Cilj palijativne resekcije mo e biti 1) eliminacija ili. rezime ... Palijativne operacije zbog karcinoma plu}a /STRU^NI RAD
|
|
- Clement Golden
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 /STRU^NI RAD Palijativne operacije zbog karcinoma plu}a... D. Suboti}, D. Mandari}. Klinika za grudnu hirurgiju, Institut za plu}ne bolesti KC Srbije Cilj palijativne resekcije mo e biti 1) eliminacija ili ubla avanje postoje}ih simptoma bez o~ekivanog produ enja pre ivljavanja; 2) re{avanje urgentnog stanja i 3) uspostavljanje ili odr avanje dobrog kvaliteta ivota. Ovu vrstu operacije treba razlikovati od inkompletne resekcije kod koje, iako je planirana kao kurativna resekcija, postoje tumorom zahva}eni resekcioni rubovi na nivou bronha, krvnog suda, zida grudnog ko{a ili pozitivna najdistalnija limfna lezda. Sa klini~kog aspekta, najpogodnija klasifikacija ovih operacija mo e se izvr{iti prema indikacijama na bazi dominantnog patolo{kog nalaza. Indikacije mogu biti: 1) tumori bez vanplu}ne propagacije; 2) tumori sa direktnim zahvatanjem susednih organa; 3) metastatska zahva}enost grudnih ili udaljenih organa; 4) tumori plu}a udru eni sa nemalignom patologijom (supuracija, empijem pleure). Palijativne operacije zbog karcinoma plu}a imaju svoje mesto kod malog broja pa ljivo izabranih bolesnika. Ovu vrstu operacija treba izbegavati uvek kada je to mogu}e, tj. kada drugi, manje invazivni, nehirur{ki postupci omogu}avaju sli~an kvalitet palijacije. Klju~ne re~i: palijativna, operacija, karcinom plu}a rezime UVOD Cilj palijativne resekcije mo e biti 1) eliminacija ili ubla avanje postoje}ih simptoma bez o~ekivanog produ enja pre ivljavanja; 2) re{avanje urgentnog stanja i 3) uspostavljanje ili odr avanje dobrog kvaliteta ivota. Ovu vrstu operacije treba razlikovati od inkompletne resekcije kod koje, iako je planirana kao kurativna resekcija, postoje tumorom zahva}eni resekcioni rubovi na nivou bronha, krvnog suda, zida grudnog ko{a ili pozitivna najdistalnija limfna lezda 1. U praksi se jedan broj kompletnih resekcija svrstava u ovu kategoriju ukoliko se, izvesno vreme posle operacije, konstatuje da se kod bolesnika radilo o rai{renoj malignoj bolesti, a operacija je uradjena naj~e{}e zbog neadekvatne preoperativne klini~ke procene. Sa klini~kog aspekta, najpogodnija klasifikacija ovih operacija mo e se izvr{iti prema indikacijama na bazi dominantnog patolo{kog nalaza. Indikacije mogu biti: 1) tumori bez vanplu}ne propagacije; 2) tumori sa direktnim zahvatanjem susednih organa; 3) metastatska zahva}enost grudnih ili udaljenih organa; 4) tumori plu}a udru eni sa nemalignom patologijom (supuracija, empijem pleure). 1. TUMORI BEZ VANPLU]NE PROPAGACIJE Hemoptizije Oko 30% karcinoma plu}a dovodi do delimi~ne ili potpune opstrukcije velikog disajnog puta pra}ene respiratornim distresom, krvarenjem ili infekcijom 2. Masivne hemoptizije redje nastaju tokom spontane evolucije nele-~enog karcinoma plu}a, ~e{}e su posledica vaskulo-bronhijalne fistule posle zra~ne terapije, kada ni sufokacija nije tako retka. Kod bolesnika sa perzistiraju}im hemoptizijama obi~no ima dovoljno vremena za kontrolu situacije razli~itim bronhoskopskim postupcima 3,4. Bronhoskopska orijentacija je uvek neophodna. Na osnovu bronhoskopskog nalaza i raspolo ive radiografske dokumentacije potrebno je odlu~iti da li kod bolesnika dolazi u obzir operacija ili ne. U oba slu~aja, u cilju neposrednog zaustav-ljanja krvarenja mo e se primeniti bilo tkivni lepak (Beriplast), bronhijalni bloker, selektivna intubacija kontralateralnog bronhijalnog stabla ili embolizacija bronhijalnih arterija. Nove generacije bronhijalnih blokera koje se uvode fiberopti~kim bronhoskopom, omogu}avaju precizno plasiranje u segmentni ili subsegmentni bronh, {to znatno doprinosi efikasnosti postupka. 5,6 Masivne hemoptizije po definiciji predstavljaju iska{ljavanje ml krvi/24h. Medjutim, ovakva definicija ima ograni~en klini~ki zna- ~aj. Na primer, koli~ina od 200 ml krvi mo e zna~iti da je 200 ml krvi iska{ljano za 24h, ali je mogu}e da 180 ml krvi bude iska{ljano tokom poslednjih 10 min.
2 60 D. Subotic i sar. ACI Vol. LIII Ponavljano iska{ljavanje manje koli~ine krvi zahteva oprez, jer mo e prethoditi masivnim hemoptizijama. Mortalitet kod hemoptizija: 600 ml za 4h, Mt = 71%; 600 ml za 4-16h, Mt = 22%; 600 ml za 16 48h; Mt = 5% Ukoliko postoje te a pridru ena sr~ana i plu}na obo-ljenja, tolerancija za fiziolo{ki i psiholo{ki stres je smanjena, tako da i manje koli~ine krvi mogu biti opasne po ivot. Kod bolesnika sa karcinomom plu}a i masivnim hemoptizijama, neophodno je u kratkom periodu orijentisati se o nekoliko va nih elemenata: plu}na oboljenja (resp. rezerva) sr~ana slabost koagulopatije nos, sinusi propharynx Istovremeno, mora se proceniti: - da li dolazi u obzir operacija i da li resekcija mo e biti kompletna, - kako zaustaviti krvarenje Zbog svega navedenog, palijativna operacije plu}a zbog hemoptizija kod bolesnika sa karcinomom retko je indikovana. Ona mo e biti opravdana jedino ukoliko embolizacija bronhijalnih arterija nije uspela ili nije bila mogu}a iz bilo kog razloga, a u momentu operacije radiografski, bronhoskopski i ostali klini~ki nalaz nije ukazivao na ina~e postoje}u ra{irenu malignu bolest (hitan prijem, masivne hemoptizije, nepotpuna dokumentacija). Ukoliko u momentu hitne operacije ve} postoji aspiraciona pneumonija na strani tumora, ali u onom delu plu}a koji se ne odstranjuje operacijom, treba uzeti u obzir znatno povi{en rizik nastanka respiracijske insuficijencije posle operacije i obim resekcije svesti na onaj koji re{ava uzrok hemoptizija. Na primer, ukoliko se kod ovakvog bolesnika planira lobektomija sa resekcijom zida, operaciju je opravdano zavr{iti samo lobektomijom, jer bi dodatna resekcija zida zahtevala mehani~ku ventilaciju uz veoma neizvestan ishod le~enja. U ovoj situaciji samo lobektomija predstavlja adekvatnu palijaciju po ivot opasnih hemoptizija (slika 1). Postojanje masivne aspiracione pneumonije u zdravom plu}u kod bolesnika kod koga dolazi u obzir samo pneumonektomija, predstavlja kontraindikaciju ~ak i za palijativnu operaciju (slike 2 i 3). Kod bolesnika sa ina~e resektabilnim tumorima i masivnim hemoptizijama, plu}na resekcija se mo e ozna~iti kao palijativna ako je tumor pra}en drugim manifestacijama koje isklju~uju potencijalno kurativnu operaciju (solitarne podko ne metastaze, evidentna kontralateralna medijastinalna adenopatija). Jedna od prihvatljivih opcija kod bolesnika sa recidiviraju}im hemoptizijama usled lokalno uznapredovalog tumora je preliminarna endoskopska palijacija. Primenom inicijalne laser resekcije i indukcione HT uz operaciju plu}a, trogodi{nje pre ivljavanje mo e dosti}i 52% uz operativni mortalitet od 5.5% 7. SLIKA 1 1 = TUMOR U DESNOM GORNJEM RE@NJU SA DE- STRUKCIJOM REBARA; 2 = ASPIRACIONA PNEU- MONIJA U SREDNJEM I DONJEM RE@NJU SLIKA 2. STRELICA OZNA^AVA CENTRALNO LOKALIZOVAN TUMOR U HILUSU DESNOG PLU]A Kavitacija-supuracija Kod bolesnika sa radiografskim nalazom kavitarnih promena u plu}ima, postojanje tumora plu}a mo e, a ne mora biti pre operacije i histolo{ki potvrdjeno. Kod bolesnika sa ovakvim lezijama i izra enim simptomima plu}ne infekcije, obi~no je mogu}a kompletna resekcija ukoliko se kasnije ispostavi da se u stvari radilo o karcinomu. Kod ovih bolesnika, iako je operacijom eliminisan izvor plu}ne infekcije i uporni simptomi, operacija plu}a nije palijativna (slika 4). Prava palijativna operacija zbog kavitarne promene u plu}u bila bi resekcija re nja u kome se nalazi kavitacija, uz nemogu}nost odstranjenja eventualno postoje}e maligne infiltracije medijastinuma koja je naj~e{}e posledica postojanja konfluentnih medijastinalnih lezda koje {iroko infiltruju perikard (slika 5).
