Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acute variceal bleeding management of, balloon tamponade of esophagus in, endoscopic therapies in, See also Endoscopy, in acute variceal bleeding management. failure in, general measures in, vasoconstrictors in, refractory, treatment failures defined, 298 rescue therapies for, balloon tamponade, in high-risk patients, surgery, 299 TIPS, Antibiotic(s), in dominant stenoses management, 354 Aspiration, fine-needle, in HCC diagnosis, B Balloon dilatation, in dominant stenoses management, Balloon tamponade, of esophagus, in acute variceal bleeding management, Benzodiazepine(s), metabolism of, hepatic dysfunction and, 186 Biliary casts, after liver transplantation, 367 Biliary leaks, after liver transplantation, Biliary sludge, after liver transplantation, 367 Biliary stones, after liver transplantation, 367 Biliary strictures anastomotic strictures, causes of, nonanastomotic strictures, 365 types of, Bleeding, variceal after portal hypertension management, risk factors for, EUS in assessment of, endoscopic sedation of patients with, 192 esophageal, prevention of, endoscopy in, See also Esophageal variceal bleeding, prevention of, endoscopy in. gastric, prevention of, ß-Blockers, nonselective, in esophageal variceal bleeding prevention, Brachytherapy, intraductal, in CCAs management, Clin Liver Dis 14 (2010) doi: /s (10) /10/$ see front matter ª 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. liver.theclinics.com

2 374 Index C Capsule endoscopy esophageal, in PHG detection, in gastroesophageal varices diagnosis, in portal hypertension, esophageal capsule endoscopy in varices and PHG detection, reasons for, techniques, small bowel, in PHG detection, Cholangiocarcinoma(s) (CCAs) described, 333 diagnosis of described, digital image analysis in, 336 ERCP in, fluorescence in situ hybridization in, intraductal ultrasound in, 337 per-oral cholangioscopy in, management of ERCP in, stents in, high-intensity intraductal ultrasound in, 342 intraductal brachytherapy in, photodynamic therapy in, of large bile duct, vs. dominant stenoses, risk factors for, Cholangioscopy, per-oral, in CCAs diagnosis, Chronic liver disease endoscopic sedation of patients with, continuum of sedation, 189 discharge, 191 general principles, hepatic encephalopathy and, monitoring, preprocedure assessment, recovery, 191 special considerations, unsedated endoscopy in, Cirrhosis esophageal varices formation and bleeding in, 232 portal hypertension due to, 231 Computed tomography (CT), in gastroesophageal varices diagnosis, 201 CT. See Computed tomography (CT). D Digital image analysis, in CCAs diagnosis, 336 Dominant stenoses biliary infection and, 354 colonization and, 354 diagnosis of, ERCP in,

3 Index 375 incidence of, 350 management of antibiotics in, 354 balloon dilatation in, endoscopic after disease recurrence, 355 reasons for, 352 vs. surgical, liver transplantation in, after disease recurrence, 355 medical therapy in, 355 stenting in, prevalence of, 350 vs. CCAs of large bile duct, E EGD. See Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). EIS. See Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS). Encephalopathy(ies), hepatic, endoscopic sedation of patients with, Endoscopic band ligation, in acute variceal bleeding management, Endoscopic clipping, in esophageal varices prevention, Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) EVL with metachronous combination, 314 synchronous combination, in esophageal varices prevention, medical therapy with, vs. EVL, medical therapy vs., in esophageal varices prevention, 310 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in CCAs diagnosis and management, in dominant stenoses diagnosis, in PSC diagnosis and management, See also Stenosis(es), dominant. Endoscopic sclerotherapy, in acute variceal bleeding management, Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in HCC diagnosis, in measurement of wall tension of esophageal varices, 226 in portal hypertension evaluation, cyanocrylate injection in perforating gastric veins, 227 esophageal collateral vessels sclerosis, 226 for risk factors for variceal bleeding, variceal recurrence, and post-treatment rebleeding, gastric mucosal changes assessment, 225 hemodynamic abnormalities assessment, 225 portal vein catheterization, 227 Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) EIS with metachronous combination, 314 synchronous combination, in esophageal varices prevention, 310

4 376 Index Endoscopic (continued) medical therapy with, vs. EIS, vs. medical therapy, Endoscopy capsule in gastroesophageal varices diagnosis, in portal hypertension, See also Capsule endoscopy, in portal hypertension. in acute variceal bleeding management, endoscopic band ligation, endoscopic sclerotherapy, in biliary complications management after liver transplantation, See also Liver transplantation, biliary complications after. in esophageal variceal bleeding prevention, See also Esophageal variceal bleeding, prevention of, endoscopy in. in esophageal varices prevention, See also Esophageal varices, prevention of, endoscopy in. in gastric varices management, See also Gastric varice(s), management of, endoscopic therapy in. in sedation of patients with chronic liver disease, See also Chronic liver disease, endoscopic sedation of patients with. unsedated, in chronic liver disease, Endosonography, in gastroesophageal varices diagnosis, ERCP. See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Esophageal collateral vessels sclerosis, EUS-guided therapeutic interventions for, 226 Esophageal varice(s), endoscopic classification and grading of, in cirrhosis, formation and bleeding from, 232 management of, treatment failure, rescue therapy for, prevention of endoscopy in, EIS, vs. medical therapy, 310 endoscopic clipping, EVL, 310 vs. medical therapy, histoacryl injection in, 313 risk stratification of, 234 wall tension of, EUS measurement of, 226 Esophageal variceal bleeding portal hypertension and, 307 prevention of endoscopy in, clinical scenario for, described, 232, screening procedure, target population identification, therapies in, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), in gastroesophageal varices diagnosis, 197 Esophagus, balloon tamponade of, in acute variceal bleeding management,

