GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS (India)

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3 International Journal of GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS (India) Volume 1, Issue 5 (February-March 2015) New Delhi London Philadelphia Panama

4 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Officers President: Vice-President: President-Elect: Past-President: Honorary Treasurer: Honorary Secretary: S. Arulkumaran (UK) E.C. Morales (Mexico) C.N. Purandare (India) G. Serour (Egypt) W. Holzgreve (Germany) G.C. Di Renzo (Italy) FIGO Chief Executive H. Rushwan (Sudan /UK) Executive Board Argentina N.C. Garello Denmark A.T. Pedersen Malaysia A.A. Yahya Australia & New Zealand C. Tippett Egypt N.A. Darwish Paraguay A. Acosta Belgium F. Debieve Ethiopia Y.G. Ferede South Africa B.D. Goolab Bolivia C. Fuchtner Finland S. Grenman Spain J. Laiílla Vicens Brazil N.R. de Melo France B. Carbonne Taiwan T.-H. Su Canada J. Blake Germany W. Jonat Uruguay J.G. Allonso Telleche Chile H. Munoz Japan T. Kimura United Kingdom T. Falconer Colombia J.D. Villegas Echeverri Lebanon F. Ei-Kak United States of America J. Martin International Editions and Collaborations IJGO India Editor-in-Chief: Editorial Office: IJGO China Editor-in-Chief: Dr Rohit V. Bhatt Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi , India Dr Zhenyu Zhang Department of Ob/Gyn Chaoyang Hospital No. 8 Baijiazhung Rd Chaoyang District Beijing, China zhenyuzhang2000@yahoo.com Giornale Italiano do Ostetricia e Ginecologia Scientific Editor: Dr A.R. Genazzani Managing Editor: Andrea Salvati Editorial Office: CIC Edizioni Internazionali s.r.l. Corso Trieste 42, Rome, Italy info@gruppocic.it For information about The Secretariat of FIGO is at FIGO House, Suite 3, FIGO: Waterloo Court, 10 Theed Street, London, SE1 8ST UK. Tel: Fax: figo@figo.org Website: All enquiries concerning FIGO may be sent to The Honorary Secretary at that address.

5 International Journal of GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS (India) Editor: Editors Emeritus: Associate Editors: Associate Editor Emeritus: Managing Editor: Editorial Assistant: Honorary Associate Editor: Ethical & Legal Issues in Reproductive Health: Enabling Technologies: FIGO Staging of Gynecologic Cancer: Contemporary Issues in Women s Health: Statistical Consultant: Editorial Office: T. Johnson (USA) J. Sciarra (USA) H. Kaminetzky (USA) W. Holzgreve (Germany) P. Serafini (Brazil) J. Fortney (USA) L. Keith (USA) C. Addington (UK) H. Metherell (UK) L. Hamberger (Sweden) R. Cook (Canada) B. Dickens (Canada) M. Hammoud (USA) L. Denny (South Africa) R. Adany (Ghana) V. Boama (South Africa) V. Guinto (Philippines) C. Sosa (Uruguay) A. Vahratian (USA) FIGO Secretariat, FIGO House, Suite 3 Waterloo Court, 10 Theed Street, London, SE1 8ST, UK Tel: Fax: ijgo@figo.org