3 Br. 3 Palijativne operacije zbog karcinoma pluca 61 SLIKA 3 (ISTI BOLESNIK KAO NA SLICI 2) STRELICE OZNA^AVAJU ASPIRACIONU PNEUMONIJU U SUPROTNOM PLU]U SLIKA 4 A = EKSKAVIRANI TUMOR U DESNOM GORNJEM RE@NJU ^ak i kod bolesni-ka sa jako izra enim simptomima ova vrsta operacije je veoma retko indikovana. Kod bolesnika sa histolo{ki potvrdjenim kavitarnim, lokalno uznapredovalim tumorima, klini~ki tok odgovara jednom visoko simptomatskom apscesu plu}a kao posledica a) nekroti~nog tumora; b) apscesa distalno od tumorske opstrukcije u bronhu. Palijativna operacija je retko indikovana. Prihvatljivije su druge opcije u cilju otklanjanja proksimalne opstrukcije - endobronhijalna laser terapija ili perkutana drena a apscesa TUMORI SA DIREKTNIM ZAHVATANJEM SUSED- NIH ORGANA Zahva}enost zida grudnog ko{a Palijativne operacije su indikovane naj~e{}e kod bolesnika sa zahvatanjem ki~menog stuba ili predela superior sulcus-a. Kod bolesnika sa neizdr ivim bolovima zbog tumora koji zahvataju rebra ili pr{ljenove, koji su pra}eni evidentnom medijastinalnom limfadenopatijom ili udaljenim metastazama, terapija izbora su nehirur{ki postupci kao npr. perkutana zra~na terapija ili primena narkotika. Ako zahva}eni ili razoreni torakalni pr{ljenovi vr{e ekstraduralnu kompresiju, u pa ljivo odabranoj grupi bolesnika mo e se poku{ati resekcija primarnog tumora plu}a i tela pr{ljena sa ili bez brahiterapije (slika 6). U ovakvoj situaciji kod najve}eg broja bolesnika tokom 3 do 6 meseci dolazi do relapsa tumora 9. Kada razoreni deo zahvata vi{e od tri anatomske zone prema Kostuik-u i Errico-u, ki~ma je nestabilna i neophodan je neki od rekonstruktivnih postupaka, bilo prednjim, bilo zadnjim pristupom 10. Dugo je laminektomija predstavljala jedini postupak kod metastatskih tumora ki~me, ali je pokazano da efekat laminektomije nije bolji od efekta zra~ne terapije 11, kao i da nije dovoljna samo dekompresija, ve} da je treba kombinovati sa nekim od postupaka stabilizacije 12. Dobri rezultati rekonstruktivnih postupaka prednjim pristupom koje je prvi objavio Harrington 13, potvrdjeni su u kasnijim studijama 14,15,16. Chen je primenom prednje vertebralne korporektomije i rekonstrukcije sa metil-metakrilatnim ko{tanim cementom i Zielke-ovim VDS unutra{- njim fiksatorom, kod 60 bolesnika tokom 12 godina postigao dobru palijaciju 67% bolesnika ivelo je du e od 6 meseci, a 30% du e od godinu dana; pre ivljavanje 12 bolesnika sa karcinomom plu}a bilo je 7 meseci, u odnosu na pre ivljavanje od 6 meseci kod 10 operisanih iz Rush Medical Center, Chicago 17. Indikacije za kombinovano hirur{ko le~enje tumora plu- }a i ki~menog stuba su: jaki bolovi, kompresija ki~mene mo dine i prete}i kolaps prljenskog tela. Ako je lezija ograni~ena na deo pr{ljenskog tela, preporu~uje se prednji pristup. Ako se promene pru aju ka zadnjem delu ki~me, preporu~uje se kombinovan prednje-zadnji pristup uz resekciju zahva}enog dela i stabilizaciju. Ako je zahva}eno vi{e pr{ljenova (metastatski), kod bolesnika sa naru{enim op{tim stanjem, metod izbora je samo zadnji pristup sa laminektomijom uz zadnju stabilizaciju i fiksaciju metilmetakrilatom. Po primeni laminektomije i zadnje stabilizacije zbog metastatskih lezija koje zahvataju 1-2 pr{ljena, o~ekuje se ambulatorni period od 4.5 meseca 18. [to se ti~e superior sulcus-tumora, prema najnovijim rezultatima iz Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center-a, medju mnogim analiziranim faktorima (preoperativna zra~na terapija u odnosu na operaciju bez zra~ne terapije, postoperativna zra~na terapija u odnosu na operaciju bez ove terapije, T3 u odnosu na T4 tumore, lobektomija u odnosu na resekciju manjeg obima, N1/2 : N0), jedino je kompletna resekcija (u odnosu na inkompletnu) potvrdjena kao zna~ajan prognosti~ki faktor multifaktorskom analizom 19. Isto tako, lo{e op{te stanje je indikator lo{e prognoze, a udaljene metastaze postoje kod 50% bolesnika kod kojih dolazi u obzir hirur{ko le~enje. Zbog toga je jasno da je odluka za palijativnu operaciju kod bolesnika sa tumorima u ovoj regiji delikatnija u odnosu na druge regije, upravo ako se ima u vidu lo{e pre ivljavanje i kvalitet ivota ope-
4 62 D. Subotic i sar. ACI Vol. LIII SLIKA 5 STRELICA A) OZNA^AVA PERIFERNI EKSKAVIRANI TUMOR KOJI JE UZROK HEMOPTIZIJA SLIKA 6 1 = KI^MENA MO@DINA OSLOBODJENA OD TUMORA; 2 = PROTEZA KOJOM JE ZAMENJEN DEFEKT ZIDA GRUDNOG KO[A NASTAO UKLANJANJEM TUMORA 3 = zid grudnog koa po zatvaranju medurebarnog pros- risanih sa inkompletnom resekcijom 20,21,22. ^e{}i je slu~aj da, operacije planirane kao potencijalno kurativne, u stvari budu palijativne zbog pozitivnog resekcionog ruba, naj- ~e{}e u predelu spoja rebara sa ki~menim pr{ljenovima. Kod velikog broja Pancoast tumora nije lako posti}i zdrave resekcione rubove na nivou ko{tanih i mekotkivnih struktura (slika 7). Zahva}enost jednjaka Tumori plu}a mogu zahvatiti jednjak sa ili bez nastanka ezofagorespiratorne fistule. U oba slu~aja, palijacija je terapijski cilj i to: prevencija ponavljanih aspiracija, re{avanje prete}e disfagije i uspostavljanje sposobnosti gutanja. U jednoj od najve}ih serija malignih ezofagorespiratornih fistula (207 bolesnika u periodu od 62 godine), 78% fistula bilo je zbog karcinoma jednjaka, a 16% zbog karcinoma plu}a. Od 3543 bolesnika sa karcinomom jednjaka, MERF je nastala kod 4.5% bolesnika; od bolesnika sa karcinomom plu}a, u~estalost MERF bila je 0.3% 23. U retkim slu~ajevima, karcinomi jednjaka i plu}a su udru eni. Karcinom plu}a postoji kod % obolelih sa skvamocelularnim karcinomom jednjaka 24,25,26. U Feketevoj seriji 5-godi{nje pre ivljavanje operisanih sa sinhronim tumorima i kurativnom operacijom bilo je 11%, u odnosu na pre ivljavanje od 18 meseci kod bolesnika le~enih palijativnom terapijom; kod bolesnika sa metahronim tumorima, 5-godi{nje pre ivljavanje operisanih sa kurativnom operacijom u odnosu na palijativno le~ene