Muscle Tissue. Muscle Development and Repair. Development: fusion of myoblasts. Repair: Satellite cells (S) 3 Types of Muscle
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1 ANNOUNCEMENTS Review Session Every Friday at 12:20 Muscle Tissue 3 Types of Muscle Function: Force generation Lab Practical Coming up! October 26 th, 27 th Muscle Tissue Striated Nonstriated Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Muscle Development and Repair Development: fusion of myoblasts Repair: Satellite cells (S) Multinucleated Mononucleated Mononucleated Cylindrical Branching Fusiform Satellite cells No satellite cells No satellite cells 1
2 Each muscle fiber has: - myofilaments: actin & myosin - a basal lamina Skeletal: -long multinucleated muscle fibers -attached to bone at tendons Cardiac -single fibers joined end to end Smooth -single fibers Muscle Contraction: due to shortening of individual muscle fibers Muscle fiber shortening due to sliding of myofilaments: Sliding filament model Striated---> Sarcomeres Nonstriated Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle - nonbranching - peripheral nuclei in mammals 2
3 Skeletal Muscle - nonbranching - peripheral nuclei in mammals Organization of Skeletal Muscles Connective Tissue Wrapping Individual fibers: Endomysium (basal lamina & reticular fibers) Bundles of muscle cells: Perimysium (septa) Entire muscle: Epimysium cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/muscle/striated... Endomysium (E) and Perimysium (P) Epimysium Endomysium: Basal Lamina 3
4 Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle Sarcomere Z line A band I band M line H band Molecular Components of Sarcomere Thin filaments Microfilaments (Actin) Anchored to Z line by!-actinin, nebulin Associated with Troponin, Tropomyosin, Tropomodulin Thick filaments - Myosin: 2 Heavy / 4 light chains - Anchored to Z line by Titin - M line anchors: myomesin and C-proteins 4
5 This is an electron micrograph of a section through a sarcomere of a skeletal muscle fiber. Where in the sarcomere is the section taken? Z-line! of I band Portion of A band 5
6 Cardiac Muscle centrally placed nuclei - striations - branching - intercalated discs 4 Views of Intercalated Disks Intercalated Discs! Desmosomes (macula adherens)! on transverse and lateral membrane! cell attachment during contraction! Facia Adherens!on transverse membrane! actin attachment (1/2 Z line)! Gap junctions -! on lateral membrane -! spread of excitation from cell to cell Striated Muscle Contraction Thin Filament Tropomyosin: winds around actin hides actin-myosin binding site Troponin Complex Troponin T: interacts with Tropomyosin Troponin I: prevents myosin-actin binding Troponin C: binds Ca++, allowing myosin-actin binding 6
7 Thin Filament Tropomyosin Troponin Troponin T Troponin I Troponin C Striated Muscle Contraction 7
8 Contraction of Striated Muscle - Release of Calcium from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - Calcium binds to Troponin - Tropomyosin/Troponin shift to expose binding site -! Myosin head binds to Actin; Pi released -! Release of ADP from Myosin ---> POWERSTROKE -! Binding of ATP: Myosin detaches from Actin - Splitting of ATP---> ADP + PI; Myosin head is reset Excitation-Contraction Coupling T tubules Sarcoplasmic reticulum: Calcium Triads Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and T-tubules 8
9 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum How is Ca ++ released from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum? - Excitation-contraction coupling: release of calcium from internal stores Motor Neuron Nerve Action Potential Synapse Neuromuscular Junction Neurotransmitter (ACh) Receptors (AChR) Muscle Action Potential Transverse Tubules Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium release 9
10 Smooth Muscle! Spindle shaped (fusiform)! Nonstriated (smooth) - Contractile proteins are less organized! Contractile proteins anchored at densities - Contractile proteins bind to Dense Bodies! Gap Junctions between cells Smooth Muscle 10
11 Smooth Muscle Contraction - Actin filaments are associated with tropomyosin but Not Troponin Smooth Muscle Contraction -Myosin interacts with actin only when the myosin light chains are phosphorylated 11
12 Smooth Muscle Excitation-Contraction 1) Excitation=> Ca ++ influx 2) Ca ++ binds Calmodulin 3) Ca ++ -Calmodulin activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK ) 4) MLCK phosphorylates myosin light chains 5) Myosin binds actin => contraction Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contraction Nonneural regulation Hormonal: Oxytocin- uterine contraction Nitric Oxide (NO): Produced by endothelial cells of arterioles Relaxes smooth muscle Nonneural regulation Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contraction Hormonal: Oxytocin- uterine contraction Nitric Oxide (NO): Produced by endothelial cells of arterioles Relaxes smooth muscle Mice have been produced whose enos (endothelial cell NO synthase) genes been "knocked out. Predict the blood pressure levels of these mice. Nitric Oxide ----> increased [cgmp] activates a kinase inhibits Ca ++ influx into smooth muscle cell decreased calcium-calmodulin stimulation of MLCK decreased phosphorylation of myosin light chains decreased smooth muscle tension development vasodilation (expansion of vessel lumen) 12
13 Nitric Oxide ----> increased [cgmp] activates a kinase inhibits Ca ++ influx into smooth muscle cell decreased calcium-calmodulin stimulation of MLCK decreased phosphorylation of myosin light chains decreased smooth muscle tension development Drugs that inhibit the breakdown of cgmp potentiate (increase) the effects of NO actions on target cells. EXAMPLE: Viagra and other inhibitors of cgmp-dependent phosphodiesterase vasodilation (expansion of vessel lumen) What would be the effect of drugs that inhibit the breakdown of cgmp? 13
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The Sliding Filament Theory Model 1: Muscle Histology Review How do muscle cells contract? Use your knowledge of muscle tissue histology to fill in the blanks numbered 1-11 with the following terms: Fasicle,
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