Issues in the Pediatric Athlete: Weight Training Yay or Nay? Andrew Cochran, PhD, CSCS Strength & Conditioning Coach Canadian Sport Institute Ontario

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Issues in the Pediatric Athlete: Weight Training Yay or Nay? Andrew Cochran, PhD, CSCS Strength & Conditioning Coach Canadian Sport Institute Ontario"

Eugenia Harvey
5 years ago
Views:

1 Issues in the Pediatric Athlete: Weight Training Yay or Nay? Andrew Cochran, PhD, CSCS Strength & Conditioning Coach Canadian Sport Institute Ontario

2 Disclosures: Relationships with Financial Sponsors: None This presentation has not received financial support from any Organization. This presentation has not received in-kind support from any Organization. Potential Conflict(s) of Interest: Employed as a Strength & Conditioning (S&C) Coach Certified Member of National Strength & Conditioning Association (NSCA)

3 Presentation Overview: Who Am I? Definitions Is Resistance Training (RT) safe for paediatric athletes? Common Myths re: growth/maturation, injury Benefits of RT in paediatric athlete population Summary Guidelines re: Paediatric Training

4 Who Am I? Ph.D. in Exercise Physiology (McMaster) Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) 2 Years Exercise Physiologist Canadian Sport Institute Ontario (CSIO) & Rowing Canada Aviron 4 Years S&C (CSIO) Diving & Beach Volleyball (ages 13 30)

5 Definitions Childhood generally up to years Adolescence Girls 12-18, Boys years Paediatric & Youth - <18 years Resistance Training (RT) a progressive use of resistive loads to enhance health, fitness, & sports performance Body weight, weight machines, free weights (i.e. barbells & dumbells), Elastic Bands, or Medicine Balls (Lloyd et al., 2014; Faigenbaum et al., 2009)

1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

6 Is RT safe for Pediatric Athletes? 250 Publications: "Youth Weight Training" (Adapted from Pubmed)

Medicine (AMSSM); British Association of Sports Rehabilitators and Trainers (BASRaT);

(FSEM); North American Society for Pediatric Exercise Medicine (NASPEM); National Athletic

7 Is RT safe for Pediatric Athletes? YES.* (Endorsed by: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP); American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM); British Association of Sports Rehabilitators and Trainers (BASRaT); International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS); Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine UK (FSEM); North American Society for Pediatric Exercise Medicine (NASPEM); National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA); CMO of the NCAA; NSCA) (AAP., 2001, 2008; Stratton et al., 2004; ASCA, 2007, 2017; Behm et al., 2008; Faigenbaum et al., 2009; Lloyd et al., 2014;)

Accredited Strength & Conditioning Coach via UKSCA) Note:

physiology Programs suited to needs, goals and

8 Is RT safe for Paediatric Athletes? *Supervised by Qualified Professional Certified (CSCS; Accredited Strength & Conditioning Coach via UKSCA) Note: S&C Coach Personal Trainer Knowledge of paediatric physiology Programs suited to needs, goals and competencies of the athletes Movement mechanics and technique Logical and methodical training progressions

9 Will RT stunt my growth? No. No evidence for negative effects on growth/height. No reports of damage to growth cartilage in any prospective study under professional guidance & instruction. Likely positive for bone formation & growth Greater risk from sport E.g. Jumping & Landing (5-7x BW) (Malina, 2006; Faigenbaum & Myer, 2010)

(Caine et al., 2008; Faigenbaum & Myer, 2010; Myer et al.

, 2017); Youth Injury Rates /1000h Boys: 1) (Ice) hockey: 5-34.

6 2) Basketball: 3.6-4.1 3) Gymnastics: 0.5-4.

1) Recreational: 7.7 (CI: 6.9-8.7) RT (All ages): 1.0-4.

10 (Caine et al., 2008; Faigenbaum & Myer, 2010; Myer et al., 2009; Keogh & Winwood, 2015, Vedibaek et al., 2015; Aasa et al., 2017); Youth Injury Rates /1000h Boys: 1) (Ice) hockey: ) Rugby: ) Soccer: Girls: 1) Soccer: ) Basketball: ) Gymnastics: Running (All ages): Novice: 17.8 (CI: ) Recreational: 7.7 (CI: ) RT (All ages): /1000 h Youth RT: very low or nil 77% of injuries accidental XC Running: /1000 AE s XC Running: /1000 AE s

11 Weight Training [for the paediatric athlete] Yay or Nay? YAY! RT should be considered an integral, and yearround component to the PREPARATION for participation in sport. 1) Performance 2) *Injury Prevention* Sport S&C

12 1) Performance Benefits of RT in youth RT Strength, Power, Running Velocity, Change of Direction & General Motor Performance RT Technical ability & acquisition If not strong/powerful enough = incapable of performing proper technique (Behringer et al., 2010, 2011; Lloyd et al., 2014)

2) Injury reduction effects of RT in youth Injuries may around

neuromuscular (N-M) coordination & strength Bambi Syndrome *

patterns & predisposing factors for injury (e.g. valgus) (Hewett et al.

