 135t percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, , 186t biliary drainage, , 152t postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, , 305t renal biopsy, 26 liver lesions, 248t, renal lesions, thoracocentesis, 219 Injection equipment, musculoskeletal joint interventions, 232, 232f Intraabdominal extravisceral masses, ultrasound biopsy, 34, 36f Intraarticular steroid injections, utrasound-guided techniques, 229 Intralesional steroid injections, utrasound-guided techniques, 229 Intravenous access abdominal paracentesis, 213 arteriovenous malformation, direct percutaneous sclerosis, 292 extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 39 liver biopsy, 8 percutaneous fluid collection, 200 biliary drainage, 153 postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 306 compression therapy, thrombin injection, liver lesion, renal lesion, 270 thoracocentesis, 221 Intravenous fluid and diet abdominal paracentesis, liver biopsy, 16 percutaneous fluid collection, 204 percutaneous nephrostomy, biliary drainage, 160 postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, post-percutaneous cholecystostomy, 181 renal biopsy, 31 liver lesions, 260 renal lesions, thoracocentesis, 226 venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 126 Jaundice, percutaneous biliary drainage, diagnostic evaluation, 150, 151t Jugular vein, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, , 103f 104f, 109f 110f, , 120f 122f complications, 99, 99t Kidney transplant, percutaneous random renal biopsy, 20, 26f 27f, 29 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, cross-sectional imaging, 282, 283f Knee, ultrasound-guided intervention in, 236, 237f 239f, 238

6 326 Index LeVeen Needle Electrode liver lesion, 250, 251f 257f, 258 renal lesions, 268, 268f 269f, 271, 271f 273f, 275f Liver biopsy. See also Liver lesion adjacent organ location, 5, 6f 7f complications, 15f, 16 17, 17t contraindications, 3t, 5 endpoints, 11, 15 equipment, 7 8 hepatic lobe size and location, 5, 6f indications/contraindications, 3 intercostal right hepatic lobe, 3 percutaneous biopsy, 3, 3t postprocedural evaluation and management, preablation biopsy, liver lesion, , 259f preprocedural evaluation, 5, 6f 7f, 7 random liver biopsy, 3, 3t nontarget biopsy, 11, 30 subcostal right hepatic lobe, 3 subxyphoid left lobe, 3 target-selected liver/liver lesion biopsy, 3 technique, 8, 9f 11f, transhepatic tract embolization, 9f 10f, 10, 14f transjugular, 3, 4f 5f Liver failure,, liver lesions, 262 Liver imaging, percutaneous cholecystostomy, 164, 166f 169f Liver lesion. See also Hepatocellular carcinoma biopsy, 3 pathology sample acquisition, 8, 9f 14f preipherally located lesions, 7 targeted lesion-specific techniques, 15, 31, 39 complications, 248t, , equipment guidelines, , 251f 252f indications/contraindications, , 248t postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, technique, , 253f 257f, , 259f 260f Lymphangioma cross-sectional imaging, 282, 282f 285f ultrasounded-guided sclerous therapy, 292, 293f 295f Lymph nodes breast biopsy including, 53, 60f, 63, 64f superficial biopsy techniques, 72 75, 74f Lymphoceles, percutaneous fluid collection, 190, 191f Mammography, breast biopsy vs., 53, 53f postprocedure mammograms, 53f, 63 Mediastinum, chest mass biopsy, 42 Menghini principle, core needle biopsy, chest mass biopsy, Metastases, liver lesions,, 247 complications, 248t, equipment guidelines, , 251f 252f indications/contraindications, 247 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, technique, , 253f 257f, , 259f 260f Metatarsophalangeal/metacarpophalangeal joints, ultrasound-guided interventions in, 230, 230f, Microcalcifications, breast biopsy vs., 53, 54f Musculoskeletal joint interventions, ankle, complications, 229, 242 elbow, equipment and room setup, , 231f 232f hip, 234, 236 indications/contraindications, 229 knee, 236, 237f 239f, 238 postprocedure evaluation, 235f, 239f, 241f, 242 preprocedural evaluation, , 230f shoulder, 233, 234f technique, , 233f 235f, 237f 242f wrist, 234, 235f N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), arteriovenous malformation, percutaneous sclerosis, 296 Needle guides and devices. See Sharp guides and devices Needle tract tumor seeding, liver lesions, renal lesions, 