SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

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1 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:1.18/nture129 ontrol-dna -DNA CD49 Blood Lung e.98 +/ / / /-.6 Bsophils (x1 )/ml 4 Bsophils ( x1 ) d f ontrol-dna ontrol-dna -DNA -DNA Bone mrrow. +/ /-. IgE Bsophils (x1 ) 4 15 ontrol-dna -DNA Supplementry Figure 1. promotes peripherl sophili nd Th2 ytokine responses. BALB/ mie were injeted (i.v.) with ontrol DNA plsmid (ontrol-dna) or enoding plsmid (-DNA), nd () lood, () lungs nd (e) one mrrow were hrvested 2-21 dys post-plsmid injetion, proessed nd stined for sophils. Flow ytometry plots re gted on live, NBNT ells. Bsophils were identified s NBNT, CD49+, IgE+, + nd -Kit-. (,d,f), Totl sophil numers for eh omprtment were determined. Results re representtive of two seprte experiments of 5 mie per group. Sttistil nlysis ws performed using two-tiled students t test (, p<.5), (, p<.1), (, p<.1). 1

2 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION d 5 4 IL-5 IL-1 15 IgE Bsophils (1 ) 175 (pg/ml ) 2 (pg/ml ) 75 (pg/ml ) 15 e Nive INF Nive INF + sos g + sos + sos Nive Infeted Time (d) sos RELM β f h 2 Worm urden Nive Infeted Infeted + sos 1 + sos Supplementry Figure 2. Bsophil-restrited R expression is suffiient to reover Th2 ell-dependent immunity to helminth infetion. (), or Tslpr-/- mie were infeted with Trihuris muris, nd spleni sophil popultions were quntified on dy 21 post-infetion. Results re ompiled from seprte experiments. (-h), or Tslpr-/- were infeted with T. muris. One group of infeted Tslpr-/- mie reeived 1-1 x 1 R-suffiient sophils (+ sos). Mesenteri LN ells were isolted nd stimulted with T. muris ntigen olleted from dult worms tht were ultured for 4 hours in medi. Antigen-speifi prodution of () IL-5 nd () IL-1 ws determined y ELISA. (d), Serum IgE levels, (e, f) golet ell hyperplsi nd intestinl muin prodution (PAS stining), (g) luminl seretion of RELMβ nd (h) worm urdens were determined on dy 21 post-infetion. (), Results re ompiled from seprte experiments. (-h), Results re representtive of two seprte experiments. ( mie n=1, Tslpr-/- n=1, Tslpr-/- mie tht reeived 1-1 x 1 sophils n=6.) Sle rs, 1 μm. Sttistil nlysis ws performed using two-tiled students t test (, p<.5), (,p<.1). (IgE levels etween Tslpr-/- nd Tslpr-/- + sos, p=.8). 2

3 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION RESEARCH SSC mst ells Medi. sophils 89.7 d.84 mst ells CD e 6. f.88 mst ells CD, CD8,CD4, CD19 -Kit g 1 Bsophils 1 h Mst Cells ell numer 1 1 ell numer Medi Medi Supplementry Figure. seletively expnds sophil ut not mst ell popultions from one mrrowresident ells. Bone mrrow ws tken from mie nd ultured in the presene of () medi, () or (e) for 5 dys. (, d, f), Bsophils were identified s NBNT, CD49+, +, -Kit-. Mst ells were identified s NBNT, +, -Kit+. (g), Totl numers of sophils nd (h) mst ells were quntified on dy 5 post-ulture. (), Results re representtive of three seprte experiments. (g, h), Cell numers were ompiled from three seprte experiments.

4 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION -Kit BP.76 FMO BP / Tslpr BP SSC IL-7Rα NBNT one mrrow BPs Kit R sort CD4 Input ell 5 dy ulture Medi d CD4 CD e 1 post ulture f Medi live ells Medi Supplementry Figure 4. ts diretly on one mrrow-resident preursor ells. (), Bsophil preursors from the one mrrow of or Tslpr-/- nimls were identified using BD FACS Ari II flow ytometer s NBNT, CD4+, +, -Kit-. Bsophil preursor expression levels of IL-7Rα (shded) were ompred to fluoresene minus one (FMO) ontrols. Bsophil preursor expression levels of R (shded) were ompred to sophil preursors in the one mrrow of Tslpr-/- mie. (), Bsophil preursors (NBNT, CD4+, +, -Kit-) were sorted using BD FACS Ari II flow ytometer nd 1 x 1 ells were ultured for five dys in the presene of medi, or. (,d), Cells were susequently stined nd nlyzed using BD LSR II flow ytometer for, CD49 nd CD4 on dy 5 post-ulture. Itliized numers represent MFI of CD49 stining. (e), Totl ells reovered on dy 5 post-ulture in the presene of medi, or. (f), Cytology of ells fter 5 dy ulture in the presene of medi, or ws performed. (-d, f), Results re representtive of t lest three seprte experiments. (e), Results re ompiled from three seprte experiments. Sle r, 1 μm. 4

