Pathway from the eye to the cortex
|
|
- Winifred Newman
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Vision: CNS 2017
2 Pathway from the eye to the cortex
3 Themes of this lecture Visual information is analyzed in more complicated ways than in the retina. One major pathway from the eye leads to the striate cortex and from there to many other visual centers. Cortical lesions can lead to difficulty in determining what an object is or where it is.
4 Optic Nerve one of the major targets of Multiple Sclerosis The optic nerve is an outgrowth of the diencephalon and is surrounded by meninges. Optic axons become myelinated by oligodendrocytes after they leave the retina.
5 Optic Nerve one of the major targets of Multiple Sclerosis The myelin of the optic nerve is one of the commonest locations of damage in multiple sclerosis.
6 Optic nerve and tract
7 Optic nerve and tract Inversion of the visual field; the left half of each eye sees the right half of the visual field. The right half of the visual field is seen by the left half of the brain. fixation point
8 Optic nerve and tract Nasal vs temporal hemiretina The fovea is the dividing point. Axons leave the eye at the optic disc (optic papilla). Half of the optic axons cross to the opposite side of the brain at the chiasm. temporal nasal optic nerve chiasm optic tract
9 Optic nerve and tract At the chiasm, axons sort out: Axons that look at the left half of the visual field project to the right half of the brain. Nasal axons from the left eye cross at the chiasm, and temporal axons from the right stay on the same side. temporal nasal optic nerve chiasm optic tract
10 The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) About 90% of optic axons project to the lateral geniculate nucleus. Optic axons go to about 40 other nuclei, too. The receptive field properties of cells in the geniculate are almost the same as the properties of retinal ganglion cells.
11 Lateral geniculate nucleus 12 Layers What s different about these layers? Different kinds of ganglion cells project to different layers. For example, noncolor, transient cells project to different layers than red-green color-selective cells. Parvo cellular Konio cellular Magno cellular
12 Lateral geniculate nucleus activity Imaging studies indicate that the lateral geniculate plays a role in selective attention. The activation comes from the cortex as well as the brainstem and thalamic reticular formation During sleep and periods of inattentiveness, transmission from the eye through the lateral geniculate is reduced, and cells fire spontaneous bursts.
13 Fibers from cells in the LGN enter the optic radiations, sweep around the lateral side of the lateral ventricle and pass to the occipital lobe. The visual fibers are also called the geniculocalcarine tract. The optic radiations
14 Primary Visual Cortex (Area 17, Striate cortex, V1) Located in the pole of the occipital lobe above and below the calcarine sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere. The projections form a retinotopic map. calcarine sulcus
15 Retinotopic map: the largest area is devoted to the fovea Visual field!
16 Cortical circuitry Axons from lateral geniculate terminate in layer 4. pia white matter
17 Cortical circuitry Axons from lateral geniculate terminate in layer 4. Information is then passed to upper layers and deeper layers. pia white matter
18 Receptive fields in striate cortex Most cells in layer 4 have circular receptive fields with center-surround organization. The vast majority of cells in other layers respond best to straight bars or edges. Some respond best to dark bars or lines. Some respond best to light bars or lines.
19 Typical cell outside of layer 4 stimulus response orientation selectivity
20 Direction-selectivity stimulus response Different columns have cells that respond to different orientations.
21 Orientation columns Cortex is organized into columns ( microns in diameter). In striate cortex, the orientation column is the basic unit. In each column, all of the cells outside of layer 4 will respond best to the same orientation. Some will be direction selective, others not. Other columns have cells that respond to other orientations.
22 Output of striate cortex: more than 40 other regions (directly or indirectly)!- "where" (parietal) "What" (temporal)
23 The where stream Cells in some of these regions respond almost exclusively to moving objects. Some respond to circular or spiraling movement. Some respond to visual flow. Some respond best to approaching or receding objects.
24 Lesions of the where stream loss of speed and motion perception loss of ability to use visual information to grasp objects visual neglect in peripersonal space Neglect syndromes tend to be transient after trauma but may be permanent in conditions such as Alzheimer s disease or major brain lesions.
