For additional information about reportable animal disease in Maine visit:

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1 STATE: Maine Compiled by: Aubrey Tauer Date compiled: 1 July 2011 Updated: 1 June 2013 For additional information about reportable animal disease in Maine visit: DISEASE Agent Common name Etiologic agent Primary species affected Transmission Zoonotic FAD USDA/APHIS Quarantine Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Atrophic rhinitis Aujeszky's disease Pseudorabies Bordetella bronchiseptica Aujeszky's disease virus, genus Varicellovirus, family Herpesviridae All mammals and some avians susceptible Suids; dog, cats and other mammals may harbor the bacteria but the strain that causes atrophic rhinitis is usually only isolated from domestic pigs Primarily suids; most mammals susceptible (bovids, canids, caprids, felids, ovids) Ingestion; inhalation; direct contact; entry via skin wounds Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Aerosol, direct contact Direct contact; inhalation; ingestion; fomites; vertical possible Avian chlamydiosis Psittacosis, Ornithosis, Parrot fever Chlamydophila psittaci Avian Contact with infectious material; inhalation; ingestion; insect vectors may play a role; vertical possible Avian infectious laryngotracheitis Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Gallid Herpesvirus I (GHV-1), subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae Avian Inhalation, direct contact, feces, fomites, no vertical Avian influenza -high pathogenicity (HP) Fowl plague Avian influenza virus, genus Influenzavirus A, H5 and H7 subtypes, family Orthomyxoviridae Avian; infrequent infections documented in canids, felids, equids, suids, marine mammals; reported in both domestic and exotic species (also civets, stone martens, mink, ferrets, stone martens) Contact with infectious secretions, feces; inhalation; ingestion (infected birds, contaminated water, etc); fomites Y Y Y Y

2 Avian influenza - low pathogenicity (LP) Fowl plague Avian poxvirus Fowl pox Bluetongue Bovine anaplasmosis Gall sickness Bovine herpesvirus Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Brucellosis Caprine arthritis encephalitis Caseous Lymphadenitis Contagious ecthyma Prion Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis BSE, mad cow disease, vaca loca Undulant fever, Enzootic abortion, contagious abortion, ovine epididymitis CAE Orf, contagious pustular dermatitis, sore mouth Avian influenza virus, genus Influenzavirus A, non-h5 and H7 subtypes, family Orthomyxoviridae genus Avipoxvirus, family Poxviridae Bluetongue virus, genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae; Serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17 reported in the US primarily Anaplasma marginale and A. centrale in cattle, A. ovis may infect deer, sheep, and goats Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) abnormal cellular protein PrP^(res) Brucella abortus, B. canis, B. ovis, B. suis, B. melitensis, etc. CAE virus, genus Lentivirus, family Retroviridae Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Orf virus, genus Parapoxvirus, family Poxviridae Most avian species Most avian species have poxvirus that are species specific Ruminants Ruminants Ruminants Bovids; felids; primates; experimentally in sheep, goats, mice, pigs, mink Bovids; camelids; canids; caprids; cervids; ovids; suids; marine mammals; species preference often demonstrated Goats Sheep, goats, cattle, camelids, water buffalo, wild ruminants, primates, pigs, and fowl Sheep, goats, occasional humans and canids Contact with infectious secretions, feces; inhalation; ingestion (contaminated water, etc.) Aerosol, insect vectors, direct contact with lesions Culicoides vectors, non-contagious Insect vector (many species of ticks), fomites (contaminated needles, dehorning equipment etc.) Direct contact, sexual N N Y N N N Y N Y Y Y N Ingestion Y Y Y N infectious fluids; ingestion; fomites; sexual and aerosol possible Primary route is ingestion of colostrom, fecal oral, direct contact Contaminated wounds Direct contact, environmental contamination, carcass ingestion (canids)

3 Duck viral enteritis DVE Eastern equine encephalitis Equine infectious anemia Equine herpes virus EIAV Equine viral rhinopneumonitis, equine abortion virus Duck herpesvirus 1 (DHV-1), genus Varicellovirus, family Herpesviridae EEE virus, genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae; North American and South American variants EIA virus, genus Lentivirus, family Retroviridae Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and EHV-4; genus Varicellosvirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae Wild and domestic waterfowl Equids, humans, birds, possibly rodents and opossums Equids Equids; closely-related EHV- 9 has infected polar bears, zebras, gazelles, giraffes, and primates in zoos Direct and indirect contact Insect vector (mosquitoes); ingestion (infectious tissue), pecking/bite wounds Blood feeding insect vectors, iatrogenic Transmission occurs by direct or indirect contact with nasal secretions, placentas, or aborted fetuses N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Foot and mouth disease FMD Foot and mouth disease virus, genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae All cloven hoofed animals are susceptible infected animals; fomites; ingestion (contaminated milk, meat); inhalation; virus found in all bodily secretions, excretions, exhaled air N - (though there are rare reports of infections of little consequence) Y Y Y Fowl plague Fowl cholera, shipping fever (cattle), hemorrhagic septicemia (cattle and sheep), Pasteurella pneumonia (cattle and sheep), snuffles (rabbit) Pasteurella multocida Domestic and wild birds, other nonavian species may act as reservoirs Rodents, feces, aerosol, bites, ingestion Infectious coryza Haemophilus paragallinarum (gallinarum) Poultry, wild waterfowl Direct contact, airborne droplets, and contamination of drinking water

