How rational are your decisions? Neuroeconomics
|
|
- Sharyl Morgan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 How rational are your decisions? Neuroeconomics Hecke CNS Seminar WS 2006/07
2 Motivation
3 Motivation Ferdinand Porsche "Wir wollen Autos bauen, die keiner braucht aber jeder haben will."
4 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Neural Coding of Utilities and Value Functions 3 The Role of Emotion in Decision Making 4 Social Decision Making 5 Learning and Decision Making 6 Mentalizing and Theory of Mind
5 Introduction Introduction homo economicus is widely assumed to be a rational and self-interested decision maker. in reality routines to approximate optimal decision making: emotionally driven experience based taking into account decisions of others estimate outcome of alternative actions Review: D. Lee: Neural basis of quasi-rational decision making. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2006, 16:
6 Neural Coding of Utilities and Value Functions Neural Coding of Utilities and Value Functions utility experienced utility: subjective pleasure from the effect of an action decision utility: estimate of experienced utility for decision making brain regions that code for utility show neural activity that is affected by the amount of reward striatum, dorsolateral PFC, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior and posterior CC and posterior parietal cortex are also affected by anticipated outcomes while decision making
7 Neural Coding of Utilities and Value Functions Neural Coding of Utilities and Value Functions
8 Neural Coding of Utilities and Value Functions Matching Behavior in Monkeys Experiment poissonian reward different rates change without warning
9 Neural Coding of Utilities and Value Functions A local Version of Matching global matching needs perfect integration local matching Local fractional income relates to instantaneous probability of choice. leaky integrator: oblivion
10 Neural Coding of Utilities and Value Functions Utility coding delayed saccade task matching task Lateral Interparietal representation of fractional income of saccadic eye movements
11 The Role of Emotion in Decision Making The Role of Emotion in Decision Making expected utility theory maximizing the utilities weighted by their probabilities Allai s paradox choice 0 $ 1000 $ 5000 $ A B C D Too simple, does not take into account emotions. subjective bias towards certainty via nonlinear transformation regret theory minimization of regret regret: cognitive or emotional reaction associated with the realization that an unchosen action would have yielded better outcome arises from too high imagined outcome
12 The Role of Emotion in Decision Making Regret in Orbitofrontal Cortex Choice 200 Wait 200 Wait Game value Outcome Partial feedback Complete feedback Experiment choice of one gamble Spinning arrow holds at the outcome. The outcome of the alternative gamble is once shown, once not. Subjects rate their emotions Outcome Affective rating Extremely sad Neither sad nor happy Extremely happy
13 The Role of Emotion in Decision Making Regret in Orbitofrontal Cortex A C Emotional rating Normal subjects (N=18) obtained outcome B D Orbitofrontal patients (n=5) unobtained unobtained Partial 0 feedback -10 (disappointme obtained outcome Both subjective rating and skin conductance reveal: normal subjects show huge regret lesioned people don t Emotional rating Complete feedback (regret) obtained outcome obtained outcome E Skin conductance F partial complete -16mm -4mm -1mm 0 [-50,200] [50,200] [Obtained, non-obtained] 0 [-50,200] [50,200] [Obtained, non-obtained] Lesion Overlap
14 The Role of Emotion in Decision Making Emotion in Decision Making elation and disappointment arise if the outcome is irrespective of the chosen action not good for learning (if the goal is rational behavior) prospect theory choice outcomes are measured relative to the status quo this is supported by several monkey studies and weighted by a nonlinear function of the probabilities
15 Social Decision Making Social Decision Making game theory characterizes the problem of social interaction by a payoff matrix for multiple players and individual actions Classical game theory (rational decisions!) predicts the reaching of a Nash equilibrium. Nash equilibrium a set of strategies for all players from which no player can increase their payoffs by altering their strategies individually.