13 2) Injury reduction effects of RT in youth Injuries may around peak height velocity (PHV) Imbalance b/w skeletal growth & neuromuscular (N-M) coordination & strength Bambi Syndrome * *Not a real syndrome Abnormal joint mechanics, faulty movement patterns & predisposing factors for injury (e.g. valgus) (Hewett et al., 1996, 1999; Myer et al., 2005, 2013; DiFiori et al., 2014)

14 2) Injury reduction effects of RT in youth RT N-M coordination & better matches abilities to demands during PHV Neuromuscular Training (incl. plyometrics & RT) = knee valgus & injury risk in female adolescents Greater effects in younger women (14-18 vs. >18) Suggested training begin before the onset of N-M deficits. Demands Capacities (Hewett et al., 1996, 1999; Myer et al., 2005, 2013)

15 2) Injury reduction effects of RT in youth Improvements Acute/Catastrophic Chronic/Overuse RT Tissue resiliency & fatigue resistance May injury risk by up to 68% May overuse injury by as much as 50% (Adapted from McGill, 1997; Valovich-McLeod et al., 2011; Lauersen et al., 2014; Zwolski et al., 2017)

16 (Adapted from McGill, 1997) 2) Injury reduction effects of RT in youth PROBLEM: Elite performance require elite capacities Requirements GAP is Widening! Acute/Catastrophic Chronic/Overuse Prophylactic RT is needed more than ever!

17 Summary & Take-Home Points: Under the guidance of a Qualified Professional: RT is a CRITICAL component to the physical preparation of youth for sport It is safe for Paediatric Athletes It has no negative effects on Growth or Maturation Induces many of the same performance benefits as in adults Can markedly reduce the risk of both acute and overuse injuries

18 Youth RT: Requirements 1) Emotional maturity of trainees 2) Supervision by Qualified Professional High Coach:Athlete Ratio 3) Safe training space & equipment 4) Proper technique & movement mechanics 5) Logical & methodical training progression based on: Biological age Training age & Existing Strength Levels Motor skill competency Technical proficiency (Faigenbaum & Myer, 2010)

19 Youth RT: Guidelines RT should be a continual & year-round program (Lloyd et al., 2012)

20 Thank you!!

21 References American Academy of Pediatrics. Strength training by children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2008; 121: Baker, D., Mitchell, J., Boyle, D. et al. Resistance training for adolescents and youth: a position stand by the Australian Strength and Conditioning Association (ASCA) Behm, D.G., Faigenbaum, A.D., Falk, B., and Klentrou, P. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology position paper: resistance training in children and adolescents. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33: Behringer, M., vom Heede, A., Matthews, M. et al. Effects of strength training on motor performance skills in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Pediatric Exercise Science 2011; 23: Behringer, M., vom Heede, A., Yue, Z et al. Effects of resistance training in children & adolescence: a metaanalysis. Pediatrics 2010; 126: Faigenbaum, A.D., Kraemer, W.J., Blimkie, C.J., et al. Youth resistance training: updated position statement paper from the National Strength & Conditioning Association. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: S Hewett, T.E, Stroupe, A.L., Nance, T.A. et al. Plyometric training in female athletes: decreased impact forces and increased hamstring torque. Am J Sports Med 1996; 24: Hewett, T.E., Riccobene, R.V., Lindenfeld, L.V. et al. The effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes: A prospective study. Am J Sports Med 1999; 27:

22 References (cont d) McGill, S. The biomechanics of low back injury: implications on current practice in industry and the clinic. J Biomech 1997; 30: Myer, G.D., Ford, K.R., Palumbo, J.P. et al. Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower extremity biomechanics in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2005; 19: Myer, G.D., Quatman, C.E. Khoury, J. et al. Youth vs. adult weightlifting injuries presenting to United States emergency rooms: accidental vs. non-accidental injury mechanisms. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: Lauersen, J.B., Bertelsen, D.M., Andersen, L.B. The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48: Lloyd, R.S. Faigenbaum, A.D., Myer, G.D. et al. UKSCA position statement: youth resistance training. Prof Strength Cond J 2012; 26: Lloyd, R.S., et al. Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 International Consensus. Br J Sports Med 2013; 0: Stratton, G., Jones, M., Fox, K.R. et al. BASES position statement on guidelines for resistance exercise in young people. J Sports Sci 2004; 22: 4, Zwolski, C., Quatman-Yates, C., & Paterno, M. V. (2017). Resistance Training in Youth: Laying the Foundation for Injury Prevention and Physical Literacy. Sports Health, 9(5),

IS MY SON OR DAUGHTER READY FOR A STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAM LIKE TD1? Dr. Chad, PhD

IS MY SON OR DAUGHTER READY FOR A STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAM LIKE TD1? Dr. Chad, PhD The safety of resistance training and comprehensive strength and conditioning programs for adolescent athletes