Eastern(NY(Entomology(Update(on(Invasive(Species((Management!(

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1 Eastern(NY(Entomology(Update(on(Invasive(Species((Management!( 2015!Hudson!Valley!Commercial!Fruit!Growers!School!( Best(Western(Plus( Kingston,(NY(( February(10 th,(2015( ( Peter Jentsch Senior Extension Associate Entomology Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

2 Historical(Invasive(Insect(Pests(Of(Fruit(In(Eastern(New(York( Apple!maggot,(Rhagole(s*pomonella*(Wash,(1867)( (TephriQdae;(Diptera( European!red!mite,(Panonychus*ulmi,* *Acari:(Tetranychidae *( Grape!berry!moth,(Lobesia*botrana*([Dennis(&(Schiffermuller]) Japanese!beetle,(Popillia*japonica**Newman,( Oriental!fruit!moth,(Grapholita*molesta*(Busck)( Oystershell!scale,(Lepidosaphes*ulmi*(Linnaeus)( Pear!psylla,(Cacopsylla*pyricola(Foerster, (Tortricidae;(Lepidoptera( (Scarabaeidae;(Coleoptera( (Tortricidae;(Lepidoptera( (Diaspididae;(Hemiptera( (Homoptera:(Psyllidae( Rose!leaGopper,(Edwardsiana*rosae*(Linnaeus)( (Cicadellidae;(Homoptera( (( San!Jose!scale,(Quadraspidiotus*perniciosus*(Comstock)( (Diaspididae;(Hemiptera( Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

3 New!Pest!Update:((((((((((Spo`ed(Lanterfly.(Hemiptera:(Fulgoridae The(SpoHed!Lanternfly,!Lycorma*delicatula*(White),!is(a(planthopper(orinaQng(from(China,( Korea,(India,(Vietnam,(and(parts(of(eastern(Asia.( On!Sept.!22,!2014,!the!Pennsylvania!Department!of!Agriculture,(in(cooperaQon(with(the( Pennsylvania(Game(Commission,(confirmed(the(presence(the(Spo`ed(Lanternfly(in(Berks! County,!PA.! It(is(an(invasive(insect(in(Korea(where(it(was(introduced(in(2006(and(since(has(aHacked!25! plant!species!which(also(grow(in(pennsylvania.(in(the(u.s.(it(has(the(potenqal(to(greatly( impact(>70!plant!host!species!including!grape,!pome!and!stone!fruit.( Adults(appear(in(July(&( moves(to(tree!of!heaven! (Ailanthus*al(ssima)(to( lay(eggs(in(october( SLF(pierces(the(bark(to( feed(on(sap.( Adult(SLF( Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

4 New!Pest!Update:((((((((((Spo`ed(Lanterfly.(Hemiptera:(Fulgoridae Nymphs(hatch(from(Late(April(to(early(May(egg(masses(laid(on(smooth(bark,(stone,( and(other(verqcal(surfaces.(nymphs(climb,!feed!and!fall!repeatedly(onto(host(plants.( Nymphs(complete(four!immature!stages.(The(first(stage(is(black(with(white(spots(and( wingless.(( As(it(grows,(the(Spo`ed(Lanternfly(will(start(to(develop(red(patches(in(addiQon(to(the( white(spots.((nymphs(spread(from(the(iniqal(site(by(crawling(and(feeding(on(woody( and(nondwoody(plants.( Fall/(Winter((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Spring ( ( ( ( ( (Early(Summer( Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

5 DistribuXon!in!PA! 7!Townships!in!Berks!County! 180(miles(south(of(Highland,(NY(

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7 New!Pest!Update:!!!!!!!!!!SpoHed!Lanterfly:!!Management Target!adults!in!midYlate!September!prior!to!egg!laying!&!nymphs!as!they!hatch!( Removal(of(egg(masses(from(bark( Trunk(applicaQons(of(Dinotefuran((Safari,*Scorpion,(Venom)** Systemic(insetcicide(acQvity(kills(insects(as(they(feed(on(sap( SLF((Eggs( Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

8 SpoHed!Wing!Drosophila SWD!Adult!Male!!Infected!Blackberry!!Fruit!Fly!Egg! Respitory!Horns Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