272f, 279 Nephrostomy, percutaneous, complications, 135t, equipment, indications/contraindications, 128 informed consent procedure, , 135t postnephrostomy imaging, 147 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedure laboratory values, 130, 134 prior cross-sectional imaging evaluation, , 129f 135f prior nuclear renal scan evaluation, 130 technique, , 137f 146f Nerve injury management, arteriovenous malformation, percutaneous sclerosis, 297 Nuclear renal scans, percutaneous nephrostomy, evaluation of, 130 Omental mass biopsy, 34, 36f 37f Outpatient ambulatory stay/observation period chest mass biopsy, extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 40 liver biopsy, 15 renal biopsy, 31 Pain management abdominal paracentesis, chest mass biopsy, 50 extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 40 liver biopsy, 16 percutaneous cholecystostomy, , 182t percutaneous fluid collection, 205, 209 percutaneous nephrostomy, 148 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 189 biliary drainage, postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 309

7 Index 327 renal biopsy, liver lesions, renal lesions, , 278t thoracocentesis, 227 venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 126 Palpation-guided arthrocentesis, ultrasound guidance vs., 233, 233f Pancreatic mass biopsy, ultrasound techniques, 41 Paracentesis, abdominal complications, 217 equipment, 213 indications/contraindications, 211 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, , 212f technique, , 214f 215f Parasternal approach, chest mass biopsy, 47, 48f 50f Paravertebral approach, chest mass biopsy, 47 Paresthesia,, renal lesions, 279 Parker-Pearson needle, musculoskeletal joint interventions, 232, 232f Patient communication, breast biopsy, Peel-away sheath, endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, pelvic abscess drainage, 81, 82f Pelvic abscess drainage, endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, 79 84, 80f 83f Pelvic lymphoceles, percutaneous fluid collection, 190, 191f Pelvic ultrasound, gynecological, Percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with, advantages/disadvantages, 150, 150t complications, 153t, equipment, 152 indications/contraindications, , 151t 152t informed consent, , 152t postprocedural evaluation and management, preaccess ultrasound examination, 153 preprocedure evaluation, technique, , 155f 160f postprocedural algorithm flowchart, 162f Percutaneous cholecystostomy, access route planning, 164, 165f 169f complications, 172t, 182, 182f equipment, 170, 172 indications/contraindications, postprocedural evaluation and management, , 182t preprocedural evaluation, , 164f 169f, 171f technique, 164f, 169f, , 172t, 173f 181f Percutaneous fluid collection. See also Paracentesis, abdominal; Thoracocentesis classification, 190 complications, 199t, 209 contraindications, equipment, 200 indications, , 191f postprocedural evaluation and management, , 205f 208f, preprocedural evaluation, , 193f 198f technique, , 201f 202f, 203t Percutaneous image-guided biopsy, breast biopsy, 52 Percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB), chest mass, Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), neprostomy evaluation, 128 Percutaneous nephrostomy, ultrasound techniques, complications, 135t, equipment, indications/contraindications, 128 informed consent procedure, , 135t postnephrostomy imaging, 147 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedure laboratory values, 130, 134 prior cross-sectional imaging evaluation, , 129f 135f prior nuclear renal scan evaluation, 130 technique, , 137f 146f Percutaneous random biopsies liver biopsy, 3, 3t renal biopsy, 20 21, 21f 26f, 29 Percutaneous sclerosis, arteriovenous malformation classification and indication, 281 complications, contraindications, equipment, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, 282, 282f 290f, technique, 292, 293f 295f, Percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, complications, 186t, 189 equipment, 186 indications/contraindications, 184 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, , 185f technique, , 187f Percutaneous therapy. See specific therapies, e.g., Thermal ablation Percutaneous thoracocentesis, Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) abdominal paracentesis prior to, 211 with percutaneous biliary drainage, advantages/disadvantages, 150, 150t complications, 153t, equipment, 152 indications/contraindications, , 151t 152t informed consent, , 152t postprocedural algorithm flowchart, , 162f 169f postprocedural evaluation and management, preaccess ultrasound examination, 153 preprocedure evaluation, technique, , 155f 160f percutaneous fluid collection, 199 Peripheral chest mass biopsy, 42 Pigtail catheter percutaneous nephrostomy, 133f 134f, 138f, 147 thoracocentesis, 222, 223f 226f