16 Social Decision Making Social Decision Making Ultimatum Game Trust Game
17 Social Decision Making Social Decision Making beyond Nash eq. ethical valuation of other s decisions not related to payoffs enhanced activation of certain brain regions only with human partners no effect with computer pertners
18 Social Decision Making Social Decision Making beyond Nash eq. Desire to punish uncooperative others activation of the caudate nucleus IC: decision to punish, punishment costly IF: decision to punish, punishment free IS: decision to send a (free) symbolic message NC: random action, punishment costly
19 Learning and Decision Making Learning and Decision Making reinforcement learning reward prediction error: discrepancy between predicted and actual reward used to update decision utilities or prediction functions dopamine dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra encode reward prediction errors
20 Learning and Decision Making Learning and Decision Making belief theory enhancement of reinforcement learning belief of the strategy of the other players it is also updated regularly than maximizing payoff given the beliefs approaching reality belief theoretic algorithms need to alter every expected payoff if a belief is changed (stone/paper/scissors) mixed strategies seem to match behavior neural mechanisms poorly understood but: fmri evidence for increased activity in ventral striatum if reasoning about the other s strategy
21 Learning and Decision Making Self-Referential Thinking ECTED PROOF difference between 1st and 2nd order belief What do you think, he thinks, you wan t to do? in equilibirium, (certainty) no change in neural activity posterior and anterior cingulate regions, frontal insula, dorsolateral PFC for theory of mind 2nd order beliefs activate the anterior insula mixture of forming beliefs and making choices
22 Mentalizing and Theory of Mind Mentalizing and Theory of Mind Mentalizing repeated playing with the same other players accumulation of information about the behaviors theory of mind is the ability to represent mental states of others: beliefs desires knowledge theory of mind might play a key role in optimizing decision making strategies during social interactions mostly unique to humans
23 Mentalizing and Theory of Mind Prisonners Dilemma Game Two players choose to Cooperate or to Defect. They learn about the other s choice afterwards. They get reward according to the matrix on the left.
24 Mentalizing and Theory of Mind Prisonners Dilemma Game Neural correlates for a theory of mind right mid posterior superior temporal sulcus yellow means more activation with human partners compared to computers in CC and CD outcomes 20 consecutive rounds with the same partner
25 Mentalizing and Theory of Mind Conclusions the assumption of rationality is false but useful to analyze complex decision making problems to generate hypotheses about corresponding cognitive and neural processes studies of emotion based choices and learning in decision making help to link formal theories to reality additionally, neurobiological studies reveal neural bases
Altruistic Behavior: Lessons from Neuroeconomics. Kei Yoshida Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of Tokyo Center for Philosophy (UTCP)
Altruistic Behavior: Lessons from Neuroeconomics Kei Yoshida Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of Tokyo Center for Philosophy (UTCP) Table of Contents 1. The Emergence of Neuroeconomics, or the Decline
More informationAcademic year Lecture 16 Emotions LECTURE 16 EMOTIONS
Course Behavioral Economics Academic year 2013-2014 Lecture 16 Emotions Alessandro Innocenti LECTURE 16 EMOTIONS Aim: To explore the role of emotions in economic decisions. Outline: How emotions affect
More informationThe Neural Basis of Economic Decision- Making in The Ultimatum Game
The Neural Basis of Economic Decision- Making in The Ultimatum Game Sanfey, Rilling, Aronson, Nystrom, & Cohen (2003), The neural basis of economic decisionmaking in the Ultimatum game, Science 300, 1755-1758
More informationChoosing the Greater of Two Goods: Neural Currencies for Valuation and Decision Making
Choosing the Greater of Two Goods: Neural Currencies for Valuation and Decision Making Leo P. Surgre, Gres S. Corrado and William T. Newsome Presenter: He Crane Huang 04/20/2010 Outline Studies on neural
More informationBasic definition and Classification of Anhedonia. Preclinical and Clinical assessment of anhedonia.