5 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION RESEARCH sophils % survivl 2 1 Medi Spleen % NBNT omprtment Csf2r2 / Csf2r x Csf2r2 / Csf2r + isotype ontrol Csf2r2 / Csf2r + nti- Bone Mrrow % NBNT omprtment 1..5 Csf2r2 / Csf2r x Csf2r2 / Csf2r + isotype ontrol Csf2r2 / Csf2r + nti- Supplementry Figure 5. nd promote mture sophil survivl. (), Bsophils were sort-purified from the lood nd spleens of mie nd ultured over-night in medi lone, or. Bsophil survivl ws mesured flow ytometrilly y exlusion of the viility dye 7-AAD. Results re ompiled from three seprte experiments. (), Spleen nd () one mrrow ells were isolted from, Csf2r2-/-/ Csf2r-/- x Tslpr-/- mie or Csfr22-/-/ Csf2r-/- mie treted with either n isotype ontrol or neutrlizing ntiody over 7 dy period. Perentges of sophils in the NBNT omprtment re illustrted. Bsophils were identified s NBNT, CD49+, Fε RI+ nd -Kit-. Results re representtive of two seprte experiments of mie per group. 5

6 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Monoyte nd dendriti ell mturtion (1) Mtrix metlloproteinses (2) TNFα signling () Linolei id metolism(4) Arhidoni id metolism (5) Cell ommunition (6) Cell dhesion moleules (7) Enrihment Sore Gene List (1) Gene List (2) Gene List () Gene List (4) Gene List (5) Gene List (6) Gene List (7) C1QB (1226) MRC1 (175) FABP4 (1177) CCL22 (2299) LPL (16956) PPIC (198) GATM (6792) CD74 (16149) CCL17 (2295) MMP12 (1781) IARS (15148) ACAA2 (5258) CD86 (12524) CCR7 (12775) SPP1 (275) GDF15 (2886) TRIB2 (21741) PDLIM4 (794) SLA (2491) HSD11B1 (1548) MMP1 (1786) MMP8 (1794) MMP9 (1795) MMP19 (5822) TIMP (21859) MMP12 (1781) TIMP1 (21857) TIMP2 (21858) TSPAN (5644) CCNC (5181) TGFBR (21814) PSMB8 (1691) CCL2 (2296) PRDX1 (18477) SOD2 (2656) CXCL1 (14825) ACLY (4112) RNASEN (14) SFA (7562) PSMB7 (19177) ITGB2 (16414) KIT (1659) NFKBIA (185) PLA2G (27625) ALOX15 (11687) PLA2G1 (26565) PLA2G12B (6986) PLA2G5 (18784) CYP2E1 (116) PTGDS (19215) DHRS4 (282) PLA2G1B (18778) PTGIS (1922) GPX2 (14776) GPX5 (1478) CBR (19857) PLA2G2D (18782) PTGES (64292) LTA4H (1699) PLA2G (27625) ALOX15 (11687) GPX6 (75512) PTGS2 (19225) PLA2G1 (26565) PLA2G12B (6986) PLA2G5 (18784) CYP2E1 (116) KRT9 (2794) INA (22618) KRT77 (4622) KRT17 (16667) ITGB4 (192897) COL11A1 (12814) LAMA (16774) KRT2 (94179) LAMC2 (16782) LAMB2 (16779) COL2A1 (12824) LMNB2 (1697) KRT78 (211) GJB5 (14622) COLA1 (12825) KRT6B (16688) DSC1 (155) COL6A1 (128) COL4A2 (12827) KRT72 (15866) CD6 (12511) NRXN1 (18189) CD22 (1248) MPZ (17528) CLDN (1279) PTPRC (19264) CD8 (12519) CDH4 (12561) JAM (8964) CD4 (1254) SDC2 (15529) PDCD1 (18566) PVRL2 (19294) PVRL1 (5825) ITGA4 (1641) JAM2 (6774) NRXN (18191) CLDN5 (12741) CDH5 (12562) NLGN2 (216856) Supplementry Figure 6. Heterogeneity of sophil popultions reveled y genome-wide trnsriptionl profiling. Bone mrrow ws tken from mie nd ultured in the presene of or for 5 dys. NBNT, CD49+, +, -Kit- sophils were sorted, RNA ws extrted nd smples were nlyzed y mirorry. Gene set enrihment nlysis (GSEA) ws performed with softwre ville t nd illustrted enrihment of oordinted gene sets tht orrespond to previously defined iologil proesses. List of genes for eh iologil proess numered in (Fig. 4) tht ontriute to the enrihment sore s outlined t EntrezGene ession numers for eh gene re in prenthesis. 6

