Fostering Gender Equality and Empowerment

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2 Fostering Gender Equality and Empowerment In the poorest countries, many women lack a voice in their households, communities, and governments, as well as access to resources. Empowering women and girls is not only the right and fair thing to do; it also makes economic sense, since progress in gender equality benefits everyone, not just women and girls. Economies thrive. Women, men, girls, and boys have access to equal opportunities. And communities prosper when women and men are equally empowered. Gender equality is a key priority for the International Development Association (IDA), the World Bank s fund for the poorest. IDA works to reverse millennia of gender discrimination by getting girls to school, helping women access land titles and financing to start small businesses, and ultimately helping to improve the economic prospects of families and communities. IDA is uniquely suited to support gender equality outcomes, which requires integrating work across multiple sectors and sustaining efforts over long periods. Progress on key gender indicators such as girls school enrollment and completion rates, maternal mortality, labor force participation, and asset ownership also depends on investments in water, sanitation, transport, productive assets, and access to financial services. While many agencies cover gender issues in education and health, few can match IDA s potential to provide complementary support in infrastructure, private sector development, agriculture, and financial service delivery. All are essential to expanding women s economic opportunities. There are many challenges to female empowerment, but IDA s efforts are yielding results. From 2002 to 2012, for example, more than 188 million pregnant women in IDA countries received prenatal care from a health provider. And gender parity in primary schools in IDA countries rose from 91 girls for every 100 boys enrolled to 96 girls for every 100 boys enrolled, from 2000 to As the following examples illustrate, IDA is making a difference on gender issues in many countries around the world. Be sure to see our other ABCs of IDA, including an overarching ABCs fact sheet, as well as highlights of our work in Africa and on institutional strengthening and conflict and fragility at Key Achievements by Country IDA 1

3 Examples of Gender Results A Afghanistan B 16,300 women joined savings groups with access to loans between 2010 and 2013; nearly 60 of the new enterprise groups are made up of women with access to technical support for rural development projects. 2.7 million girls were enrolled in schools in 2012, up from 191,000 in of health care facilities had at least one female staff member in 2012, up from 54 in 2004; the number of health care facilities increased from 496 to 2,047; some 20,000 community health workers half of them women have been trained and deployed throughout Afghanistan, increasing access to family planning and boosting childhood vaccinations. 43 of births were facility-based in 2012, up from 7 in 2004; prenatal coverage was 39, up from 6 in Benin 60 of pregnant women slept under bed nets in 2010, up from 20 in Burundi C Cambodia E 25 more births were facility-based in 2011 than 2010; prenatal consultations increased by 20, curative care consultations for pregnant women increased by 35, and family planning services obtained through health facilities increased by 27 in higher daily incomes were earned between 2008 and 2011 by women trained to use, produce, and sell environmentally friendly clay cook stoves, which cost $1.50 each. Ethiopia 91 ratio of girls to boys in grades 1 4 was reached in 2010 from 89 in 2006; grades 5-8 increased from 76 to 91 over the same period. G Ghana 95 gender parity rate was reached in deprived school districts in 2011, up from 92 in 2005 and nearing the national average of 97. H Haiti An IDA-financed project is equipping women with the right skills both technical and financial to increase crop yields, access markets, and their incomes. 2.7 million girls in Afghanistan were enrolled in schools in 2012, up from 191,000 in higher daily incomes were earned in Cambodia, from , by women trained to use, produce, and sell environmentally friendly clay cook stoves. Key Achievements by Country IDA 2

4 91 ratio of girls to boys in grades 5 8 in Ethiopia was reached in 2010, up from 76 in ,000 poor people in Lao PDR gained access to basic services between 2003 and 2011 through a community-driven development project. K Kyrgyz Republic L Lao People s Democratic Republic M Mongolia N Nepal Close to 1 million women and girls benefited directly from community-based micro enterprises and improved local government between 2007 and ,000 poor people in remote rural areas gained access to basic services between 2003 and 2011 through a community-driven development project 91 of the projects reflected women s priorities. 900,000 women benefited from a program to boost rural livelihoods, including receipt of microloans, during ,000 women benefited directly from a program to increase food security and build new livelihoods during Over the last decade, the number of women dying in childbirth has been cut in half; and 44 of women have access to skilled prenatal care. Nicaragua 7 more births were attended by skilled health staff in a medical institution in 2012 than in 2010; 65 of pregnant women received prenatal care, and more than 80 casas maternas were upgraded; 14 more women received post-partum care. 42,500 agricultural producers received improved technical assistance, 37 of whom are women, between 2007 and P Pakistan 20 million poor people were supported during by a targeted cash transfer program disbursing only to female representatives of eligible families; this program contributed to a 40 increase in female registration for national identity cards, which can potentially open avenues for their socio-economic and political empowerment. 900,000 women in Mongolia benefited from a program to boost rural livelihoods, including receipt of microloans, during of girls in the Republic of Yemen completed primary school in , compared with 33 in Key Achievements by Country IDA 3