8 328 Index Pleural complications chest mass biopsy, 50 liver biopsy, 17 percutaneous fluid collection, 209 percutaneous nephrostomy, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous biliary drainage, 152, 153t, renal biopsy, 32 liver lesions, 262 renal lesiosn, 279 thoracocentesis, 227f, 228 venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 127 Pleural effusion/pleural space infection, thoracocentesis, 218 Pneumothorax chest mass biopsy and, 47 48, 50 superficial lymph node biopsy, 75 Porcelain gallbladder, percutaneous cholecystostomy, 181, 181f Positron emission tomography-computer tomography (PET-CT), liver lesion, 254f Postdrainage imaging abdominal paracentesis, 216 percutaneous fluid collection, biliary drainage, 154 Probe devices, liver lesion, , 251f 257f, 258 renal lesion, , 268f 269f, Prostate biopsy, transrectal ultrasound-guided approach, complications, contraindications for, 86, 86t equipment and room setup, 86 indications for, 85 86, 85t 86t postprocedural evaluation, preprocedural evaluation and patient preparation, 86 technique, 87 91, 88f 92f Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), transrectal prostate biopsy, 85, 85t Pseudoaneurysm, postcatheterization, classification, 299 complications, 304t, compression therapy technique, equipment, indications/contraindications, 299 percutaneous thrombin injection, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, 300, 300f 303f, 304, 304t Pulmonary embolization, arteriovenous malformation, percutaneous sclerosis, 298 Puncture complications abdominal paracentesis, 217 extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 40 liver biopsy, 17 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 170, 172t, 182 percutaneous fluid collection, 199, 199t, 209 percutaneous nephrostomy, 149 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 189 biliary drainage, 161 renal biopsy, 32 liver lesions, 262 renal lesions, 279 thoracocentesis, , 220t Quality control breast biopsy procedures, 65 fine-needle aspiration biopsy, thyroid nodules, 71 Radiofrequency ablation (RFA). See also Thermal ablation liver lesions flowchart for, 259f 260f protocol for, 258 systems for, , 251f 257f renal lesions devices and equipment, , 268f 269f, 270 indications for, 264 Radiographic imaging, venous access, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 114f 117f Radiologic-histologic correlation, breast biopsy, 64 Radionics RFA prove, renal lesions, Radiopaque marker placement, breast biopsy, core needle technique, 58f, 60 Renal biopsy complications, 31 32, 32t contraindications for, 19t, 22 equipment, 27 indications for, pathology sample acquisition, 27, 28f 29f, 30 percutaneous renal biopsy, 20 21, 21f 26f postprocedural evaluation and management, 31 prebiopsy laboratory values, 19t, 26 percutaneous nephrostomy, 136, 138f 139f preprocedural evaluation, 23, 26 random renal biopsy, 19 21, 19t, 20f 26f renal lesion biopsy preablation biopsy, 270 target-selected procedure, 20, 28f 29f technique, transjugular biopsy, 19, 20f transperitoneal tract embolization, 29f, 30 Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) target-selected renal/renal lesion biopsy, 20, 28f 29f classification and indications, informed consent obligations, Renal cysts, percutaneous nephrostomy, , 129f 135f Renal lesions percutaneous nephrostomy, , 129f 135f, complications, 267, , 278t contraindications, 265 equipment, , 268f 270f indications and classification, postprocedural evaluation and management,