9 Development(Range( 10d( (4(weeks((

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12 SpoHed!Wing!Drosophila Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

13 SpoHed!Wing!Drosophila Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

14 SpoHed!Wing!Drosophila Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

15 Crops!at!Highest!Risk Raspberries,!blackberries,!and!blueberries!! FallYbearing!and!late!maturing!varieXes!! DayYneutral!strawberry!varieXes!! Late!season!tart!and!sweet!cherries!!! ThinYskinned!grapes!(Pinot!Noir:!Dejon!Clones)! Imature(blackberry( Cracked!or!damaged!fruit!of!peach.! Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

16 Alternate!hosts!for!SWD Lonicera)sp),) Tartarian!Honeysuckle) Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

17 SWD(SEASONAL(DYNAMICS(IN(THE( NORTHEAST( 2013$Monitoring$Data$ Finger$Lakes$Region,$NY$ Agricultural" Woods" 1000" 900" SWD$per$day/trap$(n=215$farms)$ 800" 700" 600" 500" 400" 300" 200" 100" 0" 27,May" 10,Jun" 24,Jun" 8,Jul" 22,Jul" 5,Aug" 19,Aug" 2,Sep" 23,Sep" 7,Oct" 21,Oct" 4,Nov" 18,Nov" 2,Dec" 16,Dec" 30,Dec" 13,Jan" 27,Jan" Week$$ Credit:!Greg!Loeb!Lab,!NYSAES!Geneva,!!NY!!!

18 CLASSES!OF!SWD!INSECTICIDES Class! IRAC!Code! Examples! SWD!Efficacy! Organophosphates( 1B( Malathion( Excellent(to(good( Pyrethroids( 3A( Brigade,(Danitol,( Mustang(Max( Excellent( Spinosyns( 5( Delegate,(Entrust( Excellent(to(good( NeonicoQnoids( 4A( Assail( Good(to(poor( Carbamates( 1A( Sevin( Good(to(poor( Diamide( 28( Exirel*( Excellent(to(good( *Just!received!EPA!label!for!blueberries,!not!raspberries! *Just!received!EPA!label!for!blueberries,!not!raspberries! Credit:!Greg!Loeb!Lab,!NYSAES!Geneva,!!NY!!!

19 Survey!on!insecXcide!efficacy!against!SWD,!collated!by!!Rufus!Isaacs,!MSU!Y!!November,!2013!

20 Enhancing(Mortality(with(Sugar( Adult SWD/sample ± SE SWD infestation, Blueberries, 2013 (data from Rodriguez-Saona, Cowles et al, in press) a a,b c CulQvar:( Bluecrop ( ( Treatments:(4(wk(spray(program( ((((((dalternate!delegate!&!assail! ((((((ddelegate!&!assail!plus!sugar! ( Plot(size:(2(rows,(32(bushes( ( Replicates:(4( ( 2(lbs.(sugar(/(100(gal.(water( 0.0 Control Delegate+Assail Del+Assail+sugar Insecticide treatment Credit:!Greg!Loeb!Lab,!NYSAES!Geneva,!!NY!!!

21 Sucrose)Improves)Insec2cide)Ac2vity)Against)Drosophila)suzukii)(Diptera:)Drosophilidae)) )Richard*S.*Cowles*,*Cesar*RodriguezFSaona*,*Robert*HoldcraH*,*Gregory*M.*Loeb*,*Johanna*E.*Elsensohn*,*Steven*P.*Hesler*

22 Effect(of(Rain(on(Some(Common(InsecQcides( From(Rufus(Isaacs,(MSU( DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT No!Rain! 3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT Rain! Percent control Percent control *inches*of*rain*on*treated*bushes* 1*day*aHer*applica(on**

23 Effect(of(Rain(on(Some(Common(InsecQcides( African(Fig(Fly,((Zaprionus*indianus(Gupta(((( From(Rufus(Isaacs,(MSU(

24 Effect(of(Rain(on(Some(Common(InsecQcides( African(Fig(Fly:(((Crops(at(Risk( From(Rufus(Isaacs,(MSU( Damage:!Predominately!to!citrus!and!grape! ( Reports!from!Rutgers,!NJ!of!wine!grape!injury! independent!of!swd!injury.! Hudson!Valley:!!! 4!AFF!in!2012! 0!AFF!in!2013!! 3!AFF!in!2014! Not!yet!a!threat!in!NY! (