5 32 of Vietnamese households in Khanh Hoa and 47 in Tien Giang used newly secured land titles as collateral for bank loans. 68 of households in Rwanda receiving cash transfers between 2008 and 2012 were headed by women. R Rwanda Some 5,000 rural poor patients, mainly women, received antiretroviral therapy from 2003 to of households that received cash transfers between 2008 and 2012 were headed by women; the safety net program reached half a million people during that period. S Sri Lanka 93 of girls completed basic education in 2010, up from 83 in women s rural development societies were established between 2004 and 2011; 36,000 women were linked through 620 telecenters in T Timor Leste Close to 100 gender parity was achieved in primary schools in V Vietnam Y Yemen, Republic of 32 of households in Khanh Hoa and 47 in Tien Giang used newly secured land titles as collateral for bank loans between 2007 and 2011; 55 of those working in handicrafts and businesses, primarily women, used their land titles to access loans. In 2008, an IDA-supported pilot project in north central Vietnam began instituting an approach to land titling that gives both women and men rights to use land. This still-active land-titling project has increased opportunities for women to use their most productive asset their land to generate income. 53 of girls completed primary school in , compared with 33 in ,000 girls attended school in the school year as a result of conditional cash transfers introduced in 2008 and PUBLISHED BY the Concessional Finance & Global Partnerships Vice Presidency of the World Bank - Spring 2013 PHOTO CREDITS cover: Tran Thi Hoa/World Bank; clockwise for pages 2-4, page 2: Wakil Kohsar/Aina Photo, World Bank; page 3: Stephan Bachenheimer/World Bank, Meriem Gray/World Bank, Dave Lawrence/World Bank, and Bill Lyons/World Bank; page 4: Tran Thi Hoa/World Bank and Arne Hoel/World Bank. Key Achievements by Country IDA 4

6 The International Development Association The International Development Association (IDA) is a game-changer in the field of development, paving the way for others in the most difficult and complex situations to help hundreds of millions of people escape the cycle of abject poverty. IDA provides leadership on global challenges. From its support for climate resilience to the creation of jobs to get combatants back into society, IDA rallies others on tough issues for the common good and helps make the world more secure. IDA is transformational. IDA helps countries develop solutions that have literally reshaped the development landscape from its history-changing agriculture solutions for millions of South Asians who faced starvation in the 1970s to its pioneering work in the areas of debt relief and the phase-out of leaded gasoline. IDA is there for the long haul. IDA stays in a country after the cameras leave, emphasizing long-term growth and capability to make sure results are sustained. When the poorest are ignored because they re not profitable, IDA delivers. IDA provides dignity and quality of life, bringing clean water, electricity, and toilets to hundreds of millions of poor people. IDA makes the world a better place for girls and women. IDA works to reverse millennia of gender discrimination by getting girls to school, helping women access financing to start small businesses, and ultimately helping to improve the economic prospects of families and communities. Working with the World Bank Group, IDA brings an integrated approach to development. IDA helps create environments where change can flourish and where the private sector can jump-start investment. IDA Results at a Glance, million teachers recruited and/ or trained 496 million children immunized 116,000 kms of roads constructed or rehabilitated 123 million people with access to improved water sources 188 million pregnant women receiving prenatal care during a visit to a health provider 65 million people with access to a basic package of health, nutrition, or population services 7 million people with access to improved sanitation facilities Members of the World Bank Group The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): The International Development Association (IDA): The International Finance Corporation (IFC): The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA): The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID): icsid.worldbank.org #endpoverty