Basic definition and Classification of Anhedonia. Preclinical and Clinical assessment of anhedonia. Neurobiological basis and pathways involved in anhedonia. Objective characterization and computational
More informationNeural Basis of Decision Making. Mary ET Boyle, Ph.D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
Neural Basis of Decision Making Mary ET Boyle, Ph.D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Phineas Gage: Sept. 13, 1848 Working on the rail road Rod impaled his head. 3.5 x 1.25 13 pounds What happened
More informationNeural Basis of Decision Making. Mary ET Boyle, Ph.D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
Neural Basis of Decision Making Mary ET Boyle, Ph.D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Phineas Gage: Sept. 13, 1848 Working on the rail road Rod impaled his head. 3.5 x 1.25 13 pounds What happened
More informationVeronika Grimm, Friederike Mengel. Let me sleep on it: Delay reduces rejection rates in Ultimatum Games RM/10/017
Veronika Grimm, Friederike Mengel Let me sleep on it: Delay reduces rejection rates in Ultimatum Games RM/10/017 Let me sleep on it: Delay reduces rejection rates in Ultimatum Games Veronika Grimm Friederike
More informationBasic Nervous System anatomy. Neurobiology of Happiness
Basic Nervous System anatomy Neurobiology of Happiness The components Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral" Nervous System (PNS) Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
More informationNeural basis of quasi-rational decision making Daeyeol Lee
Neural basis of quasi-rational decision making Daeyeol Lee Standard economic theories conceive homo economicus as a rational decision maker capable of maximizing utility. In reality, however, people tend
More informationResistance to forgetting associated with hippocampus-mediated. reactivation during new learning
Resistance to Forgetting 1 Resistance to forgetting associated with hippocampus-mediated reactivation during new learning Brice A. Kuhl, Arpeet T. Shah, Sarah DuBrow, & Anthony D. Wagner Resistance to
More informationNeurobiological Foundations of Reward and Risk
Neurobiological Foundations of Reward and Risk... and corresponding risk prediction errors Peter Bossaerts 1 Contents 1. Reward Encoding And The Dopaminergic System 2. Reward Prediction Errors And TD (Temporal
More informationEmotion Explained. Edmund T. Rolls
Emotion Explained Edmund T. Rolls Professor of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford and Fellow and Tutor in Psychology, Corpus Christi College, Oxford OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction:
More informationReinforcement learning and the brain: the problems we face all day. Reinforcement Learning in the brain
Reinforcement learning and the brain: the problems we face all day Reinforcement Learning in the brain Reading: Y Niv, Reinforcement learning in the brain, 2009. Decision making at all levels Reinforcement
More informationDistinct valuation subsystems in the human brain for effort and delay
Supplemental material for Distinct valuation subsystems in the human brain for effort and delay Charlotte Prévost, Mathias Pessiglione, Elise Météreau, Marie-Laure Cléry-Melin and Jean-Claude Dreher This
More informationSupplemental Information. Triangulating the Neural, Psychological, and Economic Bases of Guilt Aversion
Neuron, Volume 70 Supplemental Information Triangulating the Neural, Psychological, and Economic Bases of Guilt Aversion Luke J. Chang, Alec Smith, Martin Dufwenberg, and Alan G. Sanfey Supplemental Information
More informationReference Dependence In the Brain
Reference Dependence In the Brain Mark Dean Behavioral Economics G6943 Fall 2015 Introduction So far we have presented some evidence that sensory coding may be reference dependent In this lecture we will
More informationThe Frontal Lobes. Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes. Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes 3/2/2011. Portrait: Losing Frontal-Lobe Functions. Readings: KW Ch.
