Contents. General Considerations. Oncology. Chapter 1. Chapter 2

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1 General Considerations Chapter 1 Risk of Infectious Disease Transmission Through Use of Allografts Robert H. Kennedy, C. Randal Mills, Paul Brown 1.1 Introduction Reports of Infectious Disease Transmission Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Other Conventional Infectious Diseases Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Sources of Risk for Allograft Contamination Living Donors and Cadaveric Tissue Donor Screening and Testing Aseptic Processing of Donor Tissue Estimated Risk of Allograft Contamination HIV HCV and HBV Human Error in Donor Screening and Testing Conclusions and Recommendations References Oncology Chapter 2 Current Concepts in the Management of Conjunctival Neoplasms Carol L. Shields, Jerry A. Shields 2.1 Introduction Conjunctival Anatomy Diagnostic Techniques Management Diagnostic Categories of Conjunctival Tumors Papilloma Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) Squamous Cell Carcinoma Nevus Primary Acquired Melanosis (PAM) Malignant Melanoma Lymphoid Tumors Caruncular Tumors References

2 X Chapter 3 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Conjunctival and Eyelid Malignancies Dominick Golio, Bita Esmaeli 3.1 Introduction Historical Perspective and Rationale for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Conjunctival and Eyelid Tumors Patient Selection and Indications Anatomic Considerations Technical Considerations Histopathologic Analysis of Sentinel Lymph Nodes Lymphatic Basins at Risk Care of Patients with a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Potential Complications and Limitations Conclusions and Future Directions References Lacrimal Surgery Chapter 4 The Apparent Paradox of Success in Lacrimal Drainage Surgery Geoffrey E. Rose 4.1 Introduction The Lacrimal Paradox and the Dichotomy of Lacrimal Characteristics The Three-Compartment Model of Lacrimal Drainage Osteotomy Size and the Soft-Tissue Anastomosis After Dacryocystorhinostomy References Chapter 5 Microsurgery of the Lacrimal System: Microendoscopic Techniques Karl-Heinz Emmerich, Hans-Werner Meyer-Rüsenberg 5.1 Introduction Dacryoendoscopy Technical Equipment Performing Endoscopy Transcanalicular Endoscopic Procedures Conclusions Citation and References Chapter 6 Techniques in Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy Peter J. Dolman 6.1 Introduction History Preoperative Considerations Clinical Assessment of Epiphora Indications for Surgery Special Considerations in Endonasal DCRs Perioperative Considerations Hemostasis Anesthesia Antibiotics Set-up Operative Techniques Illumination Source Viewing Systems Formation of the Osteotomy Fenestrating the Lacrimal Sac Mitomycin-C Stenting Postoperative Care EN-DCR for Specific Conditions Pediatric EN-DCR EN-DCR with Canalicular Stenosis Complications Comparison of EN-DCR and EX-DCR Transition to EN-DCR References

3 XI Chapter 7 Monocanalicular Lacrimal Pathway Intubation with a Stable Punctal Attachment Bruno Fayet, Jean-Marc Ruban 7.1 Introduction Description and Fitting for Monocanalicular Stenting: The Mono-Ka Device Description of the Superior Fixation Device (SFD) Monocanalicular Intubation: Technique for Insertion Limitations of the Mono-Ka Device Indications and Contraindications for the Mono-Ka Caution The Mini-Mono-Ka Device Supervision and Removal of the Mono-Ka Complications Complications Related to the Insertion of the Mono-Ka Undesirable Side Effects of the Mono-Ka After Placement in the Lacrimal Pathways Dyeing of the Silicone Itching Impermeability Late Complications of the Mono-Ka After Insertion in the Lacrimal Drainage Pathway Externalization or Extrusion Intracanalicular Migration Prevention of Intracanalicular Migration of the Mono-Ka Complications of the Mini- Mono-Ka Device References Graves Ophthalmopathy Chapter 8 The Role of Orbital Radiotherapy in the Management of Thyroid Related Orbitopathy Michael Kazim 8.1 Introduction: Historical Background Biological Effects of Radiotherapy Safety Pre-treatment Analysis vs. 20-GY Dose Treatment Recommendations and Future Developments References Chapter 9 Bony Orbital Decompression Techniques K.E. Morgenstern, Paul Proffer, Jill A. Foster 9.1 Introduction History of Bony Decompression Indications Characterizing Decompressive Surgery Surgical Approach Bony Decompression Techniques Anterior and Posterior Lateral Wall Medial Wall Floor Roof Alternative Approaches to Orbital Decompression Transantral Endoscopic Orbital Fat Decompression Potential Complications Conclusion References