25 Case study You are a neurologist with an 87-year female patient with a history of small strokes (transient ischemic attacks). You and the previous 3 neurologists who have seen this patient have examined the MRIs of her brain and found lesions in the right occipitoparietal region. Why is it extremely dangerous that all four of you have only told her that she has spots on the brain?
26 The what stream (temporal cortex) Some areas have many cells that are colorselective. Lesions lead to achromatopsia, the inability to perceive colors. Some areas have cells that respond to complex shapes. Objects such as houses, tools Body parts, such as hands, feet, legs
27 The what stream (temporal cortex) Some areas (e.g., fusiform face area) are particularly important for aspects of face perception. Expression Identity Direction of gaze
28 Face blindness Prosopagnosia Occipital (early visual stages) lesions: people can t make any sense of faces or even distinguish whether pictures of 2 people are the same or different. Anterior temporal lesions: people understand the characteristics of the faces, but can t identify who they belong to. Generally, right-side lesions lead to these problems (in right-handed people).
29
Required Slide. Session Objectives
Vision: CNS 2018 Required Slide Session Objectives Visual system: CNS At the end of this session, students will be able to: 1. Understand how axons from the eyes travel through the optic nerves and tracts
More informationVision II. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Vision II Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Ganglion Cells The axons of the retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve and carry visual information into the brain. 2 Optic
More informationLISC-322 Neuroscience. Visual Field Representation. Visual Field Representation. Visual Field Representation. Visual Field Representation
LISC-3 Neuroscience THE VISUAL SYSTEM Central Visual Pathways Each eye sees a part of the visual space that defines its visual field. The s of both eyes overlap extensively to create a binocular. eye both
More informationThe Eye. Cognitive Neuroscience of Language. Today s goals. 5 From eye to brain. Today s reading
Cognitive Neuroscience of Language 5 From eye to brain Today s goals Look at the pathways that conduct the visual information from the eye to the visual cortex Marielle Lange http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mlange/teaching/cnl/
More informationC:\Documents and Settings\sstensaas\Desktop\dental visual 2010\VisualPath dental 2010.docVisualPath dental 2010.doc
Neuroanatomy Suzanne Stensaas April 8, 2010, 10:00-12:00 p.m. Reading: Waxman Ch. 15, Computer Resources: HyperBrain Ch 7 THE VISUAL PATHWAY Objectives: 1. Describe the pathway of visual information from
More informationLight passes through the lens, through the inner layer of ganglion cells and bipolar cells to reach the rods and cones. The retina
The visual system Light passes through the lens, through the inner layer of ganglion cells and bipolar cells to reach the rods and cones. The retina 0.5 mm thick The retina 0.5 mm thick The photosensors
More informationLISC-322 Neuroscience Cortical Organization
LISC-322 Neuroscience Cortical Organization THE VISUAL SYSTEM Higher Visual Processing Martin Paré Assistant Professor Physiology & Psychology Most of the cortex that covers the cerebral hemispheres is
More information1. The responses of on-center and off-center retinal ganglion cells
1. The responses of on-center and off-center retinal ganglion cells 2. Responses of an on-center ganglion cell to different light conditions 3. Responses of an on-center ganglion cells to different light
More informationVisual Physiology. Perception and Attention. Graham Hole. Problems confronting the visual system: Solutions: The primary visual pathways: The eye:
Problems confronting the visual system: Visual Physiology image contains a huge amount of information which must be processed quickly. image is dim, blurry and distorted. Light levels vary enormously.
More informationParallel streams of visual processing
Parallel streams of visual processing RETINAL GANGLION CELL AXONS: OPTIC TRACT Optic nerve Optic tract Optic chiasm Lateral geniculate nucleus Hypothalamus: regulation of circadian rhythms Pretectum: reflex
More informationReading Assignments: Lecture 5: Introduction to Vision. None. Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence Lecture 5:. Reading Assignments: None 1 Projection 2 Projection 3 Convention: Visual Angle Rather than reporting two numbers (size of object and distance to observer),
More informationNeuroanatomy, Text and Atlas (J. H. Martin), 3 rd Edition Chapter 7, The Visual System, pp ,
Normal CNS, Special Senses, Head and Neck TOPIC: FACULTY: LECTURE: READING: RETINA and CENTRAL VISUAL PATHWAYS P. Hitchcock, Ph.D. Department Cell and Developmental Biology Kellogg Eye Center Friday, 20
More informationImage Formation and Phototransduction. By Dr. Abdelaziz Hussein Lecturer of Physiology
Image Formation and Phototransduction By Dr. Abdelaziz Hussein Lecturer of Physiology Vision Vision is a complex process through which an image of the external environment is formed on the photosensitive
More informationLighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy. (the part that s visible to us!)