The Frontal Lobes Readings: KW Ch. 16 Portrait: Losing Frontal-Lobe Functions E.L. Highly organized college professor Became disorganized, showed little emotion, and began to miss deadlines Scores on intelligence
More informationDecision Making in Robots and Autonomous Agents
Decision Making in Robots and Autonomous Agents A Brief Survey of Models from Neuroeconomics Subramanian Ramamoorthy School of Informa>cs 31 March, 2015 What is Neuroeconomics? Studies that take the process
More informationAnatomy of the basal ganglia. Dana Cohen Gonda Brain Research Center, room 410
Anatomy of the basal ganglia Dana Cohen Gonda Brain Research Center, room 410 danacoh@gmail.com The basal ganglia The nuclei form a small minority of the brain s neuronal population. Little is known about
More informationTaken From The Brain Top to Bottom //
Taken From The Brain Top to Bottom // http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_03/d_03_cl/d_03_cl_que/d_03_cl_que.html THE EVOLUTIONARY LAYERS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN The first time you observe the anatomy of the
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,000 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationBrain Imaging studies in substance abuse. Jody Tanabe, MD University of Colorado Denver
Brain Imaging studies in substance abuse Jody Tanabe, MD University of Colorado Denver NRSC January 28, 2010 Costs: Health, Crime, Productivity Costs in billions of dollars (2002) $400 $350 $400B legal
More informationIrrationality in Game Theory
Irrationality in Game Theory Yamin Htun Dec 9, 2005 Abstract The concepts in game theory have been evolving in such a way that existing theories are recasted to apply to problems that previously appeared
More informationGames and neuroeconomics. Rui Vilela Mendes
Games and neuroeconomics Rui Vilela Mendes Contents 1 Game theory. Nash equilibrium 2 Deviations from Nash equilibrium in human games 3 The neurological basis 4 Modeling neuroeconomics 5 Game theory with
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice Joseph W. Kable and Paul W. Glimcher a 10 0 b 10 0 10 1 10 1 Discount rate k 10 2 Discount rate k 10 2 10
More informationHappiness to Anger: Why and How Emotions drive Economic D. Decisions
Happiness to Anger: Why and How Emotions drive Economic Decisions University of Exeter Professor of Economics Head of Department Director; Behaviour, Identity, Decision Research Cluster October, 2017 Everybody
More informationReward Systems: Human
Reward Systems: Human 345 Reward Systems: Human M R Delgado, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA ã 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Rewards can be broadly defined as stimuli of positive
More informationThe Neural Basis of Following Advice
Guido Biele 1,2,3 *,Jörg Rieskamp 1,4, Lea K. Krugel 1,5, Hauke R. Heekeren 1,3 1 Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany, 2 Center for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology,
More informationEmbargoed until Oct. 16, 3:30 p.m. CST Contacts: Kat Snodgrass, (202) Press Room, Oct : (504) Todd Bentsen, (202)
Embargoed until Oct. 16, 3:30 p.m. CST Contacts: Kat Snodgrass, (202) 962-4090 Press Room, Oct. 13 17: (504) 670-4630 Todd Bentsen, (202) 962-4086 NEW FINDINGS ILLUMINATE BASIS IN BRAIN FOR SOCIAL DECISIONS,
More informationModel-Based fmri Analysis. Will Alexander Dept. of Experimental Psychology Ghent University
Model-Based fmri Analysis Will Alexander Dept. of Experimental Psychology Ghent University Motivation Models (general) Why you ought to care Model-based fmri Models (specific) From model to analysis Extended
More informationNeuroeconomics Lecture 1
Neuroeconomics Lecture 1 Mark Dean Princeton University - Behavioral Economics Outline What is Neuroeconomics? Examples of Neuroeconomic Studies Why is Neuroeconomics Controversial Is there a role for
More informationIntroduction to Game Theory Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems 2015/2016
Introduction to Game Theory Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems 2015/2016 Ana Paiva * These slides are based on the book by Prof. M. Woodridge An Introduction to Multiagent Systems and the online
More informationbrain valuation & behavior
brain valuation & behavior 9 Rangel, A, et al. (2008) Nature Neuroscience Reviews Vol 9 Stages in decision making process Problem is represented in the brain Brain evaluates the options Action is selected
More informationMethods to examine brain activity associated with emotional states and traits
Methods to examine brain activity associated with emotional states and traits Brain electrical activity methods description and explanation of method state effects trait effects Positron emission tomography
More informationAction and Emotion Understanding
Action and Emotion Understanding How do we grasp what other people are doing and feeling? Why does it seem so intuitive? Why do you have a visceral reaction when you see a wound or someone in a physically
More informationPsych3BN3 Topic 4 Emotion. Bilateral amygdala pathology: Case of S.M. (fig 9.1) S.M. s ratings of emotional intensity of faces (fig 9.
