14 Girl with Cushing s Disease: An Update. Kristen Dillard, MD Endorama October 17, 2013
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1 14 Girl with Cushing s Disease: An Update Kristen Dillard, MD Endorama October 17, 2013
2 Initial Presentation Pt initially presented to pediatrician for school physical in fall Pt was found to be obese (BMI 95 th %), have signs of insulin resistance (acanthosis), hirsutism and thyromegaly (no thyroid exam in notes). Fasting labs: Glucose 103 mg/dl, normal CMP otherwise, normal lipid panel, TSH: 0.95 miu/ml, free testosterone: 2.7 pg/ml; thyroid US: 4 mm solid nodule, hypoechoic hypovascular. Sent to endocrine. Mom told she likely has PCOS.
3 Initial Consultation 13 11/12 yr old female presents to peds endo with hirsutism, acanthosis, impaired fasting glucose ROS: Hirsuitism and acanthosis for ~6 mo 1 yr No polyuria no polydipsia or weight loss No headaches, abdominal pain, or visual deficits Deodorant use ~ 4 yr ago. Menarche ~8 months ago, periods irregular Feels like she will not get taller No high blood pressure in the past
4 Initial Consultation Past medical history: Always been overweight, no meds no allergies Family History: Gestational DM (mom) Mid Parental Height: 64 inches Social Hx: no smoking, no alcohol, no illicit drug use, not sexually active
5 Initial Consultation: PE BP 118/84 Pulse 64 Ht 62.7 inches (40 th %) Wt 155 lb 3.2 oz (90 th %) BMI 27.7 (95 th %) Gen: Pleasant, NAD, cooperative HEENT: hair along jawline, upper lip, anicteric sclera, MMM, Nl visual field, no palpable nodules on thyroid, generous thryoid, no lymphadenopathy, + acanthosis along neck CV: Normal Lungs: CTAB Abd: soft obese, + hair in periumbilical region, no striae Neuro: nl reflexes, good strength in upper and lower extremities Pubertal Exam: no cliteromegally, Tanner 5 breast and pubic hair, + hair on areola
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9 Tests Ordered (AM labs) CMP: nl except fasting glucose of 101 mg/dl Insulin: 32.4 uiu/ml ( ) Prolactin: 17.5 ng/ml ( ) Estradiol: 19 pg/ml LH: 19 miu/ml FSH: 9.2 miu/ml Free Testosterone: 3.5 pg/ml SHBG: 5.3 nmol/l ( ) ACTH: pg/ml ( ) Cortisol: 24.4 ( ) Androstenedione: 354 ng/dl (50 224) 17 OH Progesterone: 108 ng/dl (20 285) DHEA S: ug/dl( ) TSH: uiu/ml Free T4: 1.26 ng/dl Bone age: ordered but not done
10 Tests Ordered (AM labs) CMP: nl except fasting glucose of 101 mg/dl Insulin: 32.4 uiu/ml ( ) Prolactin: 17.5 ng/ml ( ) Estradiol: 19 pg/ml LH: 19 miu/ml (ratio 2:1) FSH: 9.2 miu/ml Free Testosterone: 3.5 pg/ml SHBG: 5.3 nmol/l ( ) ACTH: pg/ml ( ) Cortisol: 24.4 ( ) Androstenedione: 354 ng/dl (50 224) 17 OH Progesterone: 108 ng/dl (20 285) DHEA S: ug/dl ( ) TSH: uiu/ml Free T4: 1.26 ng/dl Bone age: ordered but not done
11 Additional Evaluation 4 pm: ACTH: 71.8, cortisol: 20.9 Midnight salivary cortisol: insufficient sample X 2 MRI: Ordered High Dose Dex Suppression Test: 8 mg at midnight 8 am cortisol: 1.3 ACTH: 3.6
12 Sellar mass with suprasellar extension and what appears to be indentation at the diaphragmatic sella based on sagittal image seven and demonstrating enhancement, Overall measuring ~10 x 11 x 12 mm, with involvement of the pituitary infundibulum.