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Vision ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ /~ksweeney/psy260.html Lighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy (the part that s visible to us!)
More informationTHE VISUAL PATHWAY FOR DENTAL STUDENTS
Neuroanatomy Suzanne S. Stensaas, Ph.D. February 16, 2012 Objectives: THE VISUAL PATHWAY FOR DENTAL STUDENTS A. Draw the expected visual fields seen in classic lesions of the nerve, chiasm, thalamus, optic
More informationLateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) What happens beyond the retina? What happens in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)- 90% flow Visual cortex Information Flow Superior colliculus 10% flow Slide 2 Information
More informationCarlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display,
More informationCOGS 101A: Sensation and Perception
COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception 1 Virginia R. de Sa Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Lecture 5: LGN and V1: Magno and Parvo streams Chapter 3 Course Information 2 Class web page: http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/
More informationCh 5. Perception and Encoding
Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by Y.-J. Park, M.-H. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang
More informationPhotoreceptors Rods. Cones
Photoreceptors Rods Cones 120 000 000 Dim light Prefer wavelength of 505 nm Monochromatic Mainly in periphery of the eye 6 000 000 More light Different spectral sensitivities!long-wave receptors (558 nm)
More informationCh 5. Perception and Encoding
Ch 5. Perception and Encoding Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by Y.-J. Park, M.-H. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang
More informationCSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling. Lect21-22: Vision Central Pathways
CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect02: BOSS Discrete Event Simulator Lect21-22: Vision Central Pathways Chapter 12 of Purves et al., 4e Larry Wittie Computer Science, StonyBrook
More informationCS294-6 (Fall 2004) Recognizing People, Objects and Actions Lecture: January 27, 2004 Human Visual System
CS294-6 (Fall 2004) Recognizing People, Objects and Actions Lecture: January 27, 2004 Human Visual System Lecturer: Jitendra Malik Scribe: Ryan White (Slide: layout of the brain) Facts about the brain:
More informationBiological Bases of Behavior. 6: Vision
Biological Bases of Behavior 6: Vision Sensory Systems The brain detects events in the external environment and directs the contractions of the muscles Afferent neurons carry sensory messages to brain
More information2/3/17. Visual System I. I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex
1 Visual System I I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex 2 1 2/3/17 Window of the Soul 3 Information Flow: From Photoreceptors
More informationTHE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus
THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus Perceived color of light is determined by 3 characteristics (properties of electromagnetic energy): 1. Hue: the spectrum (wavelength) of light (color)
More informationVisual System. By: Jordan Koehling
Visual System By: Jordan Koehling What is the Visual System Photoreceptors are the type of sensory neuron involved in sight. It is part of the CNS and allows us to see our surroundings using visual light
More informationSenses are transducers. Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What?
1 Vision 2 TRANSDUCTION Senses are transducers Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What? Action potentials! Sensory codes Frequency code encodes information about intensity
More informationNeuroscience - Problem Drill 13: The Eye and Visual Processing
Neuroscience - Problem Drill 13: The Eye and Visual Processing Question No. 1 of 10 needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 1. Which of the following statements
More informationTHE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus
THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus Perceived color of light is determined by 3 characteristics (properties of electromagnetic energy): 1. : the spectrum (wavelength) of light (color) 2.
More informationFundamentals of Cognitive Psychology, 3e by Ronald T. Kellogg Chapter 2. Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice 1. Which structure is not part of the visual pathway in the brain? a. occipital lobe b. optic chiasm c. lateral geniculate nucleus *d. frontal lobe Answer location: Visual Pathways 2. Which
More informationPHY3111 Mid-Semester Test Study. Lecture 2: The hierarchical organisation of vision
PHY3111 Mid-Semester Test Study Lecture 2: The hierarchical organisation of vision 1. Explain what a hierarchically organised neural system is, in terms of physiological response properties of its neurones.