Psych3BN3 Topic 4 Emotion Readings: Gazzaniga Chapter 9 Bilateral amygdala pathology: Case of S.M. (fig 9.1) SM began experiencing seizures at age 20 CT, MRI revealed amygdala atrophy, result of genetic
More informationCognition in Parkinson's Disease and the Effect of Dopaminergic Therapy
Cognition in Parkinson's Disease and the Effect of Dopaminergic Therapy Penny A. MacDonald, MD, PhD, FRCP(C) Canada Research Chair Tier 2 in Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Assistant Professor
More informationBRAIN MECHANISMS OF REWARD AND ADDICTION
BRAIN MECHANISMS OF REWARD AND ADDICTION TREVOR.W. ROBBINS Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge Many drugs of abuse, including stimulants such as amphetamine and cocaine, opiates
More informationEDUCATION RE-EXAMINED
EDUCATION RE-EXAMINED FIRING GANDHI NEURONS ANANTHA DURAIAPPAH PRESENTATION AT THE UNESCO CHILD AND FAMILY RESEARCH CENTER 8 TH BIENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE REDISCOVERING EMPATHY:VALUES, RELATIONSHIPS
More informationThe Game Prisoners Really Play: Preference Elicitation and the Impact of Communication
The Game Prisoners Really Play: Preference Elicitation and the Impact of Communication Michael Kosfeld University of Zurich Ernst Fehr University of Zurich October 10, 2003 Unfinished version: Please do
More informationThe Evolution of Cooperation: The Genetic Algorithm Applied to Three Normal- Form Games
The Evolution of Cooperation: The Genetic Algorithm Applied to Three Normal- Form Games Scott Cederberg P.O. Box 595 Stanford, CA 949 (65) 497-7776 (cederber@stanford.edu) Abstract The genetic algorithm
More informationMAP 596F, Spring 2005 (also PSY 696F) A Master Seminar in The Foundations of Judgment and Decision Making
MAP 596F, Spring 2005 (also PSY 696F) A Master Seminar in The Foundations of Judgment and Decision Making Instructors: Meetings: Professor Terry Connolly, Management and Policy Professor Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini,
More informationThe Somatic Marker Hypothesis: Human Emotions in Decision-Making
The Somatic Marker Hypothesis: Human Emotions in Decision-Making Presented by Lin Xiao Brain and Creativity Institute University of Southern California Most of us are taught from early on that : -logical,
More informationUNDERSTANDING MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
*r «S&TH EDITION UNDERSTANDING MOTIVATION AND EMOTION JOHNMARSHALL REEVE Korea University WILEY ^ i BRIEF CONTENTS _JL PREFACE iii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2 MOTIVATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
More informationTHE PREFRONTAL CORTEX. Connections. Dorsolateral FrontalCortex (DFPC) Inputs
THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX Connections Dorsolateral FrontalCortex (DFPC) Inputs The DPFC receives inputs predominantly from somatosensory, visual and auditory cortical association areas in the parietal, occipital
More informationTrust or Reciprocity: The Effect of Controls on Other-Regarding Behavior
Trust or Reciprocity: The Effect of Controls on Other-Regarding Behavior Jace Garrett Clemson University Jeff Livingston Bentley University Bill Tayler Brigham Young University Motivation Prior research
More informationMaltreatment, brain development and the law: Towards an informed developmental framework
Maltreatment, brain development and the law: Towards an informed developmental framework Eamon McCrory PhD Developmental Risk and Resilience Unit, UCL In England the age of criminal responsibility is 10.
More informationIntelligence moderates reinforcement learning: a mini-review of the neural evidence
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (September 3, 2014). doi:10.1152/jn.00600.2014 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
More informationTHE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND
THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD How did I get here? What did I do? Start driving home after work Aware when you left
More informationSUPPLEMENTARTY TABLES
SUPPLEMENTARTY TABLES Table S1. Descriptive statistics and questionnaire data for female (16) and male (16) Variable Sex Mean Std. Error Gender Diff. t-test Age Female 24.63 1.11 t(30) = 0.79 Male 26.50
More information5th Mini-Symposium on Cognition, Decision-making and Social Function: In Memory of Kang Cheng
5th Mini-Symposium on Cognition, Decision-making and Social Function: In Memory of Kang Cheng 13:30-13:35 Opening 13:30 17:30 13:35-14:00 Metacognition in Value-based Decision-making Dr. Xiaohong Wan (Beijing
More informationDecision neuroscience seeks neural models for how we identify, evaluate and choose
VmPFC function: The value proposition Lesley K Fellows and Scott A Huettel Decision neuroscience seeks neural models for how we identify, evaluate and choose options, goals, and actions. These processes
More informationMotor Systems I Cortex. Reading: BCP Chapter 14
Motor Systems I Cortex Reading: BCP Chapter 14 Principles of Sensorimotor Function Hierarchical Organization association cortex at the highest level, muscles at the lowest signals flow between levels over
More informationTHE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Linking thought and movement simultaneously! Forebrain Basal ganglia Midbrain and
More informationThe Social Regulation of Emotion
The Social Regulation of Emotion James Coan Virginia Affective Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Psychology University of Virginia http://www.affectiveneuroscience.org All Materials 2011, James A Coan,
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Task timeline for Solo and Info trials.
