What Drives Behaviour. 1. What Drives Behaviour? 1.1 What Drives Behaviour?

Transcription

1 1.? 1.1?

2 1.2 In This Session

3 1.3 Why?

4 1.4 Why Do We Need to Understand Wild Animal Behaviour? Managing wild animals in captivity is challenging regardless of context. Wild animals are evolutionarily adapted to minimize display signs which may predispose them to predation or attack Paying attention to behaviour can give us MUCH more information about the animals we care for, and ensuring we provide them with the care they really need.

5 1.5 Defining Behaviour

6 normal (Slide Layer)

7 natural (Slide Layer)

8 abnormal (Slide Layer)

9 unnatural (Slide Layer)

10 1.6?

11 2. External Factors 2.1 External Mechanisms

12 2.2 Evolutionary Environment

13 2.3 More Than Just Space? Notes: Social Interaction While social interactions can be both positive and negative welfare experiences, they are also an important aspect of natural behaviour and the evolutionary history of an animal. It is also important that we consider how social opportunities will impact behaviours in species we may have traditionally considered solitary. Foraging Foraging or predatory behaviour may be a rewarding activity for those species evolved to spend time in this manner, regardless of the success of eventual food acquisition Appropriate Environments What does the evolutionary history of the species tell us about what an animal needs?

14 For example wallowing or bathing behaviour is essential for the behavioural wellbeing of some species, as well as providing important skin-conditioning Diversity of Environment A diverse environment which features different elements will encourage more natural behaviours, such as nesting behaviours which are an important activity for many species including primates, birds, pigs and bears, and should be accommodated in captive facilities 2.4 Prenatal Environment

15 in utero (Slide Layer)

16 perinatal (Slide Layer)

17 2.5 Abnormal Behaviour

18 2.6 Brain Cells Notes: Brain cell from normal individual (left) Individual not exposed to stress in utero. This cell has lots of connections, meaning it can rapidly communicate with other cells. In practice this individual may learn things more quickly. Brain cell from stressed individual (right) Individual exposed to stress in utero. This cell has fewer branches, meaning it is less capable of making connections. In practice this can mean the animal learns more slowly. Adapted From: Adapted from S.M. Brown, S. Henning, and C.L. Wellman, Mild, Short-term Stress Alters Dendritic Morphology in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex Cereb. Cortex (November 2005) 15 (11):

19 2.7 Current Environment

20 2.8 Coping

21 cope (Slide Layer)

22 frustrate (Slide Layer)

23 stress (Slide Layer)

24 2.9 Short Term Environmental Stress

25 2.10 Chronic Environmental Stress

26 2.11 What is this Behaviour? Correct X Choice A stereotypy Feeding behaviour Mating behaviour Feedback when correct: That's right! This is a stereotypic behaviour. Feedback when incorrect: This is a stereotypic behaviour - continue to find out more.

27 Correct (Slide Layer)

28 Incorrect (Slide Layer)

29 2.12 What is Stereotypy?

30 Normal motor patterns (Slide Layer)

31 Slow development (Slide Layer)

32 With time (Slide Layer)

33 performed (Slide Layer)

34 2.13 Neonatal Environment

35 2.14 What Causes Stereotypy?

36 suboptimal (Slide Layer)

37 2.15 Enriched Habitats

38 Barren (Slide Layer)

39 2.16 Types of Enrichment

40 social (Slide Layer)

41 cognitive (Slide Layer)

42 sensory (Slide Layer)

43 feeding (Slide Layer)

44 occupation (Slide Layer)

45 physical (Slide Layer)

46 3. Internal Factors 3.1 Internal Mechanisms Which Drive Behaviour

47 3.2 What Are the Internal Mechanisms?

48 3.3 Genetics Notes: Resources: Carlstead, K., et al. (1999). "Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in U.S. zoos: I. individual behavior profiles and their relationship to breeding success." Zoo Biology :)7(81 Shepherdson, D., et al. (2013). "Individual and environmental factors associated with stereotypic behavior and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in zoo housed polar bears." Applied Animal Behaviour Science(3-4): 268. How (Slide Layer)

49 Physically (Slide Layer)

50 Temp (Slide Layer)

51 3.4 Cognition Notes: Definitions: These definitions come from Goldsmith et al (1987) "Roundtable: What is temperament? Four approaches" Child Development, 58 (2):

52 Personality (Slide Layer)

53 3.5 Physiological State Notes: Resource: Danzy, J., et al. (2012). "Sunbathing: A Behavioral Response to Seasonal Climatic Change among South African Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)." African Primates :)2(7 Pp

54 homeostasis rollover (Slide Layer)

55 3.6 Emotional State

56 3.7 Health State

57 3.8 Thinking About Behaviours

58 3.9 Enclosure Enrichment

59 3.10 Limited Behaviours

60 3.11 Lower Vertebrates

61 3.12 Behavioural Frustration

62 1.7 Key Messages

63 1.8 Finished!

64 1.9 About this Learning Object