More informationANAT2010. Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018
ANAT2010 Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018 Table of Contents Lecture 13: Pain and perception... 3 Lecture 14: Sensory systems and visual pathways... 11 Lecture 15: Techniques in Neuroanatomy I in vivo
More informationThe Visual System. Anatomical Overview Dr. Casagrande January 21, 2004
The Visual System Anatomical Overview Dr. Casagrande January 21, 2004 Phone: 343-4538 Email: vivien.casagrande@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu Office: T2302 MCN How the Brain Works Useful Additional Reading: Adler,
More informationV1 (Chap 3, part II) Lecture 8. Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Princeton University, Fall 2017
V1 (Chap 3, part II) Lecture 8 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Princeton University, Fall 2017 Topography: mapping of objects in space onto the visual cortex contralateral representation
More information25/09/2012. Capgras Syndrome. Chapter 2. Capgras Syndrome - 2. The Neural Basis of Cognition
Chapter 2 The Neural Basis of Cognition Capgras Syndrome Alzheimer s patients & others delusion that significant others are robots or impersonators - paranoia Two brain systems for facial recognition -
More informationVision. The Eye External View. The Eye in Cross-Section
Vision The Eye External View cornea pupil iris The Eye in Cross-Section Light enters via cornea, Is focused by cornea and lens, Forming image on retina, Which contains photoreceptors. 1 The Retina Photoreceptors
More informationPlasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development
Plasticity of Cerebral Cortex in Development Jessica R. Newton and Mriganka Sur Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences Picower Center for Learning & Memory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge,
More informationClinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. Lecture 3: Disorders of Perception
Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Lecture 3: Disorders of Perception Sensation vs Perception Senses capture physical energy from environment that are converted into neural signals and elaborated/interpreted
More informationIntroduction to Physiological Psychology
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Vision ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html This class n Sensation vs. Perception n How light is translated into what we see n Structure
More informationThe Visual System. Cortical Architecture Casagrande February 23, 2004
The Visual System Cortical Architecture Casagrande February 23, 2004 Phone: 343-4538 Email: vivien.casagrande@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu Office: T2302 MCN Required Reading Adler s Physiology of the Eye Chapters
More informationSensation and Perception. A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations
I. Overview Sensation and Perception A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations C. Top-Down vs Bottom-up Processing D. Psychophysics -- thresholds 1.
More informationPathologies of postchiasmatic visual pathways and visual cortex
Pathologies of postchiasmatic visual pathways and visual cortex Optic radiation: anatomy Pathologies of the postchiamsatic visual pathways and visual cortex Characterized by homonymous hemianopsia. This
More informationEarly Stages of Vision Might Explain Data to Information Transformation
Early Stages of Vision Might Explain Data to Information Transformation Baran Çürüklü Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mälardalen University Västerås S-721 23, Sweden Abstract. In this paper
More informationProf. Greg Francis 7/31/15
s PSY 200 Greg Francis Lecture 06 How do you recognize your grandmother? Action potential With enough excitatory input, a cell produces an action potential that sends a signal down its axon to other cells
More informationCNS-2: Physiology: Vision
CNS-2: Physiology: Vision The eyes are the windows to the soul This is the 3rd lecture in CNS-2 Physiology. In this lecture we will talk about one of our special senses, and that is the Vision. Hopefully