6 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by InternationalFederation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (India) 1. Aims and Scope The International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics publishes articles on all aspects of basic and clinical research in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology and related subjects, with emphasis on matters of worldwide interest. The purpose of the journal is to serve an international audience by publishing original scientific articles and communications originating in low-income countries which empha size important obstetric and gynecologic problems, issues, and perspectives, such as maternal mortality and family planning; as well as publishing original articles and communications from the scientific community of high-income countries, with particular emphasis on sharing advances in the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology. 2. Ethical Considerations Manuscripts submitted for publication must comply with the following ethical considerations: Informed Consent Informed consent of the patients must be taken before they are considered for participation in the study. Patient identifying information, such as names, initials, hospital numbers, or photographs should not be included in the written descriptions. Patient consent should be obtained in written and archived with the authors. 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7 International Journal of GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS (India) CONTENTS Volume 1, Issue 5 (February-March 2015) EDITORIAL RV Bhatt Why OC pill use is low in India? 1 REVIEW ARTICLE Jin Guo, Shuyu Long, Huafeng Li, Jinfeng Luo, Dongmei Han, Teng He China Early versus delayed oral feeding for patients after cesarean Early oral feeding offers some short-term benefits when compared with delayed oral feeding after cesarean. 2 CLINICAL ARTICLES A. McKeating, D.A. Crosby, M. Collins, A. O Higgins, L. McMahon, M.J. Turner Ireland A longitudinal study of unplanned pregnancy in a maternity hospital setting Women whose first pregnancy is unplanned are at increased risk of subsequent unplanned pregnancies, mainly because of low rates of contraceptive use. 8 N. Sakhavar, Z. Heidari, H. Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Iran Cervical inversion as a novel technique for postpartum hemorrhage management during cesarean delivery for placenta previa accreta/ increta Cervical inversion is a simple, cost-effective, and time-saving method to control postpartum hemorrhage and preserve fertility in cases of placenta previa. 12 I.I. Okafor, E.O. Ugwu, S.N. Obi Nigeria Disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in a low-income country Disrespect and abuse during childbirth are highly prevalent in Enugu, Nigeria, illustrating the size of this problem in low-income countries. 16 G.V. Marquini, M.T. Jorge, R.M.C. Pinto Brazil Effectiveness of an educational intervention on the suitability of indications for cesarean delivery in a Brazilian teaching hospital Effective educational measures could improve the suitability of indications for cesarean delivery among low-risk pregnancies in tertiary care centers. 20

8 M. Kyrgiou, G. Valasoulis, S.-M. Stasinou, C. Founta, A. Athanasiou, P. Bennett, E. Paraskevadis UK, Greece Proportion of cervical excision for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia as a predictor of pregnancy outcomes The proportion of the cervical volume/length excised during treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia varies substantially and may be a useful predictor of preterm birth risk. 24 E.A. Broekman, H. Versteeg, L.D. Vos, M.G. Dijksterhuis, D.N. Papatsonis Netherlands Temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries to prevent massive hemorrhage during cesarean delivery among patients with placenta previa Temporary balloon occlusion might lead to a reduction in blood loss during cesarean delivery among patients with anterior placenta previa. 31 F.E. Skjeldestad, J.V. Bjørnholt, J.M. Gran, H. M. Erisken Norway The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines on surgical-site infections associated with cesarean delivery Hospitals providing antibiotic prophylaxis to all women undergoing cesarean delivery reported high compliance and had reduced rates of superficial surgical-site infections among planned cesareans. 35 S.M. Bhattacharya, M. Ghosh India Changes in serum calcium and vitamin D 3 levels after tibolone treatment and their correlations with health-related quality of life Tibolone therapy after menopause significantly increases the serum vitamin D 3 level and improves quality of life. 40 Xiu-ying Chen, Qing-yun Guo, Wen Wang, Li-li Huang China Three-dimensional ultrasonography versus two-dimensional ultrasonography for the diagnosis of intrauterine device malposition Three-dimensional ultrasonography is more accurate than is two-dimensional ultrasonography for diagnosis of intrauterine device malposition. 43 P. Chaudhuri, A. Majumdar India Sublingual misoprostol as an adjunct to oxytocin during cesarean delivery in women at risk of postpartum hemorrhage Misoprostol plus oxytocin more effectively reduces blood loss than does oxytocin alone among women at risk of postpartum hemorrhage undergoing cesarean 46 BRIEF COMMUNICATION D.M. Conde Brazil Treatment approach for breast abscess in nonlactating adolescents Breast abscess in nonlactating adolescents is rare. Preferred treatment for the condition is oral antibiotic therapy and ultrasound-guided aspiration. Surgical drainage should be avoided. 51 FIGO COMMITTEE REPORT FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women s Health Ethical considerations on the health consequences of child or adolescent marriage 53