7 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION RESEARCH Reltive expression Supplementry 7. mpt1 mpt2 mpt5 mpt Th2 Th2 Th2 Th Reltive expression mpt7 mpt8 mpt Th2 Th2 Th2 Degrnultion β-hexosminidse (U) 2 1 mst ell ontrol mst ell sophil ontrol -eliited -eliited Supplementry Figure 7. - nd -eliited sophils exhiit phenotypi nd funtionl heterogeneity. (), Bone mrrow ws tken from mie nd ultured in the presene of or for 5 dys. NBNT, CD49+, Fε RI+, -Kit- sophils were sort-purified, nd RNA ws isolted. Th2 ells were isolted from the mesenteri LN of T. muris infeted mie on dy 21 post-infetion nd used s negtive expression ontrol. Reltive gene expression ws normlized to one mrrow-derived mst ells tht were grown in nd stem ell ftor (SCF) for 8 weeks. Rel time PCR ws performed on four iologil replites of sophils. (), Bone mrrow ws tken from mie nd ultured in the presene of or for 5 dys. NBNT, CD49+, CD2R+, -Kit- sophils were sorted nd rested for 24 hours. Bone mrrow derived mst ells were grown in the presene of nd SCF for 8 weeks. Cells were inuted with 1 μg/ml of nti-dinitrophenol (nti-dnp) IgE, wshed, nd stimulted with 1 ng/ml DNP-onjugted humn serum lumin. Superntnts were tested for β-hexosmindse y inuting with p-nitrophenyl-n-etyl-ß- D-gluosmide nd mesuring sorne t 45 nm. 7

8 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION -eliited sophils -eliited sophils 125 IL-1α 9 IL-4 4 IL TNFα (ng/ml) CCL2 CCL CCL4 CCL CCL9.6 CCL11. CCL12 25 CCL22 (ng/ml) CXCL Supplementry Figure 8. - nd -eliited sophils exhiit differentil pilities to respond to, IL-18 nd. Bone mrrow ws tken from mie nd ultured in the presene of or for 5 dys. NBNT, CD49+, Fε RI+, -Kit- -eliited sophils (gry rs) or -eliited sophils (lk rs) were sorted nd stimulted for 12 hours with medi lone,, IL-18 or. Cell free superntnts were removed nd ssyed for () IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, TNFα, ()CCL2, CCL, CCL4, CCL7, CCL9, CCL11, CCL12, CCL22 nd () CXCL2 y multi-nlyte pnel (Rodent v2.), ( Results from three iologil replites re shown. Sttistil nlysis ws performed using two-tiled students t test (, p<.5), (, p<.1). 8

9 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION RESEARCH 2 Er 2 Serum CD49 MC9 Isotype nti %sophils /mg of tissue 1 MC9 1 MC9 Csf2r2 -/- / Csf2r -/ IgE %sophils 6 Isotype α MC9 Isotype α MC9 d e f MC9 MC CD49 BS-TRECK CD49 IL IL Bs-TRECK MC9 Bs-TRECK MC9 Supplementry Figure 9. regultes in vivo sophil responses independently of. (), mie were treted topilly on the er with ethnol () or MC9 for dys, nd lol prodution of in the er nd serum levels of were determined y ELISA. (), mie or (), Csfr22-/-/ Csf2r-/- mie were treted topilly on the er with ethnol or MC9 for four dys. NBNT, CD49+, +, -Kit- sophil responses in the er were determined fter tretment with isotype or nti- ntiody. (), results re representtive of three seprte experiments of mie per group. (,), results re representtive of two seprte experiments of mie per group. (d), mie were treted topilly on the er with ethnol or MC9 for 7 dys. (e), BS-TRECK mie were treted topilly on the er with ethnol or MC9 for 7 dys. All mie were treted with diphtheri toxin (i.p.). NBNT, CD49+, +, -Kit- sophil responses were determined on dy 7 post-mc9. (f), Drining LNs were stimulted with nti-cd nd nti-cd28 for 48 hours, nd IL-4 nd IL-5 prodution were quntified y ELISA. Results re representtive of two seprte experiments. (Ethnol n=6, MC9 n =6, Bs-TREK n=5). 9

10 RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION one mrrow lood tissue IgE-ntigen lssi sophil responses R R R R R R sophil progenitors R R IgE mture sophils effetor moleules histmine leukotrienes prostoglndins -ssoited llergi disese R R R R R R sophil progenitors IgE R R R mture sophils R R R R R R rrier surfe effetor moleules IL-4 IL-6 Cxl2 CCL12 CCL Supplementl Figure 1. Proposed model of -dependent sophil development nd funtion. (), -dependent development of lssil sophils ours in the one mrrow. promotes the prolifertion, mturtion nd susequent exit of sophils into the periphery. One in the periphery, promotes mture sophil survivl nd surfe-ound IgE is loded vi inding. In the ontext of n inflmmtory response, ntigen-speifi IgE+ sophils migrte into inflmed tissues. Antigen inds surfe-ound IgE triggering rosslinking, degrnultion nd prodution of histmines, leukotrienes nd prostglndins. () Bsophil mturtion in individuls suffering from -ssoited llergi diseses ours when inds the R nd inds the R on sophil preursors, promoting their prolifertion, mturtion nd susequent exit into the periphery. One in the periphery, sophil survivl is enhned vi -R signling, while -R signling indues surfe expression of the R. Although surfe-ound IgE is loded vi, -tivted sophils do not degrnulte in response to rosslinking. In the ontext of inflmmtion t rrier surfes, -eliited sophils migrte to inflmed tissue where they enounter, triggering their exggerted prodution of IL-4, IL-6, CxCl2, CCL12 nd CCL. 1

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