25 Managing the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål)! in New York State Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

26 BMSB(Presence(( December(2014( (

27 Brown!Marmorated!SXnk!Bug:!!!!Host!Plants!Y!Food!for!Success))

28 Brown!Marmorated!SXnk!Bug:!!!!Urban!mapping!of!adults)

29 BMSB!Management!Threshold:!Ag.!Mapping!CommunicaXon! Partnered!with!EEDMaps!to! extend!outreach! Early(DetecQon(&(DistribuQon( Mapping(of(Invasive(Insects( By!County:!! Weekly(update(( Trap(data(per(county( Presence(in(degrees(of(risk( Threshold(levels( Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

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31 SQnk(Bug(Survey:(#4( 100(acre(Orchard;(( 5(acre(block;(Pink(Lady( Fruit(damage(survey( September(10,(2012( 100( 90( 80( 70( 60( 50( 40( 30( 20( 10( 0( Row(1(West(edge( Row(2(Center(West( Row(3(Center(East( Row4(East(edge( 1( 2( 3( 4( 5( 6( 7( 8( 9( No.!adults!/!trap! 70( 60( 50( 40( 30( 20( Pheromone!Tedders!Trap!Captures!of!BMSB(Using!! MDT!&!USDA!#10!lures! Red(Delicious(&(Rome(Apple( Campbell!Hall,!NY!2012!! BMSB( EvaluaQon(of((var.( Pink(Lady ( Trees(@(3 (x(12 (spacing( ( 10(fruit(/((tree(=(100(fruit(/30 ( 9(secQons;((240 (row( 10( 0(

32 Degrees(of(sQnk(bug(feeding(injury(and(corking(beneath(the(skin.(

33 Elongate(depression(( with(two(feeding(( punctures(

34 BMSB!Management!Threshold:!!!!InsecXcide!Efficacy! hhp://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch/! BMSB(Resources( Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

35 hhp://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch/! 2014(Efficacy(Screening(Report(

36 BMSB!Adult!Exposure!to!InsecXcide!Residue!of!Apple!Foliage! 100%( 90%( 80%( 70%( 60%( 50%( 40%( 30%( 20%( 10%( 0%( Thionex(3EC( Bifenthrin(25%( Danitol( Endego(ZC( Actara( Leverage(360( Lannate(LV( Warrior(II( Baythroid(XL( Assail( Untreated(

37 BMSB!Adult!Exposure!to!InsecXcide!Residue!of!Apple!Foliage! 100%( 90%( 80%( 70%( 60%( 50%( 40%( 30%( 20%( 10%( 0%( Thionex(3EC( Bifenthrin(25%( Danitol( Endego(ZC( Actara( Leverage(360( Lannate(LV( Warrior(II( Baythroid(XL( Assail( Untreated( BMSB!Adult!Exposure!to!InsecXcide!Residue!of!Apple!Foliage! 100%( 90%( 80%( 70%( 60%( 50%( 40%( 30%( 20%( 10%( 0%( Thionex(3EC( Bifenthrin(25%( Danitol( Endego(ZC( Actara( Leverage(360( Lannate(LV( Warrior(II( Baythroid(XL( Assail( Untreated(

38 Black!Stem!Borer:!!Xylosandrus)germanus) Keyed(out(by(Dan(Gilrein( h`p:// Xylosandrus(germanus((female)((by(J(Hulcr,(University(of(Florida).(( Hulcr,(J.(2012.(h`p://xyleborini.myspecies.info/gallery((last(accessed(October(22,(2012).( Slide(Credits(to:( Deborah(Breth( (CCEdLOF( Art(Agnello( (Cornell( Kerik(Cox( (Cornell( Elizabeth(Tee( (CCEdLOF( Hannah(Rae(Warren( ( Cornell(Intern(

39 Xylosandrus)germanus)(Blandford)1894))(introduced)! Introduced!from!eastern!Asia!Y!first!found!in!NY!in! 32! Ambrosia!beetle,!a!general!wood!boring!insect!! AHacks!many!ornamental/forest!species! American!beech,!maple,!dogwood,!black!walnut,!oak,! magnolia.! BSB!observed!in!apple!and!sweet!cherry!in!1982! Cornell!research!and!extension!have!not!seen!this!pest! before!in!apple!orchards!over!the!past!30!years!in!ny.!