Supplementary Figure 1 Task timeline for Solo and Info trials. Each trial started with a New Round screen. Participants made a series of choices between two gambles, one of which was objectively riskier
More informationSupplementary Material S3 Further Seed Regions
Supplementary Material S3 Further Seed Regions Figure I. Changes in connectivity with the right anterior insular cortex. (A) wake > mild sedation, showing a reduction in connectivity between the anterior
More informationOrganizational design and management have had, from the beginning, a principle based on the
Emotional gap Organizational design and management have had, from the beginning, a principle based on the efficiency of the processes, but isolated from the dynamic context. This self-referential design
More informationLecture 42: Final Review. Martin Wessendorf, Ph.D.
Lecture 42: Final Review Martin Wessendorf, Ph.D. Lecture 33 cortex Heilbronner 5 lobes of the cortex Lateral view (left side) Mid-saggital view (right side) Cellular organization of cortex White matter
More informationYOUR NEW MONEY STORY ROADMAP FOR MONEY MASTERY
YOUR NEW MONEY STORY ROADMAP FOR MONEY MASTERY A Self-Guided Online-Retreat with David Krueger MD Seminar Series Outline I. Your Money Story David Krueger MD Seminar I. YOUR MONEY STORY [Workbook: Introduction
More informationA possible mechanism for impaired joint attention in autism
A possible mechanism for impaired joint attention in autism Justin H G Williams Morven McWhirr Gordon D Waiter Cambridge Sept 10 th 2010 Joint attention in autism Declarative and receptive aspects initiating
More informationNeural activity to positive expressions predicts daily experience of schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms in adults with high social anhedonia
1 Neural activity to positive expressions predicts daily experience of schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms in adults with high social anhedonia Christine I. Hooker, Taylor L. Benson, Anett Gyurak, Hong Yin,
More informationNeural plasticity in infants - relevance to baby swimming. Morten Overgaard
Neural plasticity in infants - relevance to baby swimming Morten Overgaard Programme What is neuroscience? Totally superficial neuroanatomy Paradoxes of functional localization Mechanisms of neural plasticity
More informationThe neural mechanisms of inter-temporal decision-making: understanding variability
Review Feature Review The neural mechanisms of inter-temporal decision-making: understanding variability Jan Peters and Christian Büchel Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf,
More informationBrain Mechanisms of Emotion 1 of 6
Brain Mechanisms of Emotion 1 of 6 I. WHAT IS AN EMOTION? A. Three components (Oately & Jenkins, 1996) 1. caused by conscious or unconscious evaluation of an event as relevant to a goal that is important
More informationConnect with amygdala (emotional center) Compares expected with actual Compare expected reward/punishment with actual reward/punishment Intuitive
Orbitofronal Notes Frontal lobe prefrontal cortex 1. Dorsolateral Last to myelinate Sleep deprivation 2. Orbitofrontal Like dorsolateral, involved in: Executive functions Working memory Cognitive flexibility
More informationPersonality and social behavior. Aldo Rustichini Conference on Measuring and Assessing Skills Chicago, October 1-2
Personality and social behavior Aldo Rustichini Conference on Measuring and Assessing Skills Chicago, October 1-2 Outline: Three main themes Conscientiousness and strategic behavior Intelligence and strategic
More informationBehavioral Economics - Syllabus
Behavioral Economics - Syllabus 1 st Term - Academic Year 2016/2017 Professor Luigi Mittone luigi.mittone@unitn.it Teaching Assistant Viola Saredi violaluisa.saredi@unitn.it Course Overview The course
More informationThe weak side of informal social control Paper prepared for Conference Game Theory and Society. ETH Zürich, July 27-30, 2011
The weak side of informal social control Paper prepared for Conference Game Theory and Society. ETH Zürich, July 27-30, 2011 Andreas Flache Department of Sociology ICS University of Groningen Collective
More informationGames With Incomplete Information: Bayesian Nash Equilibrium
Games With Incomplete Information: Bayesian Nash Equilibrium Carlos Hurtado Department of Economics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign hrtdmrt2@illinois.edu June 29th, 2016 C. Hurtado (UIUC - Economics)
More informationA neural circuit model of decision making!