4 Leptospirosis Listeriosis Lyme disease Weil's Disease, Swineherder's Disease, Rice Field Fever, Cane Cutter Fever, Swamp Fever, Mud Fever, Stuttgart Disease, Canicola Leucocytosis, Listerial Infection, Listerellosis Listeriasis, Circling Disease Lyme Disease, Lyme Arthritis, ECM, Erythema Chronicum Migrans, Tickborne Meningopolyneurit is, Southern Tick Associated Rash, STAR Leptospira interrogans (180 Serovars in 18 Serogroups) Listeria monocytogenes Borrelia burgdorferi Rats, cattle, dogs, horses, swine, deer, squirrels, foxes skunks, raccoons, opossums, sea lions, reptiles, frogs, field mice, voles, shrews and hedgehogs, humans Most mammals Deer, canids, cattle, horse and humans Shed in urine, direct contact with infected animals, contact with contaminated soil, ingestion of contaminated water or swimming in contaminated water Feces, vaginal secretions and milk Y N N N Insect vector (ticks) Y N N N Malignant catarrhal fever MCF several related ruminant gammaherpesviruses, genus Rhadinovirus, family Herpesviridae ; AlHV-1 (wildebeest associated, WA-MCF), OvHV2 (sheep associated), CpHV-2 (goat associated), MCFV-WTD (white tailed deer associated) Mycobacteriosis Tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp. Mycoplasma gallisepticum PPLO infection, Chronic respiratory disease, Infectious sinusitis Mycoplasma gallisepticum Various ungulates; clinically susceptible, poorly adapted hosts are dead end (cervids, bovids, giraffids); well-adapted/shedding species (wildebeest, sheep and goats) Most mammals are susceptible; also avian, fish, reptiles, amphibians Poultry, pheasants, chukar partridges, peafowl, pigeons, quail, ducks, geese, house finches, and psittacine birds Vertical (WA-MCF); direct contact with infectious secretions; inhalation; mechanical vectors, contaminated water and contaminated feed may play a role infectious secretions; ingestion; inhalation; entry via skin wound Direct contact, vertical, fomites N Y (WA- MCF) Y Y

5 Newcastle Disease Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Exotic Newcastle disease, avian pneumoencephalit is OPP Paratuberculosis Johne's disease Piroplasmosis Protozoa Babesiosis Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Potomac horse fever PRRS Shasta River Crud and Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis Newcastle disease virus, genus Avulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae OPP virus, genus Lentivirus, family Retroviridae Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Primarily Babesia bigemina and B bovis in ruminants, other Babesia spp. PRRS virus, genus Arterivirus, family Arteriviridae Neorickettsia risticii, formerly known as Ehrlichia risticii Pullorum Fowl typhoid Salmonella P ullorum Q Fever Rabies Salmonella Pneumorickettsiosis, Balkan Influenza, Coxiellosis, Abattoir Fever, Australian Hiberno-vernal Bronchopneumonia, Nine Mile Fever Coxiella burnetii Rabies virus, genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae Salmonella spp., including S. Enteritidis, S. Gallinarum in poultry Avian Sheep Captive and wild ruminants, wild rabbits, foxes, weasels, as well as nonhuman primates Ruminants, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, humans, and many other mammals Suids, possibly immature mallard ducks infectious secretions, excretions; ingestion; inhalation; fomites Aerosol, colostrum, ingestion/fecal-oral Y - (transient conjunctivitis) Y Y Y Fecal-oral Insect vector (ticks) Y N Y - (cattle) Y Direct and indirect contact, aerosol, fecaloral, insect vectors Equids, felids, canids, Insect vectors (flies) N N N N Birds, mostly poultry. S. pullorum may be transmitted to humans and other mammals but is not pathogenic Most mammals, birds, amphibians All mammals susceptible but some species display relative resistance Most taxa susceptible to one or more types of Salmonella including birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians Fecal-oral, fomites, environmental contamination, direct contact, vertical Primary insect vector (ticks), other insect and arthropod vectors. Direct contact, aerosol, dust from soil infectious saliva primarily via bites; inhalation Direct contact, fecaloral

6 Scrapie Prion abnormal cellular protein PrPSc, Nor98 Sheep, goats infectious fluid, tissues; fomites Transmissible gastroenteritis TGE TGE virus, a coronavirus Suids Direct and indirect contact, fecal-oral Trichinosis Parasite Trichiniasis, Trichinellosis, Trichinelliasis Trichinella spiralis Most mammals Ingestion of L1 larvae Y N Y N Also reportable: 1) Toxic substances that may threaten human, environmental, or human safety 2) Any unexpected increase in dead or dying animals 3) All exotic or eradicated diseases