bilo je 17% : 11% 27. Nije uvek lako razlikovati tumore poreklom od bronhijalne mukoze, koji se smatraju primarnim karcinomima, od endobronhijalnih metastaza koje ~ine oko 5% svih metastatskih tumora plu}a. Ako se planira lobektomija i ezofagektomija, to se mo e uraditi u jednom ili u dva akta. Plu}ne komplikacije posle ezofagektomije dosti u 40%. Ne postoji standardni metod re{avanja MERF. Resekcija se u principu ne preporu~uje. Izgleda da isklju~ivanje jednjaka putem gastrostomije i cervikalne ezofagostomije, uz neku od by-pass procedura, pru a bolju palijaciju od ostalih na~ina le~enja 28. Efekat zra~ne i hemoterapije u ovoj situaciji jo{ nije do kraja sagledan. Ezofagealna intubacija primenom push-through tehnike kod bolesnika sa MERF pra}ena je mortalitetom od 25-35%. Primena self-expandable stentova izgleda da je prihvatljivo re{enje kod ovih bolesnika. Mo e se poku{ati i plasiranje tkivnog lepka u fistulozni trakt 29. Zahva}enost gornje {uplje vene (VCS) Preoperativno planirana rekonstrukcija gornje {uplje vene vr{i se kod manje od 1% bolesnika sa nesitno}elijskim karcinomom desnog plu}a. Cilj ovakve operacije je odr avanje venske drena e gornjeg dela tela i spre~avanje fatalnih neurolo{kih komplikacija. Elektivne operacije su retke, jer primena endovaskularnih stentova kao alternative ovim operacijama, predstavlja manje invazivni postupak, sa pribli nim funkcionalnim rezultatom i pre ivljavanjem. Kontraindikacija za palijativnu resekciju je obturirana gornja {uplja vena sa formiranom bogatom kolateralnom venskom cirkulacijom 30. Ako se zahva}enost VCS inoperabilnim tumorom plu}a utvrdi tokom operacije, hirur{ka rekonstrukcija je kontraindikovana. Rekonstrukcija VCS kao palijativna operacija vr{i se samo izuzetno. Tipi~an slu~aj bio bi bolesnik sa lokalno uznapredovalim, ali resektabilnim tumorom, kod koga je zahva}enost VCS gre{kom protuma~ena kao adherencija od strane tumora. Ukoliko se definitivnom operativnom histologijom potvrde metastaze (ili direktna zahva}enost) N3 lezda, ovakva operacija je u stvari palijativna. Hirur{ki pristup je desna torakotomija kroz 5. icp. Mo e se uraditi bilo tangencijalno klemovanje krvnog suda sa parcijalnom resekcijom i suturom, ili zamena zahva}enog segmenta VCS. Mo e se koristiti autogeni venski ili perikardni graft, kao i protetski graft 31,32.
5 Br. 3 Palijativne operacije zbog karcinoma pluca METASTATSKA ZAHVA}ENOST INTRATHORAKALNIH ILI UDALJENIH ORGANA SLIKA 7 PANCOAST- TUMOR *(POSTOJE]E CIFRE POSTOJE NA ORIG. SKENERU, TJ. NISU UNETE OD STRANE AUTORA) SLIKA 8 PIOPNEUMOTORAKS LEVO STANJE PRI PRIJEMU BOLESNIKA Zahva}enost perikarda Tumori plu}a mogu biti udru eni sa masivnim, upornim pleuralnim izlivom, sa ili bez pleuroskopskog nalaza karcinoze pleure. U odsustvu karcinoze, takav izliv, ~ak i ako dovodi do te{ke dispnee, ne isklju~uje resekciju plu}a. Masivan, simptomatski perikardni izliv kod bolesnika sa inoperabilnm tumorima plu}a, le~i se ponavljanim perikardnim punkcijama sa ili bez aplikacije citostatika. U retkim slu~ajevima infiltracija ili trakcija perikarda od strane plu}nog tumora mo e dovesti do te{ke i refrakterne aritmije. Kod jednog broja bolesnika, posle resekcije plu}a i odstranjenja zahva}enog dela perikarda, aritmija mo e nestati. Iako, naravno cilj bilo kakve torakotomije ne mo e biti eliminacija aritmije, ponekad resekcija ima i ovakav efekat. Operacije metastaza karcinoma plu}a obi~ no se indikuju sa kurativnim ciljem. Ove operacije su retko palijativne, izuzev kod bolesnika kod kojih je prva operacija u~injena zbog metastaze, a kasnije se ispostavilo da je primarni tumor iresektabilan iz bilo kog razloga. Rebra, pr{ljenovi Kod bolesnika sa lokalno uznapredovalim karcinomom plu}a, metastaze u jednom ili vi{e rebara ne predstavljaju indikaciju za operaciju. Kod njih dolazi u obzir palijativna zra~na terapija. Hirur{ko le~enje mo e eventualno do}i u obzir kod bolesnika sa izuzetno jakim bolovima usled destrukcije rebra, ako zra~na terapija iz bilo kog razloga nije mogu}a. [to se ti~e hirur{kog ristupa metastatskim promenama u pr{ljenovima, pristup se ne razlikuje od prethodno opisanog u slu~aju direktne zahva}enosti tumorom. Metastaze u mozgu U~estalostmodanih metastaza nemikrocelularnog karcinoma plu}a je 40-60% na obdukcijskim serijama. One se tokom evolucije bolesti utvrde kod 25-30% bolesnika. Hirur{ko le~enje mogu}e je samo kod oko 25% bolesnika sa metastazama u mozgu 33. Petogodi{nje pre ivljavanje operisanih sa metahronim metastazama u mozgu je 21-45% 34. Mesto hirur{kog le- ~enja sinhronih metastaza u mozgu jo{ nije sagledano. Usavr{avanjem operativne tehnike operativni morbiditet i mortalitet zna~ajno su smanjeni operativni mortalitet 0-3%. Kod bolesnika sa palijativnom operacijom (iresektabilan primarni tumor ili posle RT/HT), srednje pre ivljavanje je 9.1 mesec u odnosu na 25.7 meseci kod bolesnika sa resektabilnim primarnim tumorom 35. Nov alternativni pristup predstavlja stereotakti~ko zra- ~enje (radiosurgery) sa ili bez klasi~nog zra~enja mozga. Ova nova tehnika predstavlja fokusiranje zra~enja na odredjenu zonu mozga, smanjuju}i izlaganje zra~enju o~uvanog okolnog tkiva mozga RESEKCIJA PLU]A POSLE EMPIJEMA PLEURE Dok je postoperativni empijem pleure vode}i ili drugi po u~estalosti oblik empijema kod odraslih, empijem koji predstavlja komplikaciju prirodnog toka karcinoma plu}a redje nastaje 37,38,39. On je rejdi i od empijema koji nastaje tokom i posle HT/RT kod bolesnika sa inoperabilnim tumorima. Postojanje empijema pleure ne isklju~uje uvek resekciju plu}a. [tavi{e, resekcija plu}a zbog karcinoma, po zavr{enom le~enju empijema pleure, mo e biti opravdana jedino ako se planira potencijalno kurativna resekcija. Resekcija plu}a posle empijema pleure mo e se ozna~iti kao palijativna ukoliko postoperativne komplikacije ili op{te stanje bolesnika ne dozvoljavaju primenu odgovaraju}e adjuvantne terapije.