A neural circuit model of decision making! Xiao-Jing Wang! Department of Neurobiology & Kavli Institute for Neuroscience! Yale University School of Medicine! Three basic questions on decision computations!!
More informationNeurobiology of Addiction
Neurobiology of Addiction Tiffany Love, Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry The University of Utah What is Addiction? Addiction is a chronic, relapsing, and treatable brain disorder. Compulsive drug seeking
More information9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Emotion Sebastian Seung
More informationAnticipated Emotions as Guides to Choice
210 VOLUME 10, NUMBER 6, DECEMBER 2001 Anticipated Emotions as Guides to Choice Barbara A. Mellers 1 and A. Peter McGraw Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Abstract When
More informationDynamic functional integration of distinct neural empathy systems
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Advance Access published August 16, 2013 Dynamic functional integration of distinct neural empathy systems Shamay-Tsoory, Simone G. Department of Psychology,
More informationEffects of Sequential Context on Judgments and Decisions in the Prisoner s Dilemma Game
Effects of Sequential Context on Judgments and Decisions in the Prisoner s Dilemma Game Ivaylo Vlaev (ivaylo.vlaev@psy.ox.ac.uk) Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1
More information25 Things To Know. Pre- frontal
25 Things To Know Pre- frontal Frontal lobes Cognition Touch Sound Phineas Gage First indication can survive major brain trauma Lost 1+ frontal lobe Gage Working on a railroad Gage (then 25) Foreman on
More informationAPNA 25th Annual Conference October 19, Session 1022
When Words Are Not Enough The Use of Sensory Modulation Techniques to Replace Self- Injurious Behaviors in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder General Organization of the Brain Lita Sabonis,
More informationnucleus accumbens septi hier-259 Nucleus+Accumbens birnlex_727
Nucleus accumbens From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Brain: Nucleus accumbens Nucleus accumbens visible in red. Latin NeuroNames MeSH NeuroLex ID nucleus accumbens septi hier-259 Nucleus+Accumbens birnlex_727
More informationA Cognitive Model of Strategic Deliberation and Decision Making
A Cognitive Model of Strategic Deliberation and Decision Making Russell Golman (rgolman@andrew.cmu.edu) Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. Sudeep Bhatia (bhatiasu@sas.upenn.edu) University of
More informationLateral Intraparietal Cortex and Reinforcement Learning during a Mixed-Strategy Game
7278 The Journal of Neuroscience, June 3, 2009 29(22):7278 7289 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Lateral Intraparietal Cortex and Reinforcement Learning during a Mixed-Strategy Game Hyojung Seo, 1 * Dominic
More informationWhat can we do to improve the outcomes for all adolescents? Changes to the brain and adolescence-- Structural and functional changes in the brain
The Adolescent Brain-- Implications for the SLP Melissa McGrath, M.A., CCC-SLP Ball State University Indiana Speech Language and Hearing Association- Spring Convention April 15, 2016 State of adolescents
More informationNeocortex. Hemispheres 9/22/2010. Psychology 472 Pharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs. Structures are divided into several section or lobes.
Neocortex Psychology 472 Pharmacology of Psychoactive Drugs 1 Is the most developed in Humans Has many folds and fissures The folds of tissue are called gyri or a gyrus (single) The fissures or valleys
More informationFinancial Decision-Making: Stacey Wood, PhD, Professor Scripps College
Financial Decision-Making: Stacey Wood, PhD, Professor Scripps College Framework for Understanding Financial Decision-Making in SSI Beneficiaries Understand particular strengths, weaknesses and vulnerabilities
More informationLESSON 3.4 WORKBOOK. Can you become addicted to food?