4 XII Chapter 10 Orbital Decompression Using Fat Removal Orbital Decompression Jean-Paul Adenis, Pierre-Yves Robert 10.1 Introduction Description The Upper Eyelid The Lower Eyelid The Volume of Resection Treatment Program Our Experience Patients Surgical Procedure Clinical Data Statistics Results Proptosis Visual Field Intraocular Pressure Volume of Excised Fat Diplopia Discussion Types of Bone Removal Orbital Decompression (BROD) Performed FROD or BROD? Conclusion References Esthetic and Lid Surgery Chapter 11 Update on Upper Lid Blepharoplasty Markus J. Pfeiffer 11.1 Introduction Surgical Anatomy of the Upper Lid and Upper Orbit Relationship of Aperture Plane, Lid Crease and Skin Fold The Aperture Plane The Upper Lid Crease The Skin Fold The Eyelid Skin The Relationship of the Anterior and the Posterior Lid Lamella The Pretarsal Orbicularis Muscle The Preseptal Orbicularis Muscle The Orbital Part of the Orbicularis Muscle The Suborbicularis Oculi Fat (SOOF) The Orbital Septum The Orbital Fat The Eyebrow The Frontalis Muscle and Its Antagonists The Posterior Lid Lamella The Preoperative Evaluation and Surgical Planning The Patient s Expectation The Evaluation of the Lid Crease Symmetry Preoperative Examination Differentiation of Simple and Complicated Cases Planning Blepharoplasty According to the Typology of Cases Surgical Technique of the Most Frequent Types of Upper Lid Blepharoplasty Marking the Outlines of Incisions Local Anaestesia Skin Incision Skin Excision Orbicularis Separation Orbicularis Excision Identification of the Septum Dissection of the Septum Management of the Preaponeurotic Fat Management of the Intermedial Orbital Fat Exposure of the Medial Orbital Fat Resection of the Medial Orbital Fat Resection of the Medial Subcutaneous Fat SOOF Resection Sutures Laser Blepharoplasty Complications in Upper Lid Blepharoplasty: Prevention and Management Undercorrection Overcorrection Excessive Skin Resection

5 XIII Excessive Orbicularis Muscle Resection Excessive SOOF Resection Excessive Resection of Preaponeurotic Fat Excessive Resection of Medial Orbital Fat Asymmetry Double Skin Fold Posterior Lamella Lacerations Failure to Correct Associated Pathology Hemorrhage, Edema and Scar Formation References Chapter 12 Update on Lasers in Oculoplastic Surgery Julie A. Woodward, Aerlyn G. Dawn 12.1 Introduction Incisional Laser Surgery CO 2 Laser Erbium: YAG Laser Neodymium: YAG Laser Laser Skin Resurfacing CO 2 Laser Skin Resurfacing Erbium: YAG Laser Skin Resurfacing Combined CO 2 and Erbium Laser Resurfacing Non-ablative Resurfacing Laser Treatment of Cutaneous Vascular Lesions Laser Treatment of Tattoos Laser Hair Removal Laser Dacryocystorhinostomy Holmium Laser Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Laser 159 References Chapter 13 Update on the Endoscopic Brow Lift: Pearls and Nuances Bhupendra C.K. Patel 13.1 Introduction Number of Scalp Incisions Sites of Scalp Incisions Forehead Dissection Release of Periosteum Weakening of the Forehead Muscles Fixation of the Mobilized Forehead: How Long Is Fixation Necessary? Methods of Fixation Simplified Technique of Bone Tunneling Method of Elevation Buried Screw and Suture Endotine Fixation Closure Postoperative Care Conclusion References Chapter 14 The SOOF Lift in Midface Reconstruction and Rejuvenation Robert M. Schwarcz, Norman Shorr 14.1 Introduction Anatomy of the Midface Age Related Changes of the Midface Patient Selection Surgical Technique Transconjunctival Approach Sublabial Approach Closed Cable Lift References Chapter 15 Facial Paralysis: A Comprehensive Approach to Current Management Roberta E. Gausas 15.1 Introduction Diagnosis Patient History Anatomy and Function Facial Nerve: Physical Examination Brow Complex Periorbital Complex Midface and Perioral Complex Treatment Strategies Supportive Care Surgical Strategies Aberrant Regeneration References

6 XIV Chapter 16 Self-inflating Hydrogel Expanders for the Treatment of Congenital Anophthalmos Michael P. Schittkowski, James A. Katowitz, Karsten K.H. Gundlach, Rudolf F. Guthoff 16.1 Introduction Clinical Features Epidemiology Definition of Terms Etiology Treatment Patients and Method Osmotic Expanders Patients Results Treatment Course Expander Failures/Complication Number of Operations Treatment Results Acceptance Discussion Introduction Pathogenesis Existing Therapy Concepts Pros and Cons References Chapter 17 Methods to Improve Prosthesis Motility in Enucleation Surgery Without Pegging and With Emphasis on Muscle Pedunculated Flaps Rudolf F. Guthoff, Michael P. Schittkowski, Artur Klett 17.1 Introduction Short History of Alloplastic Implants Evisceration/Enucleation Pros and Cons Intraocular Malignancy Endophthalmitis Blind and Painful Eye Sympathethic Ophthalmia Orbital Implants Materials, Shape, Implantation Technique Non-integrated Implants Integrated Implants Wrapping Materials Indications for Pegging Motility Evaluation Strategies to Improve Prosthesis Motility Without Pegging Suggestions for an Effective Compromise Between Enucleation and Evisceration: Muscle Pedunculated Scleral Flaps References Chapter 18 Current Management of Traumatic Enophthalmos Richard C. Allen, Jeffrey A. Nerad 18.1 Introduction Anatomy Enophthalmos Non-traumatic Causes of Enophthalmos Traumatic Enophthalmos Mechanism of Traumatic Enophthalmos Fractures Associated with Enophthalmos Evaluation of the Patient with Traumatic Enophthalmos Treatment of Traumatic Enophthalmos Non-surgical Treatment of Traumatic Enophthalmos Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Enophthalmos Enophthalmos Associated with the Anophthalmic Socket Mechanism Treatment of Enophthalmos in the Anophthalmic Socket References Subject Index

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