The future of particle physics at SLAC: why DUSEL

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1 The future of particle physics at SLAC: why DUSEL Outline: Gabriella Sciolla MIT DUSEL: new opportunities in particle physics Why DUSEL needs SLAC, why SLAC needs DUSEL My vision of DUSEL A concrete example: how SLAC can make a difference Conclusion SLAC, February 7, 2008 Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 1

2 Why I am giving this talk Important disclaimer: I am not an expert in underground science I started working on Dark Matter experiment ~ 1 year ago Same background of most people at SLAC High-energy collider physics (B-factory, Z pole e + e - ) Why is underground physics right for us? Us : SLAC users community Is physics interesting? Can we contribute effectively? Can we get funding? My goal: offer an independent point of view on what role SLAC could play in the emerging field of underground physics Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 2

3 Particle physics is changing Accelerator-based particle physics is becoming less central to the overall program, especially in the US 1998: SLD, BaBar, Tevatron Run1 --> Run2, KTeV, fixed target experiments at SLAC and Fermilab 2008: Tevatron still running ~2010: anything left in the US? Focus of collider physics will soon be at CERN LHC offers great physics opportunities, but it s off-shore Can the US be home to exciting discoveries in particle physics in the next years? Underground physics offers us a unique chance DUSEL ideal site for many underground experiments Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 3

4 What is DUSEL? DUSEL = Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory If built, world-class facility for underground science What Science: Physics, Geology, Biology, Engineering How DEEP: up to 8,000 ft to screen cosmics Why DUSEL? A national underground laboratory offers the US some vital scientific opportunities that will affect a number of important international efforts and provide a center in the US for some of the most exciting physics at the beginning of the 21st century. From Neutrinos and Beyond National Research Council Report, 2003 Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 4

5 Gabriella Sciolla K. Lesko - DUSEL Town Why Meeting DUSEL Washington, DC - Nov

6 The physics case is strong Physics at DUSEL is as fundamental as it gets, and offers a complementary approach to the same problems SLAC is traditionally interested in Dark Matter direct detection Pay-off: 24% of the energy budget of the Universe Complementary to searches for LSP at high-energy colliders CPV in neutrinos and neutrino oscillation The other Flavor Physics Maybe the key to matter-anti-matter asymmetry (leptogenesis instead of baryogenesis) Neutrinoless double beta decay Are neutrinos Majorana particles? What s their mass? Majorana <--> Leptogenesis Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 6

7 DUSEL approval process NSF-led project: Initiated at NSF Town Meeting in March 2004 S1 (awarded in Jan 2005) Define science scope, organize community S2 (2 awarded in Sep 2005) S3 Develop conceptual design for sites Technical design for MREFC for site Major funding: $15M over 3 years Awarded in Sep 2007 to UC Berkeley for Homestake site Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 7

8 Homestake mine in Lead, SD Located in western South Dakota, in the Black Hills near the Wyoming state line. The town was founded in 1876 after the discovery of gold Homestake mine is the largest, deepest (8240 feet) and one of World s most productive gold mine before closing in 2001 Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 8

9 The DUSEL site: Homestake mine in Lead, SD Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 9

10 Next step: experiments S4 Technical design for initial suite of experiments in preparation for MREFC Deadline for proposals: end of 2007 Anticipated $15M for Physics over 3 years Final step to make DUSEL a reality: MREFC Major Research Equipment and Facility Construction Anticipated ~ $500 M 50% facility, 50% experiments 7-8 years construction period Earliest construction: FY11 Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 10

11 Why SLAC needs DUSEL World-class particle physics Well in line with SLAC s traditional interests Big overlap with KAVLI: e.g.: Dark Matter Chance to play a major role in this emerging field Countless reports raved about potential of underground physics Deep Science, EPP2010, Neutrinos and Beyond, Quantum Universe, DUSEL becoming one of US top priority in particle physics Founding will follow US-lead program on US soil Tevatron will end, LHC is off-shore, ILC looks far, Perfect timing Join now to make a difference! Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 11

12 Why DUSEL needs SLAC (1) Underground physics is evolving Example 1: Dark Matter Originally small collaboration O(10) built table-top experiments At DUSEL: large collaborations O(100) will build ton-size detectors Example 2: Neutrino Physics Today: MINOS ~ size At DUSEL: 100 kton detector for solar neutrinos, long baseline experiments, nucleon decay (H 2 O or scintillator) Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 12

13 Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 13

14 Why DUSEL needs SLAC (1) Underground physics is evolving Example 1: Dark Matter Originally small collaboration O(10) built table-top experiments At DUSEL: large collaborations O(100) will build ton-size detectors Example 2: Neutrino Physics Today: MINOS ~ size At DUSEL: 100 kton detector for solar neutrinos, long baseline experiments, nucleon decay (H 2 O or scintillator) SLAC experience in building large detectors and managing large collaboration would be invaluable! Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 14

15 Why DUSEL needs SLAC (2) Building detectors on time and on budget is rare to find! Team of world-class physicists and engineers used to build large detectors Facilities for R&D and construction Facilities to assemble and test detectors National Lab better suited for large-scale projects S/W & Computing Initially for MC simulation (GEANT-4), later for analysis Project management Experience in making large collaboration work (underestimated at the moment, but it is an issue ) Getting funding in a timely manner VERY tight schedule to start construction in 2011 MREFC package due by 3/09 Major work is needed to get there R&D to scale detectors up, engineering, planning, reliable cost estimates,.. Having SLAC on board can make this possible Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 15