6 64 D. Subotic i sar. ACI Vol. LIII Postoje dve grupe bolesnika sa NSCLC i pridru enim empijemom pleure kod kojih mo e do}i u obzir hirur{ko le~enje: 1) bolesnici kod kojih empijem nije prepoznat pre operacije i 2) bolesnici kod kojih je empijem prepoznat pre operacije. Kod bolesnika kod kojih empijem nije prepoznat pre operacije, ekskavirani karcinom obi~no dovodi do lokalizovanog empijema neposredno uz tumor, tako da je razlikovanje izmedju tumorske senke i senke empijema vrlo te{- ko. Kod ovih bolesnika operativno polje je kontaminirano, verovatno}a postoperativnog empijema visoka, a mogu}- nost primene postoperativne adjuvantne terapije minimalna. Zbog toga su {anse u pogledu pre ivljavanja kod ovih bolesnika smanjene, ~ak i posle kompletne resekcije. Ovakva operacija je u stvari palijativna, jer eliminisanje simptoma infekcije (uzrokovanih lokalizovanim empijemom) nije pra}eno pove}anim {ansama u pogledu pre- ivljavanja. Kod bolesnika kod kojih je empijem prepoznat pre operacije, karcinom plu}a mo e biti utvrdjen pre, za vreme ili posle le~enja empijema. Kod ovih bolesnika operativno polje je potencijalno kontaminirano (slike8 i 9). U jednoj od retkih objavljenih studija ovog problema, Riquet iznosi rezultate le~enja 18 bolesnika sa istovremenim prisustvom empijema i karcinoma plu}a (u~estalost 7.9%) u periodu od 12 godina. Kod 9 operisanih iz ove serije (8 pneumonektomija, 1 lobektomija), OpMt bio je 0% uz 2 postoperativna empijema. Jedan bolesnik je pre iveo 5 godina 40. U na{oj seriji od 4 bolesnika kod kojih je pneumonektomija uradjena posle empijema pleure, operacija je kod 3 bolesnika bila potencijalno kurativna a kod jednog palijativna, jer zbog mikrofistule nije mogla biti primenjena planirana adjuvantna terapija. Operativni mortalitet je bio 0% uz dva postoperativna empijema (jedan kod bolesnika sa empijemom neprepoznatim pre operacije, jedan kod bolesnika sa dijabetom). Ukratko, resekcija plu}a u prisustvu lokalno uznapredovalog NSCLC sa kontaminacijom operativnog polja mo e biti palijativna ili potencijalno kurativna. Glavni problemi su: a) vreme potrebno za re{avanje empijema i obliteraciju pleuralnog prostora uz istovremenu evoluciju ve} uznapredovalog tumora; b) adjuvantna terapija nije uvek mogu}a; c) pneumonektomija je pra}ena povi{enim operativnim morbiditetom ZAKLJU^AK SLIKA 9 (isti bolesnik kao na sl. 8) PO POSTIZANJU REEKSPANZIJE PLU]A DRENA@OM, VIDI SE CENTRALNI TUMOR LEVOG PLU]A (1=tumor; 2=truncus a. pulmonalis; 3=ushodna aorta; 4 = v. cava superior) Palijativne operacije zbog karcinoma plu}a imaju svoje mesto kod malog broja pa ljivo izabranih bolesnika. Ovu vrstu operacija treba izbegavati uvek kada je to mogu}e, tj. kada drugi, manje invazivni, nehirur{ki postupci omogu}avaju sli~an kvalitet palijacije. SUMMARY PALLIATIVE OPERATIONS FOR LUNG CANCER The goal of the palliative resection can be threefold: relief of symptoms without expected survival benefit, obviation of an urgent situation and maintenance or restoration of a good quality survival. Clear distinction should be made between this type of operation and incomplete resection: in spite of a curative intent, the latter type of operation is characterized either by residual disease or positive most distal lymph node station. Classification of palliative operations for lung cancer based on the underlying pathology seems to be most suitable for clinical use: 1) tumours without extrapulmonary extension; 2) tumours with direct involvement of adjacent organs; 3) metastatic involvement of intrathoracic or distant organs; 4) lung tumours associated with nonmalignant pathology (lung suppuration, pleural empyema). Although palliative operations for lung cancer can be considered in carefully selected patients, they should always be avoided if other, less aggressive non-surgical procedures offer the same quality of palliation. Key words: palliative, operation, lung cancer BIBLIOGRFIJA 1. Ginsberg RJ, Goldberg M, Waters P: Surgery for non-small cell lung cancer. In: Ruckdeschel and Roth editors. Thoracic oncology. WB Saunders, 1988: Minna JD, Higgins GA, Glainstein EJ: Cancer of the lung. In: De Vita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA editors. Cancer principles and practice of oncology. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, p Coulter T, Dasgupta A, Mehta AC: The heat is on: does eletrocautery reduces the need for Nd:YAG laser photoresection? Chest 1998; 114: , Sutedja TG, Van Boxem TJ, Schramel FM et al: Endobronchial electrocautery is an excellent alternative for Nd:YAG lases to treat airway tumors. J Bronchol 1997; 4: Susanto I: Managing a patient with hemoptysis. Journal of Bronchology 2002; 9: Arndt GE, Buchika S, Kranner PW, De Lessio S: Wire-guided endobronchial blockade in a patient with a limited mouth opening. Can J Anesth 1999; 46: 87-9.
7 Br. 3 Palijativne operacije zbog karcinoma pluca Venuta F, Rendina EA, De Giacomo T et al: Endoscopic treatment of lung cancer invading the airway before induction chemotherapy and surgical resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20: Moghissi K, Dixon K, Stringer M, et al: The place of bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy in advanced unresectable lung cancer. Experience of 100 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15: Mc Cormack PM, Bains MS. Martini N: Methods of skeletal reconstruction following resection of lung carcinomas invading the chest wall.surg Clin North Am 1987; 67: Kostuik JP, Errico TJ, Gleason TF: Spinal stabilization of vertebral column tumors. Spine 1988; 14: Black P: Spinal metastasis: current status and recommended guidelines for management. Neurosurgery 1979; 5: Perrin RG, Mc Broom RJ: Anterior versus posterior decompression for symptomatic spinal metastasis Can J Neurol Sci 1987; 14: Harrington KD: Metastatic disease of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1986; 68: De Wald RL, Bridewell KH, et al: Reconstructive spinal surgery as a palliation for metastatic malignancies of the spine. Spine 1985; 10: Fidler MV: Anterior decompression and stabilization of metastatic spinal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg 1986; 68: Hammerberg KW: Surgical treatment of metastatic spine disease. Spine 1992; 17: Chen LH, Chen WJ, Niu CC, Shih CH: Anterior reconstructive spinal surgery with Zielke instrumentation for metastatic malignancies of the spine. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2000; 120: Shimizu K, Shikata J, Lida H, Iwasaki R, Yoshikawa J, Yamamuro T: Posterior decompression and stabilization for multiple metastatic tumors of the spine. Spine 1992; 17: Rush V: Factors determining outcome after surgical resection of T3 and T4 lung cancers of the superior sulcus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 119: Saito Y, Hayakawa K, Nakayama Y et al: Radiation therapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer invading chest wall. Lung Cancer 1997; 18: Attar S, Krasna MJ, Sonett JR et al: Superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumor: experience with 105 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: Hagan MP, Choi NC, Mathisen DJ et al: Superior sulcus lung tumors: impact of local control on survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 117: Burt M, Diehl W, Martini N et al: Malignant esophagorespiratory fistula: management options and survival. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 52: Elias D, Mankarios H, Lasser P, Kac J, Rougier P, Luboinski B: Cancers oepidermoides de l oesophage operes: incidence elevee des neoplasies associees. Presse med 1992; 21: Morimoto M, Ohno T, Yamashita Y, Honda M, Asada S: Two surgical cases of synchronous double carcinoma of the lung and the esophagus and review of 10 documented cases in Japan. Nippon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1991; 39: Fukuda H, Ogino N, Takao T, Kobayashi S, Kido T: A case report of synchronous cancer of the lung and the esophagus. Nippon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1990; 38: Fekete F, Sauvanet A, Kaisserian G, Jauffret B et al: Associated primary esophageal and lung carcinoma: a study of 39 patients. AnnThorac Surg 1994; 58: Symbas PN, McKeown PP, Hatcher CR, et al: Tracheoesophageal fistula from carcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 38: Deviere J, Quarre JP, Love J et al: Self-expandable stent and injection of tissue adhesive for malignant bronchoesophageal fistula. Gastrointest Endosc 1994; 40: Gonzales-Fajardo JA et al: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107: 1044.). 31. Warren WH, Piccione W, Faber LP: Superior vena caval reconstruction using autologous pericardium. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: Dartevelle P et al.: Long-term follow-up after prosthetic replacement of the superior vena cava combined with resection of the mediastinal- pulmonary malignant tumors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 102: Cairncross JG, Kim JH, Posner JB: Radiation therapy for brain metastases. Ann Neurol 1980; 7: Hankins JR, Miller JE, Saloman M, Ferraro F, Green DC, Attar S et al: Surgical management of lung cancer with solitary brain metastasis. Ann Thorac Surg 1988; 6: Andrews,RJ, Gluck DS, Konchingeri RH: Surgical rsection of brain metastases from lung cancer. Acta Neurochir (Wien)1996; 138: Mehta MP, Rozental JM, Levin AB et al: Defining the role of radio-surgery in the management of brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Byol Phys 1992; 24: Lemmer JH, Botham MJ, Orringer MB: Modern management of adult pleural empyema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985; 90: Emerson JD, Boruchow IB, Daicoff GR, Bartley TD, Wheat MW: Empyema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1971; 62: Alfageme I, Munoz F, Pena N, Umbria S: Empyema of the thorax in adults. Etiology, microbiologic findings and management. Chest 1993; 103: Riquet M, Hubsch JP, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Abitbol P et al: Pleuresies purulentes et cancer du poumon. Rev Mal Respir 1999; 16: NAPOMENA - predavanje po pozivu odr ano na kongresu European Respirartory Society, Stockholm 2002.