More informationM Cells. Why parallel pathways? P Cells. Where from the retina? Cortical visual processing. Announcements. Main visual pathway from retina to V1
Announcements exam 1 this Thursday! review session: Wednesday, 5:00-6:30pm, Meliora 203 Bryce s office hours: Wednesday, 3:30-5:30pm, Gleason https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdw7pvgz0um M Cells M cells
More information9.14 Classes #21-23: Visual systems
9.14 Classes #21-23: Visual systems Questions based on Schneider chapter 20 and classes: 1) What was in all likelihood the first functional role of the visual sense? Describe the nature of the most primitive
More informationHomework Week 2. PreLab 2 HW #2 Synapses (Page 1 in the HW Section)
Homework Week 2 Due in Lab PreLab 2 HW #2 Synapses (Page 1 in the HW Section) Reminders No class next Monday Quiz 1 is @ 5:30pm on Tuesday, 1/22/13 Study guide posted under Study Aids section of website
More informationBINOCULAR VISUAL FIELD. fixation point. fovea
BINOCULAR VISUAL FIELD fixation point fovea left hemisphere right hemisphere VISUAL HEMIFIELD monocular crescent temporal hemi-retina nasal hemi-retina left hemisphere right hemisphere VISUAL PATHWAYS
More informationSensorimotor Functioning. Sensory and Motor Systems. Functional Anatomy of Brain- Behavioral Relationships
Sensorimotor Functioning Sensory and Motor Systems Understanding brain-behavior relationships requires knowledge of sensory and motor systems. Sensory System = Input Neural Processing Motor System = Output
More informationMind. Synopsis: Synopsis: Friday: Overview Perception Retina Central projections LGN (Visual Cortex)
We emphasize these points from Kandel in Bi/CNS 150 Bi/CNS/NB 150: Neuroscience Read Lecture Vision I October 28, 2015 Ralph Adolphs Chapter 26 & 27 Vision I (Adolphs) Overview of the visual system Anatomy:
More informationCortical Visual Symptoms
대한안신경의학회지 : 제 6 권 Supplement 2 ISSN: 2234-0971 Jeong-Yoon Choi Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea Jeong-Yoon Choi. MD. PhD. Department of Neurology, Seoul
More informationGanglion cell analysis by optical coherence tomography (OCT) Jonathan A. Micieli, MD Valérie Biousse, MD
Ganglion cell analysis by optical coherence tomography (OCT) Jonathan A. Micieli, MD Valérie Biousse, MD Figure 1. Normal OCT of the macula (cross section through the line indicated on the fundus photo)
More informationRetinotopy & Phase Mapping
Retinotopy & Phase Mapping Fani Deligianni B. A. Wandell, et al. Visual Field Maps in Human Cortex, Neuron, 56(2):366-383, 2007 Retinotopy Visual Cortex organised in visual field maps: Nearby neurons have
More informationCEREBRUM. Dr. Jamila EL Medany
CEREBRUM Dr. Jamila EL Medany Objectives At the end of the lecture, the student should be able to: List the parts of the cerebral hemisphere (cortex, medulla, basal nuclei, lateral ventricle). Describe
More informationOutline of the next three lectures
Outline of the next three lectures Lecture 35 Anatomy of the human cerebral cortex gross and microscopic cell types connections Vascular supply of the cerebral cortex Disorders involving the cerebral cortex
More informationSensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction
Sensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction Sarah L. Chollar University of California, Riverside sarah.chollar@gmail.com Sensory Systems How the brain allows us to see, hear,
More informationMotor Functions of Cerebral Cortex
Motor Functions of Cerebral Cortex I: To list the functions of different cortical laminae II: To describe the four motor areas of the cerebral cortex. III: To discuss the functions and dysfunctions of
More informationP. Hitchcock, Ph.D. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Kellogg Eye Center. Wednesday, 16 March 2009, 1:00p.m. 2:00p.m.
Normal CNS, Special Senses, Head and Neck TOPIC: CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES FACULTY: LECTURE: READING: P. Hitchcock, Ph.D. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Kellogg Eye Center Wednesday, 16 March
More informationThe Integration of Features in Visual Awareness : The Binding Problem. By Andrew Laguna, S.J.