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Dopamine A compound that sends signals from one neuron to another, and is made from the amino acid tyrosine. Dopamine reward pathway A circuit in the brain that when activated leads
More informationNeuroanatomy of Emotion, Fear, and Anxiety
Neuroanatomy of Emotion, Fear, and Anxiety Outline Neuroanatomy of emotion Critical conceptual, experimental design, and interpretation issues in neuroimaging research Fear and anxiety Neuroimaging research
More informationEmanuela Carbonara. 31 January University of Bologna - Department of Economics
Game Theory, Behavior and The Law - I A brief introduction to game theory. Rules of the game and equilibrium concepts. Behavioral Games: Ultimatum and Dictator Games. Entitlement and Framing effects. Emanuela
More informationIntroduction to Game Theory:
Introduction to Game Theory: Levels of Reasoning Version 10/29/17 How Many Levels Do Players Reason? When we first hear about game theory, we are naturally led to ponder: How does a player Ann in a game
More informationThe Evolution of Cooperation
Cooperative Alliances Problems of Group Living The Evolution of Cooperation The problem of altruism Definition of reproductive altruism: An individual behaves in such a way as to enhance the reproduction
More informationEmotions in a repeated Cournot game
Emotions in a repeated Cournot game A psychophysiological experiment Ilkka Leppänen and Raimo P. Hämäläinen Systems Analysis Laboratory Aalto University July 14, 2014 Why study emotions in OR? To understand
More information"False tagging mechanism False Tagging Theory All idea initially believed Doubt occur when prefrontal cortex tags it as false Provides doubt and
Ventromedial Notes Frontal lobe Prefrontal cortex 1. dorsolateral cortex Last to myelinate Sleep deprivation Executive functions Working memory Cognitive flexibility Planning 2. Orbitofrontal cortex Controls
More informationA model to explain the emergence of reward expectancy neurons using reinforcement learning and neural network $
Neurocomputing 69 (26) 1327 1331 www.elsevier.com/locate/neucom A model to explain the emergence of reward expectancy neurons using reinforcement learning and neural network $ Shinya Ishii a,1, Munetaka
More informationReward, Context, and Human Behaviour
Review Article TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2007) 7, 626 640 ISSN 1537-744X; DOI 10.1100/tsw.2007.122 Reward, Context, and Human Behaviour Clare L. Blaukopf and Gregory J. DiGirolamo* Department of Experimental
More informationLesson #2: My Amore: My Amygdala
Lesson #2: My Amore: My Amygdala Objectives 1. Students will be able to identify the function of the amygdala and hippocampus in the limbic system. 2. Students will be able to identify the roles and tasks
More informationExploring Reflections and Conversations of Breaking Unconscious Racial Bias. Sydney Spears Ph.D., LSCSW
Exploring Reflections and Conversations of Breaking Unconscious Racial Bias Sydney Spears Ph.D., LSCSW Race the Power of an Illusion: The Difference Between Us https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7_yhur3g9g
More informationDistinct Value Signals in Anterior and Posterior Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Supplementary Information Distinct Value Signals in Anterior and Posterior Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex David V. Smith 1-3, Benjamin Y. Hayden 1,4, Trong-Kha Truong 2,5, Allen W. Song 2,5, Michael L.
More informationLecture 2: Learning and Equilibrium Extensive-Form Games
Lecture 2: Learning and Equilibrium Extensive-Form Games III. Nash Equilibrium in Extensive Form Games IV. Self-Confirming Equilibrium and Passive Learning V. Learning Off-path Play D. Fudenberg Marshall
More informationInstitutions and Cooperative Behavior
Institutions and Cooperative Behavior by Arild Vatn Department of International Environmental and Development Studies Norwegian University of Life Sciences Complexity Economics for Sustainability Seminar
More informationEpistemic Social Dilemmas
Epistemic Social Dilemmas Kevin J.S. Zollman Carnegie Mellon University Passive individualism Not individual Not passive Inquirers must choose: What to investigate Which hypotheses to pursue How to pursue
More information