Colorectal cancer is the second most common form of. rezime ...
/STRU^NI RAD UDK 616.348-006.04-089-036 DOI: 10.2298/ACI1201031H Influence of second or multiple tumours on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.... Philipp Hildebrand, Janina Humke, Elisabeth
More informationTHE RETROPERITONEAL APPROACH TO THE ABDOMINAL AORTA
ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. UDK 617 Review article ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. 2005; 22 (3): 115-119 A. Nevelsteen, I. Fourneau, K. Daenens Dept. of Vascular Surgery, Univ. Hosp. Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium THE
More informationMediastinal Staging. Samer Kanaan, M.D.
Mediastinal Staging Samer Kanaan, M.D. Overview Importance of accurate nodal staging Accuracy of radiographic staging Mediastinoscopy EUS EBUS Staging TNM Definitions T Stage Size of the Primary Tumor
More informationUloga obiteljskog liječnika u prepoznavanju bolesnika s neuroendokrinim tumorom
Uloga obiteljskog liječnika u prepoznavanju bolesnika s neuroendokrinim tumorom Dr.sc. Davorin Pezerović OB Vinkovci 11.05.2017. For Za uporabu use by Novartisovim speakers predavačima and SAMO appropriate
More informationThe right middle lobe is the smallest lobe in the lung, and
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Impact of Superior Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastases on Prognosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Located in the Right Middle Lobe Yukinori Sakao, MD, PhD,* Sakae Okumura, MD,* Mun Mingyon,
More informationRevisit of Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the Trachea: Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis
Jpn J Clin Oncol 1997;27(5)305 309 Revisit of Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the Trachea: Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis -, -, - - 1 Chest Department and 2 Section of Thoracic Surgery,
More informationHead and Neck Cancer Surgery in Elderly: Complications and Survival Rate
Coll. Antropol. 36 (2012) Suppl. 2: 13 17 Original scientific paper Head and Neck Cancer Surgery in Elderly: Complications and Survival Rate Du{an Milisavljevi} 1, Milan Stankovi} 1, Mi{ko @ivi} 1 and
More informationRole of Surgery in Management of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. Dr. Ahmed Bamousa Consultant thoracic surgery Prince Sultan Military Medical City
Role of Surgery in Management of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Dr. Ahmed Bamousa Consultant thoracic surgery Prince Sultan Military Medical City Introduction Surgical approach Principle and type of surgery
More informationMEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL STAGE I PERIPHERAL NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER
MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL STAGE I PERIPHERAL NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER Tsuneyo Takizawa, MD a Masanori Terashima, MD a Teruaki Koike, MD a Hideki Akamatsu, MD a Yuzo
More informationMultiple mo`dane aneurizme
Broj 3 VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Strana 249 S T R U ^ N I ^ L A N C I UDC 616.831-007.64-031.13 Multiple mo`dane aneurizme Zoran Roganovi}, Goran Pavli}evi} Vojnomedicinska akademija, Klinika za neurohirurgiju,
More informationThe Value of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Pulmonary and Chest Wall Resection for Bronchogenic Carcinoma
The Value of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Pulmonary and Chest Wall Resection for Bronchogenic Carcinoma G. A. Patterson, M.D., R. Ilves, M.D., R. J. Ginsberg, M.D., J. D. Cooper, M.D., T. R. J. Todd, M.D.,
More informationBotulinum toxin A in the treatment of paralytic strabismus
Clinical Report Acta Ophthalmologica 2006; 32: 5-9 UDK 617.761-009.11-07-085:615.099/.9 Botulinum toxin A in the treatment of paralytic strabismus B. Stankovi}, G. Vlajkovi}, S. Popovi}, N. Mili} and M.
More informationChirurgie beim oligo-metastatischen NSCLC
24. Ärzte-Fortbildungskurs in Klinischer Onkologie 20.-22. Februar 2014, Kantonsspital St. Gallen Chirurgie beim oligo-metastatischen NSCLC Prof. Dr. med. Walter Weder Klinikdirektor Thoraxchirurgie, UniversitätsSpital
More informationColorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in. rezime ... Multimodal Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
/STRU^NI RAD 616.348/.351-006.06:616.36.089 Multimodal Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer... Irene Kuehrer University Clinic of Surgery, General Hospital of Vienna Background: Metastases to the
More informationTreatment of oligometastatic NSCLC
Treatment of oligometastatic NSCLC Jarosław Kużdżał Department of Thoracic Surgery Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow New idea? 14 NSCLC patients with solitary extrathoracic
More informationThe Hartmann s procedure originally was indicated for. rezime ... Laparoscopic-assisted reversal of Hartmann s procedure /STRU^NI RAD
/STRU^NI RAD UDK 616.35-006.04-089.84 DOI:10.2298/ACI1003059A Laparoscopic-assisted reversal of Hartmann s procedure... S. Achkasov, G. Vorobiev, A. Zhuchenko, M. Rinchinov. State Science Center of Coloproctology,
More informationPROBLEMS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF SURVEILLANCE OF SAFE IMMUNIZATION PRACTICE CONDUCTING
ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. UDK 615.371 Original article ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. 2005; 22 (1): 21-28 Zoran Veli~kovi}, Dragan Jankovi}, Miodrag Perovi}, Branislav Tiodorovi}, Nata{a Ran~i} Public Health Insitute
More informationHISTORY SURGERY FOR TUMORS WITH INVASION OF THE APEX 15/11/2018
30 EACTS Annual Meeting Barcelona, Spain 1-5 October 2016 SURGERY FOR TUMORS WITH INVASION OF THE APEX lung cancer of the apex of the chest involving any structure of the apical chest wall irrespective
More informationShort communication Kratko saopštenje UDK Medicus 2007; 8(2): EXPERIENCE IN TREATMENT OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA IN
Short communication Kratko saopštenje UDK 617.76-006.6-089 Medicus 2007; 8(2): 49-53 EXPERIENCE IN TREATMENT OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA IN ORBITAL REGION Predrag Kovacevic, Irena Jankovic Department for plastic
More informationLung Cancer Imaging. Terence Z. Wong, MD,PhD. Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 9/9/09
Lung Cancer Imaging Terence Z. Wong, MD,PhD Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 9/9/09 Acknowledgements Edward F. Patz, Jr., MD Jenny Hoang, MD Ellen L. Jones, MD, PhD Lung
More informationRigid Bronchoscopic Intervention in Patients with Respiratory Failure Caused by Malignant Central Airway Obstruction
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rigid Bronchoscopic Intervention in Patients with Respiratory Failure Caused by Malignant Central Airway Obstruction Kyeongman Jeon, MD, Hojoong Kim, MD, Chang-Min Yu, MD, Won-Jung Koh,
More informationLung Cancer Epidemiology. AJCC Staging 6 th edition
Surgery for stage IIIA NSCLC? Sometimes! Anne S. Tsao, M.D. Associate Professor Director, Mesothelioma Program Director, Thoracic Chemo-Radiation Program May 7, 2011 The University of Texas MD ANDERSON
More informationInduction Chemoradiation Therapy with Cisplatin plus Irinotecan Followed by Surgical Resection for Superior Sulcus Tumor
Original Article Induction Chemoradiation Therapy with Cisplatin plus Irinotecan Followed by Surgical Resection for Superior Sulcus Tumor Katsuhiko Shimizu, 1 Masao Nakata, 1 Ai Maeda, 1 Takuro Yukawa,
More informationLYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN SMALL PERIPHERAL ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE LUNG
LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN SMALL PERIPHERAL ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE LUNG Tsuneyo Takizawa, MD a Masanori Terashima, MD a Teruaki Koike, MD a Takehiro Watanabe, MD a Yuzo Kurita, MD b Akira Yokoyama, MD b Keiichi
More informationEVIDENCE BASED MANAGEMENT OF STAGE III NSCLC MILIND BALDI
EVIDENCE BASED MANAGEMENT OF STAGE III NSCLC MILIND BALDI Overview Introduction Diagnostic work up Treatment Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Stage III lung cancer Historically was defined as locoregionally advanced
More informationER/PR** Gradus Starost* Komentar
MINIMALNE KLINIČKE PREPORUKE ZA DIJAGNOSTIKU, LEČENJE, ADJUVANTNU TERAPIJU I PRAĆENJE PACIJENATA SA PRIMARNIM KARCINOMOM DOJKE Incidenca Standardizovana stopa incidence karcinoma dojke u Srbiji iznosi
More informationExtent of visceral pleural invasion and the prognosis of surgically resected node-negative non-small cell lung cancer
Thoracic Cancer ISSN 1759-7706 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Extent of visceral pleural invasion and the prognosis of surgically resected node-negative non-small cell lung cancer Yangki Seok 1, Ji Yun Jeong 2 & Eungbae
More informationRadical cystectomy is the standard procedure for the. rezime ...