The Integration of Features in Visual Awareness : The Binding Problem By Andrew Laguna, S.J. Outline I. Introduction II. The Visual System III. What is the Binding Problem? IV. Possible Theoretical Solutions
More informationFRONTAL LOBE. Central Sulcus. Ascending ramus of the Cingulate Sulcus. Cingulate Sulcus. Lateral Sulcus
FRONTAL LOBE Central Ascending ramus of the Cingulate Cingulate Lateral Lateral View Medial View Motor execution and higher cognitive functions (e.g., language production, impulse inhibition, reasoning
More informationConstruction of the Visual Image
Construction of the Visual Image Anne L. van de Ven 8 Sept 2003 BioE 492/592 Sensory Neuroengineering Lecture 3 Visual Perception Light Photoreceptors Interneurons Visual Processing Ganglion Neurons Optic
More informationThe Perceptual Experience
Dikran J. Martin Introduction to Psychology Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception Pages: 35 TEXT: Lefton, Lester A. and Brannon, Linda (2003). PSYCHOLOGY. (Eighth Edition.) Needham
More informationCOGS 101A: Sensation and Perception
COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception 1 Virginia R. de Sa Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Lecture 6: Beyond V1 - Extrastriate cortex Chapter 4 Course Information 2 Class web page: http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/
More informationNEUROSCIENCE. Barbora Cimrová
NEUROSCIENCE Barbora Cimrová Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (NS) structure, organization, function of its parts and its functioning as a whole unit traditionally: branch of
More informationLearn Connect Succeed. JCAHPO Regional Meetings 2015
Learn Connect Succeed JCAHPO Regional Meetings 2015 VISUAL FIELDS No financial conflicks Florida Society of Ophthalmology 2015 Gary Schemmer, MD Definition of Visual Field The area in space perceived by
More informationOrganization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function of the nervous system.
More informationNeuroscience Tutorial
Neuroscience Tutorial Brain Organization : cortex, basal ganglia, limbic lobe : thalamus, hypothal., pituitary gland : medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons, cerebellum Cortical Organization Cortical Organization
More informationHow strong is it? What is it? Where is it? What must sensory systems encode? 9/8/2010. Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination
Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination What must sensory systems encode? How strong is it? What is it? Where is it? When the brain wants to keep certain types of information distinct,
More informationSpatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination
Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination What must sensory systems encode? How strong is it? What is it? Where is it? When the brain wants to keep certain types of information distinct,
More informationNeural circuits PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 05. Rods and cones
Neural circuits PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 05 Why do you need bright light to read? Rods and cones Photoreceptors are not evenly distributed across the retina 1 Rods and cones Cones are most dense in
More informationThe neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible:
NERVOUS SYSTEM The neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible: the neuron and the supporting cells ("glial cells"). Neuron Neurons
More informationeye as a camera Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel (KSJ), Fig 27-3
eye as a camera Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel (KSJ), Fig 27-3 retinal specialization fovea: highest density of photoreceptors, aimed at where you are looking -> highest acuity optic disk: cell-free area, where
More informationEmbryological origin of thalamus
diencephalon Embryological origin of thalamus The diencephalon gives rise to the: Thalamus Epithalamus (pineal gland, habenula, paraventricular n.) Hypothalamus Subthalamus (Subthalamic nuclei) The Thalamus:
More informationChapter 6. Gathering information; the sensory systems
Chapter 6 Gathering information; the sensory systems Gathering information the sensory systems The parts of the nervous system that receive and process information are termed sensory systems. There are
More informationOrganization of The Nervous System PROF. MOUSAED ALFAYEZ & DR. SANAA ALSHAARAWY
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. MOUSAED ALFAYEZ & DR. SANAA ALSHAARAWY Objectives At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function
More informationVisual Brain: The Neural Basis of Visual Perception!
Visual Brain: The Neural Basis of Visual Perception!?! Human Brain: Amazing Machine! Cerebral cortex! Highest level of all sensory integration Highest level of somatic motor control Memory, association
More informationNeural Basis of Motor Control
Neural Basis of Motor Control Central Nervous System Skeletal muscles are controlled by the CNS which consists of the brain and spinal cord. Determines which muscles will contract When How fast To what
More informationLOOKING AT BLINDNESS FROM NEUROLOGIST S PERSPECTIVE
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk LOOKING AT BLINDNESS FROM NEUROLOGIST S PERSPECTIVE Author : LAURENT S GAROSI Categories : Vets Date : June 23, 2008 LAURENT
More informationWhat do we perceive?