40 Black)Stem)Borer,)Xylosandrus)germanus)(Blandford)1894))(introduced)) )NE)Recorded)findings! h`p:// Hudson Valley Research Laboratory

41 History( Reported(by(Deb(Breth(in(WNY:( Growers!complained!of!trees!dying!or!oozing! from!holes!or!fire!blight!from!oozing! rootstocks!with!no!history!of!fb!in!the! planxng!in!2013!growing!season.!! IdenXfied!25!sites!with!trees!dying!2013Y14.!!!! 1!to!15!year!old!planXngs.!!!

42 Grower(sent(this(picture(on(May(1,( 13( Fuji/M9(Pajam(2)(in(4 th (leaf.(

43 ! Found!in!6!sites!in!2013!associated!with!fire!blight.! Which!came!first?!Fire!blight!or!borers?!

44 A!second!site!90!miles!away!in!2013.!

45 Also!found!in!apple!nurseries,! commercial!and!onyfarm.!

46 Biology( Adult!female!drills!a!hole! ~1mm!in!diameter,!and! hollows!out!a!channel!into! the!heartwood!of!small! trees!(2y50!cm!diameter)!.!! Liz(Tee(2013(

47 Biology(! The!female!starts!to! culture!a!fungal!food! source,!!ambrosiella! harxgii,!fusarium?!!! Food!for!the!larvae! and!adults!!! She!lays!her!eggs!in! the!chamber.!(xny,! ~1mm!white,! football!shaped)!!! Larvae!also!white! with!3!instars! Liz(Tee(2013(

48 Biology(! Produce!2!generaXons!per!year!! Late!summer!the!beetles!migrate!to!a!hole! lower!in!the!trunk!to!overwinter!y!as!many! as!100!in!one!chamber.!!!! The!beetles!go!into!diapause!Y!not!acXve! again!unxl!the!next!spring.!

49 Gallery!with! eggs,!larvae!and! pupae!for!first! generaxon!bsb! Liz(Tee(2013( Liz(Tee(2013(

50 Monitor!for!discoloraXon!and! blistering!of!bark.!!!

51 Monitor!for!bleeding!sites!on!!bark.!!

52 Monitor!for!dying!trees.!

53 Monitor:((Trapping(BSB( Re:((Peter!Schultz!(!! Inverted! Simply!OJ!traps!with!rectangular!openings!!!!!!!!cut!in!side!panels!! Hung!2Y3!feet!off!the!ground!! A!drop!of!low!toxicity!anXYfreeze!in!lid!! Hung!on!edge!of!woods!next!to!orchard.!! Hung!in!interior!of!orchard.!!!! Checked!traps!weekly!

54 BSB!weekly!trap!catch.! 120( 100( 80( 60( 40( 20( 0( Edge!BSB!trap!counts!! 24dApr( 24dMay( 24dJun( 24dJul( 24dAug( Bates(Rd(( Hill(( R1H( N(13( S(14( (C13( 25( 20( 15( 10( 5( 0( Interior!BSB!trap!counts!! 24dApr( 24dMay( 24dJun( 24dJul( 24dAug( Bates(Rd(( Hill(( R1H( N(13( S(14( W31( SF4( (C13(

55 Black!Stem!Borer:!!Management) Apples! Warrior(II(or(Grizzly,(lambdaYcyhalothrin,(labeled(for( tree(borer(species(( DECLARE:(gammadcyhalothrin.( Lorsban:(chlorpyrifos(trunk(sprays(for(borers(may(be( effecqve( NeonicoQnoids,(anthranilic(diamides((cyazypyr,( acelepryn),(and(tolfenpyrad,(not!found!to!be! effecxve!

56 Thank(You( Technical(staff(and(assistants( Support:(NYS(Ag(&(Mkts,(ARDP,(NEIPM,(EDDMaps,(HATCH,(Bayer,(Dow,(( ( (Nichino,(Syngenta,(Gowan( Hudson Valley Research Laboratory