/STRU^NI RAD UDK 616.62-006.04-089.844 Local Recurrence of Bladder Cancer after Cystectomy with Orthotopic Bladder Substitution and Conduit... Pejcic T 1, Hadzi-Djokic J 1, Acimovic M 1, Markovic B 2,
More informationProstate specific antigen (PSA) is the main secretory
/STRU^NI RAD UDK 616.65-006-07-089 DOI: 102298 /ACI0902017P Urinary PSA level and relative tumor volume after... T. Pej~i} 1, J. Had i-djoki} 2, B. Markovi} 3, D. Dragi}evi} 1, B. Gli{i} 4, N. Lali} 4,
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Investigation and management of lung cancer Robert Rintoul. Epidemiology. Risk factors/aetiology
Slide 1 Investigation and management of lung cancer Robert Rintoul Department of Thoracic Oncology Papworth Hospital Slide 2 Epidemiology Second most common cancer in the UK (after breast). 38 000 new
More informationNorth of Scotland Cancer Network Clinical Management Guideline for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
THIS DOCUMENT IS North of Scotland Cancer Network Clinical Management Guideline for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer [Based on WOSCAN NSCLC CMG with further extensive consultation within NOSCAN] UNCONTROLLED
More informationTherapeutic Bronchoscopy Etiology - Benign Stenosis Post - intubation Trauma Post - operative Inflammatory Idiopathic
Endobronchial Palliation of Airway Disease Douglas E. Wood, MD Professor and Chief Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Vice-Chair, Department of Surgery Endowed Chair in Lung Cancer Research University
More informationOtkazivanje rada bubrega
Kidney Failure Kidney failure is also called renal failure. With kidney failure, the kidneys cannot get rid of the body s extra fluid and waste. This can happen because of disease or damage from an injury.
More informationAJCC-NCRA Education Needs Assessment Results
AJCC-NCRA Education Needs Assessment Results Donna M. Gress, RHIT, CTR Survey Tool 1 Survey Development, Delivery, Analysis THANKS to NCRA for the following work Developed survey with input from partners
More informationESTS SCHOOL OF THORACIC SURGERY Antalya Revisited in Istanbul March 2016 Istanbul, Turkey
ESTS SCHOOL OF THORACIC SURGERY Antalya Revisited in Istanbul 16-20 March 2016 Istanbul, Turkey Format 1. Lectures, Video and Case Presentations 15 min. 2. Learn from Peers Sessions. 3. More integrated
More informationStenting for Esophageal Cancer Technical Issues and Outcomes
Stenting for Esophageal Cancer Technical Issues and Outcomes Moishe Liberman Director C.E.T.O.C. Division of Thoracic Surgery Centre Hospitalier de l Université de Montréal Disclosures Research and Educational
More informationUpdate on RECIST and Staging of Common Pediatric Tumors Ethan A. Smith, MD
Update on RECIST and Staging of Common Pediatric Tumors Ethan A. Smith, MD Section of Pediatric Radiology C.S. Mott Children s Hospital University of Michigan ethans@med.umich.edu Disclosures No relevant
More informationThe incidence of complications after laryngeal surgery. rezime ... The impact of diabetes mellitus on postoperative morbidity in laryngeal surgery
/STRU^NI RAD UDK 616.379-008.64-02:616.22-089 The impact of diabetes mellitus on postoperative morbidity in laryngeal surgery... M. Jovanovi}, J. Perovi}, A. Grubor Department of Otorhinolaryngology with
More informationPrognostic value of visceral pleura invasion in non-small cell lung cancer q
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 23 (2003) 865 869 www.elsevier.com/locate/ejcts Prognostic value of visceral pleura invasion in non-small cell lung cancer q Jeong-Han Kang, Kil Dong Kim, Kyung
More informationA HARD RAIN'S A-GONNA FALL: TEACHING STATISTICS FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES. Tanja Jevremov & Petar Milin University of Novi Sad
A HARD RAIN'S A-GONNA FALL: TEACHING STATISTICS FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Tanja Jevremov & Petar Milin University of Novi Sad Social Science & Stats Prof. Petar Milin Dr Vanja Ković Dr Ljiljana Mihić Dr
More informationCombined esophagectomy and carinal pneumonectomy
Case Report Combined esophagectomy and carinal pneumonectomy Hon Chi Suen, Cody Wayne Smith Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mercy Hospital Jefferson, Festus, MO 63028, USA Correspondence to: Hon
More informationComplete surgical excision remains the greatest potential
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Wedge Resection for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Patients with Pulmonary Insufficiency: Prospective Ten-Year Survival John P. Griffin, MD,* Charles E. Eastridge, MD, Elizabeth A. Tolley,
More informationHong-Gyun Wu, M.D., Charn Il Park, M.D., S ung Whan Ha, M.D., and Il Han Kim, M.D.
J. Korean Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 1999;17(1):108 112 1) S ign ifica nce of S uprac lav ic ula r Lymph Node Invo lve me nt o n Dete rm inat io n of Clin ica l Stag ing fo r Tho rac ic Es o phagea l Ca rc
More informationLung cancer pleural invasion was recognized as a poor prognostic
Visceral pleural invasion classification in non small cell lung cancer: A proposal on the basis of outcome assessment Kimihiro Shimizu, MD a Junji Yoshida, MD a Kanji Nagai, MD a Mitsuyo Nishimura, MD
More informationBolest prolapsa intervertebralnog diskusa predstavlja. rezime ...