9 Index 329 preprocedural evaluation, technique, , 271f 277f Renal stones, percutaneous nephrostomy evaluation, 129, 129f 135f Retroperitoneal extravisceral masses, ultrasound biopsy, 34, 35f Rheumatoid arthritis, utrasound-guided intervention, 234, 235f RITA StarBurst RFA probe liver lesion, 250 renal lesion, 268, Run-away swelling, arteriovenous malformation, percutaneous sclerosis, 297 Sclerosis and sclerosants arteriovenous malformation, direct percutaneous sclerosis administration reservoir, 291 basic properties, classification and indication, 281 complications, contraindications, equipment, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, 282, 282f 290f, technique, 292, 293f 295f, percutaneous fluid collection, 206f 207f, Seldinger technique endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, pelvic abscess drainage, 81, 84 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, , 187f Sepsis complications percutaneous cholecystostomy, 182 percutaneous fluid collection, 209 percutaneous nephrostomy, 149 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 189 biliary drainage, 161 renal lesions,, contraindications, 265 Sextant sampling protocol, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, 88 91, 89f 92f Sharp access guides and devices. See also Probe devices abdominal paracentesis, 212f, , 215f, breast biopsy, 55 chest mass biopsy, 44 45, 45f musculoskeletal joint interventions, 232, 232f percutaneous cholecystostomy, 170, 173, 175f 177f percutaneous fluid collection, 194f 198f, 200, 201f 202f, 203 percutaneous nephrostomy, 133f 134f, 136, 138f 146f, 142 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 186, 187f, 188 biliary drainage, , 155f 158f postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, thrombin injection, 307 liver lesion, 257 renal lesion, 267, 268f, 270 thoracocentesis, Shoulder joint interventions, technique for, 233, 234f Skin preparation musculoskeletal joint interventions, 232 Sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), arteriovenous malformation, percutaneous sclerosis, , 296 Sonohysterography classification, 313 indications/contraindications, 313 limitations and complications, 319 preprocedural evaluation and preparation, , 314f technique, , 315f 319f Splenic mass biopsy, ultrasound techniques, 41 Staghorn calculi, percutaneous nephrostomy evaluation, , 146f Stereotactic biopsy, breast biopsy implants, 61, 61f postprocedure biopsies, 53f, 63 ultrasound-guided biopsies vs., 52 Steroid injections, utrasound-guided intralesional, intraarticular, and tendon sheath injections, 229, 241f 242f, 242 Subacromial/subdeltoid bursa, ultrasound-guided intervention, 233 Suction devices abdominal paracentesis, 213 thoracocentesis, 221 Superficial lymph node biopsy classification, 72 endpoints, 74 equipment, 73 indications/contraindications, 72 patient positioning, 73 postprocedural evaluation, preprocedural evaluation, techniques, 73 74, 74f Supraclavicular approach, chest mass biopsy, apical lesions, 47 Suprapatellar pouch, utrasound-guided intervention in, 236, 237f 238f Suprasternal approach, chest mass biopsy, 47 Surgical preparation and draping abdominal paracentesis, breast biopsy, 56 extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, liver biopsy, 8 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 170, percutaneous fluid collection, 200 percutaneous nephrostomy, 136 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 186 biliary drainage, postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 305 thrombin injection, 307 renal biopsy, 27 liver lesion, 250, 256 renal lesion, 267, 270 thoracocentesis, , 109

10 330 Index Surgical report evaluation, percutaneous fluid collection preparation, 194, 199 Synovial tissue, utrasound-guided aspiration elbow, indications/contraindications, 229 preprocedural evaluation, 230, 230f tendon sheath injections, 239f, , 240f 242f tibiotalar/subtalar joint effusion and proliferation, wrist, 234, 235f Tendon sheath injections, utrasound-guided techniques, 229, , 240f 242f Thermal ablation liver lesions, complications, 248t, , equipment guidelines, , 251f 252f indications/contraindications, , 248t postablation ultrasound imaging, 251f 253f, 258 postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, technique, , 253f 257f, , 259f 260f renal lesions, complications, 267, , 278t contraindications, 265 equipment, , 268f 269f indications and classification, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, technique, , 