THE VISUAL SYSTEM Aditi Majumder What do we perceive? Example: Switch off the light in room What we perceive Not only the property of the scene But also that of the visual system Our perception is filtered
More informationSensing and Perceiving Our World
PSYCHOLOGY: Perspectives & Connections 2 nd Edition GREGORY J. FEIST ERIKA L. ROSENBERG Sensing and Perceiving Our World Chapter Four Chapter Preview The Long Strange Trip From Sensation to Perception
More informationOPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I
OPTO 5320 VISION SCIENCE I Monocular Sensory Processes of Vision: Color Vision Mechanisms of Color Processing . Neural Mechanisms of Color Processing A. Parallel processing - M- & P- pathways B. Second
More informationINTRODUCTION: ****************************************************************************************************
BIOLOGY 211: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY **************************************************************************************************** EYES AND VISION ****************************************************************************************************
More informationSENSES: VISION. Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014
SENSES: VISION Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014 Sensation versus Perception Top-Down Processing (Perception) Cerebral cortex/ Association Areas Expectations Experiences Memories Schemas Anticipation
More informationImage Processing in the Human Visual System, a Quick Overview
Image Processing in the Human Visual System, a Quick Overview By Orazio Gallo, April 24th, 2008 The Visual System Our most advanced perception system: The optic nerve has 106 fibers, more than all the
More informationChapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses Somatosensory System There are three parts Cutaneous senses - perception of touch and pain from stimulation of the skin Proprioception - ability to sense position of the
More informationID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2001
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2001 As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect, so keep your eyes foveated on your own exam. I tend to think of a point as a minute, so be sure to spend the appropriate amount
More information1) The nucleus of a neuron, the area which houses all the genetic material, is found is which part of the nerve cell? cell body
PSYA01 Mtuner 2 1) The nucleus of a neuron, the area which houses all the genetic material, is found is which part of the nerve cell? cell body 2) According to evolutionary theory by natural selection,
More informationOur senses provide us with wonderful capabilities. If you had to lose one, which would it be?
Our senses provide us with wonderful capabilities. If you had to lose one, which would it be? Neurological disorders take away sensation without a choice! http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter04.html
More informationHigher Cortical Functions
Higher Cortical Functions This lecture includes: Compare between right and left hemispheres Cortical processing Damage to V1 (Primary visual cortex) Damage to What pathway (Lingual/Fusiform gyrus)/area
More informationGanglion Cells Blind Spot Cornea Pupil Visual Area of the Bipolar Cells Thalamus Rods and Cones Lens Visual cortex of the occipital lobe
How We See How We See Cornea Ganglion Cells whose axons form the optic nerve Blind Spot the exit point at the back of the retina Pupil which is controlled by the iris Bipolar Cells Visual Area of the Thalamus
More informationComputational model of MST neuron receptive field and interaction effect for the perception of selfmotion
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections 2008 Computational model of MST neuron receptive field and interaction effect for the perception of selfmotion
More informationEDGE DETECTION. Edge Detectors. ICS 280: Visual Perception
EDGE DETECTION Edge Detectors Slide 2 Convolution & Feature Detection Slide 3 Finds the slope First derivative Direction dependent Need many edge detectors for all orientation Second order derivatives
More informationKey questions about attention
Key questions about attention How does attention affect behavioral performance? Can attention affect the appearance of things? How does spatial and feature-based attention affect neuronal responses in
More informationThe Nervous System. Divisions of the Nervous System. Branches of the Autonomic Nervous System. Central versus Peripheral
The Nervous System Divisions of the Nervous System Central versus Peripheral Central Brain and spinal cord Peripheral Everything else Somatic versus Autonomic Somatic Nerves serving conscious sensations
More informationLayered organization of cortex: Paleocortex 3 layers hippocampal formation / ventral & medial cortex closest to brainstem
Layered organization of cortex: Paleocortex 3 layers hippocampal formation / ventral & medial cortex closest to brainstem Archicortex 3-4 layers hippocampal formation / amygdala Neocortex 6 layers more
More informationCHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
CHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM 10.1. SOMATOSENSORY MODALITIES "Somatosensory" is really a catch-all term to designate senses other than vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell. Receptors that could
More informationPrimary Visual Pathways (I)
Primary Visual Pathways (I) Introduction to Computational and Biological Vision CS 202-1-5261 Computer Science Department, BGU Ohad Ben-Shahar Where does visual information go from the eye? Where does
More informationProf. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr.Sanaa Alshaarawy
Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr.Sanaa Alshaarawy 1 Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: Describe the anatomy and main functions of the thalamus. Name and identify different nuclei
More information