/STRU^NI RAD UDK 616.711-018.3-007.43-089.845 Torakalna diskus hernija pra}ena mijelopatijom: na{e iskustvo u le~enju transtorakalnim pristupom... S. Slavkovi} 1, M. Bumba{irevi} 2, S. Tomi} 1, A. Le{i}
More informationDepartment of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kuo Branch, Chang Gung Medical Foundation; Abstract
DOI 10.6314/JIMT.2017.28(4).07 2017 28 243-251 Impacts of Airway Self-expandable Metallic Stent on Ventilator Weaning and Survival of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Esophageal Cancer and Cental
More informationQUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN FELINE SPONTANEOUS CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS
Research article UDK: 636.8.09:616.428-006.6 DOI: 10.2478/acve-2018-0022 QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN FELINE SPONTANEOUS CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS SIMEONOV Radostin a * a
More informationAmerican Journal ofcancer Case Reports
American Journal ofcancer Case Reports http://ivyunion.org/index.php/ajccr/ Fracasso JI et al. American Journal of Cancer Case Reports 2018, 6:25-30 Page 1 of 6 Case Report Chondrosarcoma of the Sternum
More informationMetastatski melanom koze - hirursko lecenje
Epoj 5 BOJHOCAHHTETCKH npetjlejl, CTpaHa 589 AKTUELNE TEME UDC 616.5-006.8-033.2 :617-089.844 Metastatski melanom koze - hirursko lecenje Ljubomir Panajotovic Vojnomedicinska akademija, Klinika za plasticnu
More informationAn Update: Lung Cancer
An Update: Lung Cancer Andy Barlow Consultant in Respiratory Medicine Lead Clinician for Lung Cancer (West Herts Hospitals NHS Trust) Lead for EBUS-Harefield Hospital (RB&HFT) Summary Lung cancer epidemiology
More informationMolly Boyd, MD Glenn Mills, MD Syed Jafri, MD 1/1/2010
LSU HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER NSCLC Guidelines Feist-Weiller Cancer Center Molly Boyd, MD Glenn Mills, MD Syed Jafri, MD 1/1/2010 Initial Evaluation/Intervention: 1. Pathology Review 2. History and Physical
More informationCollaborative Stage. Site-Specific Instructions - LUNG
Slide 1 Collaborative Stage Site-Specific Instructions - LUNG In this presentation, we are going to review the AJCC Cancer Staging criteria for the lung primary site. Slide 2 Reading Assignments As each
More informationMEDIASTINAL STAGING surgical pro
MEDIASTINAL STAGING surgical pro Paul E. Van Schil, MD, PhD Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University of Antwerp, Belgium Mediastinal staging Invasive techniques lymph node mapping cervical
More informationAccording to the current International Union
Treatment of Stage II Non-small Cell Lung Cancer* Walter J. Scott, MD, FCCP; John Howington, MD, FCCP; and Benjamin Movsas, MD Based on clinical assessment alone, patients with stage II non-small cell
More informationSurgical management of lung cancer
Surgical management of lung cancer Nick Roubos FRACS Cardiothoracic Surgeon Box Hill Hospital, Epworth Eastern Thoracic Oncology Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Small Cell Lung Cancer Mesothelioma Pulmonary
More informationBronchogenic Carcinoma
A 55-year-old construction worker has smoked 2 packs of ciggarettes daily for the past 25 years. He notes swelling in his upper extremity & face, along with dilated veins in this region. What is the most
More informationRadiological staging of lung cancer. Shukri Loutfi,MD,FRCR Consultant Thoracic Radiologist KAMC-Riyadh
Radiological staging of lung cancer Shukri Loutfi,MD,FRCR Consultant Thoracic Radiologist KAMC-Riyadh Bronchogenic Carcinoma Accounts for 14% of new cancer diagnoses in 2012. Estimated to kill ~150,000
More informationSurgical treatment of primary lung cancer with synchronous brain metastases
General Thoracic Surgery CHD GTS ACD GTS CSP TX Surgical treatment of primary lung cancer with synchronous brain metastases Peter S. Billing, MD Daniel L. Miller, MD Mark S. Allen, MD Claude Deschamps,
More informationThoracic Surgery. Treating a wide range of chest disorders
Thoracic Surgery Treating a wide range of chest disorders Thoracic Surgery at UCLA The UCLA Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery is among the nation s leaders in providing care for a wide range of chest
More informationHong Kong Society of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons CLINICAL MEETING 29 NOV 2012
Hong Kong Society of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons CLINICAL MEETING 29 NOV 2012 Esophageal Leiomyoma Introduction Case presentation Operative video Discussion Esophageal Leiomyoma Benign tumors of the
More informationL cancer-related deaths in Japan. The number of patients
Extended Resection of the Left Atrium, Great Vessels, or Both for Lung Cancer Ryosuke Tsuchiya, MD, Hisao Asamura, MD, Haruhiko Kondo, MD, Tomoyuki Goya, MD, and Tsuguo Naruke, MD Division of Thoracic
More informationGUIDELINES FOR CANCER IMAGING Lung Cancer
GUIDELINES FOR CANCER IMAGING Lung Cancer Greater Manchester and Cheshire Cancer Network Cancer Imaging Cross-Cutting Group April 2010 1 INTRODUCTION This document is intended as a ready reference for
More informationSpecial Treatment Issues in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
CHEST Supplement DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF LUNG CANCER, 3RD ED: ACCP GUIDELINES Special Treatment Issues in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College
More informationSVEUČILIŠTE JOSIPA JURJA STROSSMAYERA U OSIJEKU MEDICINSKI FAKULTET OSIJEK. Josipa Flam UDIO STROME KAO PROGNOSTIČKI ČIMBENIK KOD KARCINOMA DEBELOG
SVEUČILIŠTE JOSIPA JURJA STROSSMAYERA U OSIJEKU MEDICINSKI FAKULTET OSIJEK Josipa Flam UDIO STROME KAO PROGNOSTIČKI ČIMBENIK KOD KARCINOMA DEBELOG CRIJEVA Doktorska disertacija OSIJEK, 2016. SVEUČILIŠTE
More informationTHORACIC MALIGNANCIES
THORACIC MALIGNANCIES Summary for Malignant Malignancies. Lung Ca 1 Lung Cancer Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnostic Evaluation for Non-Small Lung Cancer 1. History and Physical examination. 2. CBCDE,
More informationSuperior and Basal Segment Lung Cancers in the Lower Lobe Have Different Lymph Node Metastatic Pathways and Prognosis
ORIGINAL ARTICLES: Superior and Basal Segment Lung Cancers in the Lower Lobe Have Different Lymph Node Metastatic Pathways and Prognosis Shun-ichi Watanabe, MD, Kenji Suzuki, MD, and Hisao Asamura, MD
More informationColorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of. rezime ...
/STRU^NI RAD UDK 616.351-006.04-073.75:615.849 Influence of Long Term Radiotherapy on Symptoms and Signs of Locally Advanced Primary Rectal Cancer of Distant Localisation... J. Petrovi} 1, G. Stanojevi}
More informationAfter primary tumor treatment, 30% of patients with malignant
ESTS METASTASECTOMY SUPPLEMENT Alberto Oliaro, MD, Pier L. Filosso, MD, Maria C. Bruna, MD, Claudio Mossetti, MD, and Enrico Ruffini, MD Abstract: After primary tumor treatment, 30% of patients with malignant
More informationIn 1989, Deslauriers et al. 1 described intrapulmonary metastasis
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Prognosis of Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Intrapulmonary Metastases Kanji Nagai, MD,* Yasunori Sohara, MD, Ryosuke Tsuchiya, MD, Tomoyuki Goya, MD, and Etsuo Miyaoka,
More informationAccuracy of endoscopic ultrasound staging for T2N0 esophageal cancer: a national cancer database analysis
Review Article Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound staging for T2N0 esophageal cancer: a national cancer database analysis Ravi Shridhar 1, Jamie Huston 2, Kenneth L. Meredith 2 1 Department of Radiation
More informationEsophageal Bypass Using a Gastric Tube for a Malignant Tracheoesophageal/ Bronchoesophageal Fistula: A Report of 4 Cases
Int Surg 2011;96:189 193 Case Report Esophageal Bypass Using a Gastric Tube for a Malignant Tracheoesophageal/ Bronchoesophageal Fistula: A Report of 4 Cases Takeshi Hanagiri, Masaru Morita, Yoshiki Shigematsu,
More informationSeventh Edition of the Cancer Staging Manual and Stage Grouping of Lung Cancer. Quick Reference Chart and Diagrams
CHEST Special Features Seventh Edition of the Cancer Staging Manual and Stage Grouping of Lung Cancer Quick Reference Chart and Diagrams Omar Lababede, MD ; Moulay Meziane, MD ; and Thomas Rice, MD, FCCP
More informationEVALUATION OF TWO SURGICAL TREATMENTS OF PRIMARY VESICOURETERAL REFLUX AMONG CHILDREN: A 15 YEARS EXPERIENCE
DOI: 10.5937/sanamed1602093M UDK: 616.61-007-089-053.2(497.7)"1999/2004" 2016; 11(2): 93 97 ID: 224533004 ISSN-1452-662X Original scientific article EVALUATION OF TWO SURGICAL TREATMENTS OF PRIMARY VESICOURETERAL
More informationSurgical Management of Advanced Stage Colon Cancer. Nathan Huber, MD 6/11/14
Surgical Management of Advanced Stage Colon Cancer Nathan Huber, MD 6/11/14 Colon Cancer Overview Approximately 50,000 attributable deaths per year Colorectal cancer is the 3 rd most common cause of cancer-related
More informationPost-Induction PET Does Not Correlate with Persistent Nodal Disease or Overall Survival in Surgically Treated Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Post-Induction PET Does Not Correlate with Persistent Nodal Disease or Overall Survival in Surgically Treated Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer R. Taylor Ripley, Kei Suzuki, Kay See Tan, Manjit Bains,
More informationNorth of Scotland Cancer Network Clinical Management Guideline for Mesothelioma
THIS DOCUMENT IS North of Scotland Cancer Network Clinical Management Guideline for Mesothelioma [Based on WOSCAN SCLC CMG with further extensive consultation within NOSCAN] UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED Document
More informationSuperior vena cava replacement combined with venovenous shunt for lung cancer and thymoma: a case series
Original Article Superior vena cava replacement combined with venovenous shunt for lung cancer and thymoma: a case series Wei Dai 1 *, Jifu Dong 2 *, Hongwei Zhang 2, Xiaojun Yang 1, Qiang Li 1 1 Department
More informationIs a Metallic Stent Useful for Non Resectable Esophageal Cancer?