271f 277f Thoracic complications liver biopsy, 17 percutaneous fluid collection, 209 percutaneous nephrostomy, biliary drainage, 161 renal biopsy, 32 liver lesions, 262 renal lesions, 279 thoracocentesis, 227f, 228 venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 127 Thoracocentesis, complications, 220t, , 227f equipment, 221 indications/contraindications, 218 postprocedural evaluation and management, , 227f preprocedural evaluation, 218, 219f 220f, , 220t technique, , 223f 226f Thrombin injection, postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, cross-sectional imaging, 300, 302f 303f equipment, success rate, , 305t techn ique, Thrombocytopenia, arteriovenous malformations, Thyroid nodules, fine-needle aspiration biopsy classification, 67 complications and management, 69, 70f, 71 diagnostic efficacy, 71 endpoints, 69 equipment and tray setup, 68, 68f indications and contraindications, 67 postprocedural evaluation, 69 preprocedural evaluation, 67 quality controls, 71 techniques, 68, 68f 69f Tissue adhesives, postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, thrombin injection, 306 Tissue plasminogen activator (tpa), percutaneous fluid collection, long-term management, 206, 208 Transabdominal access endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, pelvic abscess drainage, 80 percutaneous random renal biopsy, 20, 26f Transcholecystic cholangiogram, indications for, 163, 163f Transducer equipment abdominal paracentesis, 213 breast biopsy, 55 core needle technique, 56, 58f 59f, chest mass biopsy, musculoskeletal joint interventions, 232 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 170 percutaneous fluid collection, 200 percutaneous nephrostomy, 135 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 186 biliary drainage, 152 thoracocentesis, , 101f 108f, 108 Transhepatic access, percutaneous cholecystostomy, 172, 172t, 173f 174f Transhepatic tract embolization, 9f 10f, 10, 14f liver lesions,, 258 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), abdominal paracentesis prior to, 211 Transjugular random biopsies liver biopsy, 3, 3t, 4f 5f abdominal paracentesis prior to, 211 prebiopsy laboratory values, 3t, 7 renal biopsy, 19, 20f Transperitoneal approach, endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, pelvic abscess drainage, 84 Transperitoneal tract embolization, 29f, 30 Transpulmonary chest mass biopsy, 42 Transrectal approach endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, pelvic abscess drainage, 80 ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS), technique, 87 91, 88f 92f Transretroperitoneal access, percutaneous random renal biopsy, 20, 21f 25f Transsciatic approach, endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, pelvic abscess drainage, 84 Transurethral catheterization, percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, , 185f, 186t, 187f

11 Index 331 Transvaginal approach, endovaginal ultrasound-guided procedures, pelvic abscess drainage, 80 Trucut principle, core needle biopsy, chest mass biopsy, Tubular access devices abdominal paracentesis, 213 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 172, 175f percutaneous fluid collection, 200 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 186 biliary drainage, , 159f 160f thoracocentesis, , 223f 226f 100 Tumor seeding, liver lesions, renal lesions, 272f, 279 Ultrasound-guided access and drainage abdominal paracentesis, fluid collection, percutaneous drainage classification, 190 complications, 199t, 209 contraindications, equipment, 200 indications, , 191f postprocedural evaluation and management, , 205f 208f, preprocedural evaluation, , 193f 198f technique, , 201f 202f, 203t musculoskeletal joint interventions, complications, 229, 242 equipment and room setup, , 231f 232f indications/contraindications, 229 postprocedure evaluation, 235f, 239f, 241f, 242 preprocedural evaluation, , 230f technique, , 233f 235f, 237f 242f percutaneous cholecystostomy, complications, 172t, 182 equipment, 170, 172 indications/contraindications, postprocedural evaluation and management, , 182t preprocedural evaluation, , 164f 169f, 171f technique, 164f, 169f, , 172t, 173f 181f percutaneous nephrostomy, complications, 135t, equipment, indications/contraindications, 128 