13 Next Steps After returning from a month long trip to the Phillipines hypercortisolism was confirmed: 12 am salivary cortisol ug/dl (nl < 0.09) 24 h UFC 80 ug/24h (< 38), urine creatinine 934 mg/24h ( ) Transsphenoidal hemi hypophysectomy performed
14 Post op POD 0 Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV given x 1 before surgery Developed diabetes insipidus vasopressin gtt Resolved by POD 5 Pre Op 14:15 POD 0 23:59 POD 1 02:00 POD 1 08:00 POD 1 14:00 POD 1 21:15 POD 2 02:00 POD 2 08:00 POD 2 14:00 ACTH Cortisol
15 Morning corticotropin (ACTH) after TSS. A, There was a significant decrease in mean plasma ACTH before and after TSS. B, Peak plasma ACTH. C, Plasma ACTH nadir. Batista D L et al. JCEM 2009;94: by Endocrine Society
16 Morning corticotropin (ACTH) after TSS. A, There was a significant decrease in mean plasma ACTH before and after TSS. B, Peak plasma ACTH. C, Plasma ACTH nadir. Batista D L et al. JCEM 2009;94: by Endocrine Society
17 Pathology The frozen section preparations showed relatively uniformly eosinophilic cells that were interpreted at the time as consistent with a pituitary adenoma. The permanent sections, however, show anterior pituitary type tissue with a distinctly small nested arrangement of cells as seen in normal pituitary parenchyma. The tissue is comprised of cells with eosinophilic, basophilic and amphophilic cytoplasm. On the immunohistochemical studies for GH, LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH and prolactin cells expressing different types of pituitary hormones are found intermixed without a clear sheet like proliferation of cells exhibiting restricted pattern of expression. The morphologic studies therefore don't show any changes that would establish a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. Post operative endocrine studies suggest a normalization of hormone levels. Some of the removed tissue was not submitted for analysis but went into the aspirator. The etiology of the patient's endocrinopathy and the MRI findings of a swollen uniformly enhancing pituitary are not completely explained by these results.
18 Endo Neurosurg Path Meeting Normal pituitary architecture does not explain MRI findings Corticotroph hyperplasia? Not c/w path Residual adenoma in adenohypophysis or infundibulum? Does not explain diffuse pituitary enhancement CRH secreting adenoma? Exceedingly rare May explain clinical picture but produces corticotroph hyperplasia Therapeutic options Bilateral adrenalectomy (risk for Nelson syndrome), radiotherapy/radiosurgery (feasibility) or re exploration (high risk for hypopituitarism) Need more data
19 POD 2 POD 2 POD 2 POD 2 POD 3 POD 3 02:00 08:00 14:00 20:00 02:00 08:00 ACTH Post op course POD 3 14:09 POD 3 23:13 POD 4 11:17 POD 4 23:34 POD 5 07:59 POD 5 23:40 POD 6 08:29 Cortisol days later: salivary and 24 hr urinary Elapsed Time free cortisol (Endo Lab): ACTH Stimulated (Endo Lab) Cortisol, Stimulated (Endo Lab) CRH stimulation MINUS LDDST No hypercortisolism for now Recommended pit screening during next 1 2 months To PMD: Consider 2 nd opinion and/or discussion with NIH
20 Follow up 2 months later, low 12 a salivary cortisol x 2 Afternoon labs ACTH 25 Cortisol 14.6 LH 7.5 FSH 4.9 E Free Te 2.4 Menses have not resumed Acanthosis improved
21 CRH Secreting Adenomas 5 studies from yo M w/ primary lung metastatic small cell carcinoma and central DI (Carey et al NEJM 1984) Crook s hyalin changes CRH like peptide was found to be secreted by carcinoma
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