5 Index 377 EUS. See Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). EVL. See Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). F Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), in HCC diagnosis, Flumazenil, metabolism of, hepatic dysfunction and, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, in CCAs diagnosis, FNA. See Fine-needle aspiration (FNA). G Gastric varice(s), classification of, 263 management of endoscopic therapy in, combined therapies, described, gastric variceal band ligation, gastric variceal obturation, gastric variceal sclerotherapy, thrombin in, Gastric variceal band ligation, Gastric variceal bleeding, prevention of, Gastric variceal obturation, Gastric variceal sclerotherapy, Gastric vascular ectasia clinical presentation of, 288 described, 287 diagnosis of, 288 management of, pathophysiology of, 288 Gastric veins, perforation of, cyanocrylate injection in, EUS-guided, 227 Gastroesophageal varices, anatomy of, diagnosis of, capsule endoscopy in, CT in, 201 EGD in, 197 endosonography in, MRI in, ultrasonography in, grading of, pathophysiology of, Gastrointestinal wall, vascular abnormalities outside, portal hypertension and, 224 Gastropathy, portal hypertensive, esophageal capsule endoscopy for, H HCC. See Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hemorrhage. See Bleeding.

6 378 Index Hepatic dysfunction, effects on metabolism of sedation drugs, Hepatic encephalopathy, endoscopic sedation of patients with, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) described, diagnosis of, EUS in, FNA in, prevalence of, 325 surveillance of, High-intensity intraductal ultrasound, in CCAs management, 342 Histoacryl injection, in esophageal varices prevention, 313 Hypertension, portal. See Portal hypertension. I Intraductal brachytherapy, in CCAs management, Intraductal ultrasound high-intensity, in CCAs management, 342 in CCAs diagnosis, 337 Intramural vascular changes, in portal hypertension, recognition of, L Liver, dysfunction of, effects on metabolism of sedation drugs, Liver disease, chronic, endoscopic sedation of patients with, See also Chronic liver disease, endoscopic sedation of patients with. Liver transplantation biliary complications after biliary casts, 367 biliary leaks, biliary sludge, 367 diagnostic approach to, endoscopic management of, risk factors for, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, 368 in dominant stenoses management, 355 living-donor, as risk factor for biliary complications, M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in gastroesophageal varices diagnosis, MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). N Naloxone, metabolism of, hepatic dysfunction and, 187 O Opioid(s), metabolism of, hepatic dysfunction and, 187

7 Index 379 P Per-oral cholangioscopy, in CCAs diagnosis, PHG. See Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). Photodynamic therapy, in CCAs management, Portal hypertension capsule endoscopy in, See also Capsule endoscopy, in portal hypertension. cirrhosis and, 231 described, 209 esophageal variceal hemorrhage due to, 307 evaluation of, EUS in, See also Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), in portal hypertension evaluation. gastric vascular ectasia in. See Gastric vascular ectasia, in portal hypertension. gastropathy in. See Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). intramural vascular changes in, recognition of, vascular abnormalities outside gastrointestinal wall in, recognition of, 224 Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) clinical picture of, 284 described, detection of esophageal capsule endoscopy in, small bowel capsule endoscopy in, diagnosis of, epidemiology of, management of, acute hemorrhage related, chronic hemorrhage related, natural history of, 284 pathophysiology of, 283 Portal vein catheterization, EUS-guided, 227 Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) diagnosis and management of, ERCP in. See also Dominant stenoses. diagnosis of, ERCP in, Propofol in chronic liver disease sedation, nonanesthesiologist administration of, 192 metabolism of, hepatic dysfunction and, PSC. See Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). R Refractory acute variceal bleeding, See also Acute variceal bleeding, refractory. S Sclerosis(es), esophageal collateral vessels, EUS-guided therapeutic interventions for, 226 Sclerotherapy endoscopic, in acute variceal bleeding management, endoscopic injection. See Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS). gastric variceal, Sedation drugs, metabolism of, hepatic dysfunction effects on, Small bowel capsule endoscopy, in PHG detection,

8 380 Index Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, after liver transplantation, 368 Stenosis(es), dominant. See Dominant stenoses. Stent(s) endoscopic palliation with, in CCAs management, in dominant stenoses management, T Thrombin, in gastric variceal management, TIPS. See Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), in refractory acute variceal bleeding management, Transplantation, liver. See Liver transplantation. U Ultrasonography endoscopic. See Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). in gastroesophageal varices diagnosis, intraductal high-intensity, in CCAs management, 342 in CCAs diagnosis, 337 V Varice(s). See also specific types. detection of, esophageal capsule endoscopy in, esophageal. See Esophageal varice(s). gastric. See Gastric varice(s). gastroesophageal, See also Gastroesophageal varices. recurrence of, after portal hypertension management, risk factors for, EUS in assessment of, Variceal bleeding acute management of, See also Acute variceal bleeding, management of. refractory. See also Acute variceal bleeding, refractory. after portal hypertension management, risk factors for, EUS in assessment of, described, diagnosis of, endoscopic sedation of patients with, 192 esophageal, prevention of, endoscopy in, See also Esophageal variceal bleeding, prevention of, endoscopy in. gastric, prevention of, natural history of, Vasoconstrictor(s), in acute variceal bleeding management,