Original Article Is a Metallic Stent Useful for Non Resectable Esophageal Cancer? Shinsuke Wada, MD, 1 Tsuyoshi Noguchi, MD, 1 Shinsuke Takeno, MD, 1 Hatsuo Moriyama, MD, 1 Tsuyoshi Hashimoto, MD, 1 Yuzo
More informationPrognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with isolated brain metastases undergoing combined surgical treatment q
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 25 (2004) 1107 1113 www.elsevier.com/locate/ejcts Prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with isolated brain metastases undergoing combined surgical
More informationMediastinal Spread of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Bronchogenic Carcinoma*
Mediastinal Spread of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Bronchogenic Carcinoma* Mediastinal Nodal Metastases in Lung Cancer Yoh Watanabe, M.D., F.C.C.P.; ]unzo Shimizu, M.D.; Makoto Tsubota, M.D.; and Takashi
More informationCLINICAL STUDY OF EPISCLERITIS AND SCLERITIS
ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. UDK 617.715 Original article ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. 2005; 22 (2): 101-106 Jasmina \or evi}-joci}, Gordana Zlatanovi}, Dragan Veselinovi}, Gordana Stankovi}-Babi}, Sla ana Mici} Ophtalmology
More informationUDRUŽENJE PULMOLOGA / PNEUMOFTIZIOLOGA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE III IZDANJE. Banja Luka, maj 2012.
UDRUŽENJE PULMOLOGA / PNEUMOFTIZIOLOGA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE III IZDANJE Banja Luka, maj 2012. UDRUŽENJE PULMOLOGA / PNEUMOFTIZIOLOGA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE Klinički vodič za NEMIKROCELULARNI KARCINOM PLUĆA III IZDANJE
More informationPET CT for Staging Lung Cancer
PET CT for Staging Lung Cancer Rohit Kochhar Consultant Radiologist Disclosures Neither I nor my immediate family members have financial relationships with commercial organizations that may have a direct
More informationThe Itracacies of Staging Patients with Suspected Lung Cancer
The Itracacies of Staging Patients with Suspected Lung Cancer Gerard A. Silvestri, MD,MS, FCCP Professor of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC silvestri@musc.edu Staging Lung
More information14. Background. Sarcoma. Resectable extremity soft tissue sarcomas
96 14. Sarcoma Background Radiotherapy is widely used as an adjunct to surgery in the management of soft tissue sarcomas as the risk of failure in the surgical bed can be high. For bone sarcomas, radiotherapy
More informationVideo assisted mediastinal lymphadenectomy (VAMLA)
Video assisted mediastinal lymphadenectomy (VAMLA) Gunda Leschber Department of Thoracic Surgery ELK Berlin Chest Hospital, Berlin, Germany Teaching Hospital of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin No conflict
More informationRelevance of an extensive follow-up after surgery for nonsmall cell lung cancer
ORIGINAL ARTICLE LUNG CANCER Relevance of an extensive follow-up after surgery for nonsmall cell lung cancer Delphine Gourcerol 1,2, Arnaud Scherpereel 1,2, Stephane Debeugny 3, Henri Porte 2,4, Alexis
More informationThe detection rate of early gastric cancer has been increasing owing to advances in
Focused Issue of This Month Sung Hoon Noh, MD, ph.d Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine E - mail : sunghoonn@yuhs.ac J Korean Med Assoc 2010; 53(4): 306-310 Abstract The detection
More informationTreatment Strategy for Patients With Surgically Discovered N2 Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Treatment Strategy for Patients With Surgically Discovered N2 Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Ryoichi Nakanishi, MD, Toshihiro Osaki, MD, Kozo Nakanishi, MD, Ichiro Yoshino, MD, Takashi Yoshimatsu,
More informationCase presentation. Paul De Leyn, MD, PhD Thoracic Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Belgium
Case presentation Paul De Leyn, MD, PhD Thoracic Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Belgium Perspectives in Lung Cancer Brussels 6-7 march 2009 LEUVEN LUNG CANCER GROUP Department of Thoracic Surgery
More informationCDDP. CDDP+5-FU+Radiation. 20 pathological. CR pathological PR NC PD. follow up. 106 rec RT-PCR PD NC. 106 rec CT MRI. Induction chemoradiotherapy:crt
CDDP+5-FU+Radiation 20 pathological CR 1-7 pathological CR pathological PR NC PD follow up T4 106 rec CT MRI CT 1989 2000 69 / 62/7 40-75 CDDP 5-FU 3550.7 1 4 44 44 6 CR PR NC 35 106 rec RT-PCR 1 PD NC
More informationFacet orientation in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis
35 J. Tokyo Med. Univ., 71 1 35 0 Facet orientation in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis Wuqikun ALIMASI, Kenji ENDO, Hidekazu SUZUKI, Yasunobu SAWAJI, Hirosuke NISHIMURA, Hidetoshi TANAKA,
More informationSince central airway stenosis is often a lifethreatening. Double Y-stenting for tracheobronchial stenosis. Masahide Oki and Hideo Saka
Eur Respir J 2012; 40: 1483 1488 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00015012 CopyrightßERS 2012 Double Y-stenting for tracheobronchial stenosis Masahide Oki and Hideo Saka ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study
More informationRadiation Therapy in SCLC. What is New? Prof. Dr. Hoda Abdel Baky El Bakry Cairo Cancer Institute Radiation Oncology Department
Radiation Therapy in SCLC What is New? Prof. Dr. Hoda Abdel Baky El Bakry Cairo Cancer Institute Radiation Oncology Department Background Overview Small Cell Lung cancer constitute about 15 % of all newly
More informationHarrington rod stabilization for pathological fractures of the spine NARAYAN SUNDARESAN, M.D., JOSEPH H. GALICICH, M.D., AND JOSEPH M. LANE, M.D.
J Neurosurg 60:282-286, 1984 Harrington rod stabilization for pathological fractures of the spine NARAYAN SUNDARESAN, M.D., JOSEPH H. GALICICH, M.D., AND JOSEPH M. LANE, M.D. Neurosurgery and Orthopedic
More informationEditorial commentary: Size and margin do matter, but is it the whole story? Paul A.J. Beckers, MD, Lawek Berzenji, MD,, Paul E. Van Schil, MD, PhD
Accepted Manuscript Editorial commentary: Size and margin do matter, but is it the whole story? Paul A.J. Beckers, MD, Lawek Berzenji, MD,, Paul E. Van Schil, MD, PhD PII: S0022-5223(18)33135-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.036
More informationSurgical Management of Pulmonary Metastases. Dr AG Jacobs Principal Specialist Dept Cardiothoracic Surgery Steve Biko Academic Hospital
Surgical Management of Pulmonary Metastases Dr AG Jacobs Principal Specialist Dept Cardiothoracic Surgery Steve Biko Academic Hospital Introduction Lungs 2 nd most common site of metastatic deposition
More informationMalignant related superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome
Malignant related superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome Manit Sae-teaw B.Pharm, BCP, BCOP Grad dip in Pharmacotherapy Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences Ubon Ratchathani University 1 Outline Introduction Etiology
More informationMihajlović, I. and Tončev, I.: Establishment of the foot arch initial status... Sport Science 1 (2008) 2:44 49
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FOOT ARCH INITIAL STATUS IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN Ilona Mihajlović and Ivan Tončev Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Original scientific paper Abstract
More informationPNEUMON, 2000; 38 (1-2) ISSN
PNEUMON, 2000; 38 (1-2) ISSN 1450-6688 Izdavač: Publisher: INSTITUT ZA PLUĆNE BOLESTI, Sremska Kamenica, SR Jugoslavija INSTITUTE OF LUNG DISEASES, Sremska Kamenica, Yugoslavia OSNIVAČ I PRVI GLAVNI UREDNIK:
More information