16 SLAC s credentials/advantages Well-documented history of stellar achievements in particle physics 2 Nobel Prizes, 40 years of building and operating successful experiments SLAC has a (big!) foot in the door already Experience and leadership in EXO and CDMS Proximity to Berkeley/LBL Berkeley won S3 for DUSEL and is now in charge of facility ($15M) Long history of productive collaboration Vibrant community of long-time users who may be looking for a new project after March 1st Probability(BaBar->LHC) << Probability(CDF-->LHC) Users could use SLAC as their point of entry to DUSEL Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 16

17 Is SLAC s expertise relevant to DUSEL? Absolutely! Experience in designing/building large detectors Technical challenges are a bit different, but no big deal Computing Project management in large collaborations Also, being different is an advantage sometimes SLAC expertise nicely complements that of DM community A success story: EXO group at SLAC Design and construction of the TPC and related electronics Cyrogenics design and support Installation at WIPP of EXO-200 Environmental and safety systems R&D for the full EXO Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 17

18 DOE National Labs at DUSEL DUSEL is an NSF project Funded through MREFC Yet, DOE National Labs do/may have primary roles LBNL (mostly nuclear physics) is the driving force behind the DUSEL proposal as a facility (S3) Fermilab has grand plans for accelerator-based neutrino physics Already major player, even more if Project X is approved NB: large user base makes Fermilab their point of entry SLAC? My 2 cents: Capitalize on investment: ββ decay EXO: Breidenbach s group at SLAC, Gratta s group at Stanford Diversify: Dark Matter CDMS: proximity to Stanford Space for more than one group/technology in DM! Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 18

19 My vision of DUSEL Strong SLAC contingent working on DUSEL experiments 2-3 SLAC groups will join experiments at DUSEL Large groups, but not too large Each group will address a different physics topic Variety is important to enrich physics portfolio Synergy among the various efforts Common technical issues allow to share equipment & expertise SLAC should also act as a user facility for DUSEL Offer infrastructures to university-based groups in R&D phase E.g: test radioactivity of materials Natural choice to assemble and test detectors before installation Clean-rooms essential for any detector component at DUSEL Larger modules need high-bay, cranes, etc Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 19

20 What projects? Physics interest dictates the choice! For sure MANY options! My favorite: Dark Matter Goal: reach cm 2 /nucleon, 1-10 tonn fiducial mass Many techniques on the market: a creative environment! L Xe TPC (a la Xenon 10) L Ar TPC (a la WARP) L Ar/Ne single phase (DEEP/CLEAN) Cryo Ge (a la CDMS) Bubble chamber (a la COUPP) Directional gaseous detector (a la DM-TPC) It pays to use different technologies and materials SD or SI interactions? Does σ~a 2? Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 20

21 More options: neutrino physics Neutrino-less ββ decay Different approaches: 136 Xe in large TPC (EXO) Ge arrays at cryogenic temperature (Majorana) Scale: 100 kg (now) --> tonn (DUSEL) Long baseline neutrino oscillation/proton decay This will be a HUGE detector: 100 kton scale detectors : LAr and H 2 0 Fermilab s main interest for the future: Project X Covered? Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 21

22 Example of how SLAC could make a difference: DM-TPC: directional DM detection Low-pressure CF4 TPC with optical readout Goals: directionality, Spin-Dependent interactions Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 22

to n from 252Cf Small collaboration: 15 people from Boston

23 Progress so far Proved detector concept, observed head-tail effect α stopping in CF4 NIM A584: ,2008 F recoil due to n from 252Cf Small collaboration: 15 people from Boston University, Brandies, and MIT Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 23

24 Great potential: SLAC could make this happen! Full scale module in the works Volume: 4 m 3 Mass 1-2 Kg (P= torr) 1 year underground: kg-day SIMPLE/PICASSO 2 Kg-day CDMS 34(12) Kg-day for Ge(Si) Expected limits on σ SD ~ Very competitive! Much work needed R&D for full scale prototype Scale up to large detector Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 24

25 Conclusion In the next years underground physics can yield important discoveries in particle physics Dark Matter, CP violation in neutrinos, ββ decays, p decay With DUSEL the US is in a position to lead this emerging field of particle physics Necessary for DOE and NSF to keep operating at present level SLAC can be a major player at DUSEL Experience in building and managing large experiments is key: still rare in underground physics world SLAC s expertise complements that of current DM community: strength not weakness! DUSEL can become an essential part of SLAC s future Rich physics program well matched to interests and expertise of the lab and its users Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 25

26 SUSEL: early physics at DUSEL Sanford Lab Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 26 K. Lesko

27 Reports Gabriella Sciolla Why DUSEL 27

Enriched Xenon Observatory for double beta decay. EXO-200 Progress. Liang Yang. Research Associate. July 8, 2008 SLAC Annual Program Review Page 1

Enriched Xenon Observatory for double beta decay EXO-200 Progress Liang Yang Research Associate July 8, 2008 SLAC Annual Program Review Page 1 Introduction EXO collaboration aims to observe and measure