informed consent procedure, , 135t postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedure laboratory values, 130, 134 prior cross-sectional imaging evaluation, , 129f 135f prior nuclear renal scan evaluation, 130 technique, , 137f 146f percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, thoracocentesis, complications, 220t, , 227f equipment, 221 indications/contraindications, 218 postprocedural evaluation and management, , 227f preprocedural evaluation, 218, 219f 220f, , 220t technique, , 223f 226f vascular access, complications, 127 contraindications, 98, 98t equipment, 100 hemostasis, 125 indications, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, , 99t 100t techniques and approaches, Ultrasound-guided biopsies breast biopsy, axillary lymph nodes, 53 challenges in, complications, 64 equipment, 55 indications/contraindications, initial training, 52 postprocedure evaluation, 63 preparation and technique, quality assurance, 65 radiologic-histologic correlation, 64 chest mass biopsy, endovaginal procedures, extravisceral abdominal mass, equipment, prebiopsy examination, 39 liver biopsy, 3 15 complications, 16 17, 17t computed tomographic findings, 5, 6f 7f guidance equipment, 7 immediate postbiopsy ultrasound, 10, 15f prebiopsy ultrasound evaluation, 6f 7f, 8 pancreatic mass biopsy, 41 prostate biopsy, transrectal approach, renal biopsy, guidance equipment, 27 immediate postbiopsy imaging, 30, 30f transplanted kidney, 20, 26f 27f splenic mass biopsy, 41 superficial lymph node biopsy, thyroid nodules, fine-needle aspiration, Ultrasound-guided percutaneous therapy postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, classification, 299 complications, 304t, compression therapy technique, equipment, indications/contraindications, 299 percutaneous thrombin injection, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, 300, 300f 303f, 304, 304t liver lesions, complications, 248t, equipment guidelines, , 251f 252f indications/contraindications, , 248t

12 332 Index Ultrasound-guided percutaneous therapy (Continued) postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, technique, , 253f 257f, , 259f 260f renal lesions, complications, , 278t contraindications, 265 equipment, , 268f 269f indications and classification, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, technique, , 271f 277f vascular malformation, direct percutaneous sclerosis classification and indication, 281 complications, contraindications, equipment, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, 282, 282f 290f, technique, 292, 293f 295f, Upper urinary tract infection, renal biopsy contraindication, 22 Ureteral disease, percutaneous nephrostomy, 142f 145f, 147 Urinary bladder, percutaneous nephrostomy evaluation of, 129, 131f 132f Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), breast biopsy indications for, 55 small lesions, 6 Vaginal cuff, endovaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy, 77 78, 78f 79f Vascular access, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, alternatives, 99 complications, 99, 99t 100t, 127 contraindications, 98, 98t equipment, 100 femoral vessels, 100, 105f 118f, 108, hemostasis, 125 indications, popliteal or tibial veins, postprocedural evaluation and management, preprocedural evaluation, , 99t 100t procedural risks, 99, 99t 100t techniques and approaches, Vascular injury, venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, 127 Vascular malformation. See Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) Venous vessels, ultrasound-guided access and drainage femoral vein, 100, 105f 118f, 108, indications, jugular vein, , 103f 104f, 109f 110f, , 120f 122f subclavian vein, upper extremity veins, Vital signs, monitoring of abdominal paracentesis, extravisceral abdominal mass biopsy, 40 liver biopsy, 16 percutaneous cholecystostomy, 181 percutaneous fluid collection, 206 percutaneous nephrostomy, 148 percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy, 189 biliary drainage, 160 postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm, 305t, 309 renal biopsy, 31 liver lesions, 261 renal lesions, 277 thoracocentesis, 227 venous access procedures, ultrasound-guided access and drainage, Wrist, ultrasound-guided intervention in, 234, 235f, 241f 242f