INDEX. 19 Bardsley, Samuel Argent 9 Bat 132,288,304, Antrozous pallidus 280 Desmodus rotundus 291,296, 385,390 Eidolon helvum 179,181,258

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1 Acetylcholine receptor 56,74,80, 82,93, ,113 Adrenal gland 133 Adenovirus, canine 392 Aeschylus 246 Airborne infection 102, Alimentary system 132 Ammon's horn 27 Animal rabies vaccines Antelope, kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) 256, ,261 Anthrax 15,323 Antibody assays complement fixation tests 230 enzyme-linked immunoassay 233 hemagglutination-based assays 231 immunofluorescence 53, mixed hemadsorption test 230 mouse neutralization test 223 plaque neutralization test 53, 224 radioimmunoassay 232 selection of Antibody, conjugation with fluorescein 222 Anticoagulants, in control of vampire rabies 390 Antigenic variants 55,62, , 384 Aristotle 2,246 Assay of rabies virus assay of DIs 53 fluorescent focus assay 53 plaque assay 52,224 Attachment to cells acetylcholine receptor 82 binding studies 78,80 enzymes, effect of 79 gangliosides 83 Avicenna 246 Badger (Meles meles) 355,366 Baits , Balzac, 19 Bardsley, Samuel Argent 9 Bat 132,288,304, Antrozous pallidus 280 Desmodus rotundus 291,296, 385,390 Eidolon helvum 179,181,258 INDEX B e r n a r d - F r a n ~ o i s Epomorphorus wahlburgi 180 Eptesicus fuscus 133, Eptesicus serotinus 182,183, 247,250 Lasionycteris noctivagans 133, 280 Lasiurus borealis 133, , 286 Lasiurus cinereus 133, Macrotis waterhousii 280 Micropterus pusilus 180 Myotis californicus 133 Myotis dasycneme 184 Myotis evotis 133,283 Myotis keenii 133,283 Myotis leibii 133 Myotis lucifugus 133,283 Myotis myotis 182 Myotis volans 133 Myotis yumanensis 133 Nyctalus noctula 182 Nycterus thebaica 181 Pipistrellus hesperus 280 Pipistrellus subflavus 133 Plecotus townsendii 133,280 Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum 182 Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana 130,133, ,284,296 Bat rabies 248,250,258,261,263, 267, , ,381, ,390,410 Bats as reservoirs of rabies ,304 Bear, black (Ursus americanus) 383 Belgian V-RG field trial Biotypes 138,245,248 Birds, rabies in 12,136 Bison 383 Blister-package baits 351,376, Blood-borne infection 114,121 Bouchardat, Apollinaire 14 Bourgelat, Claude 7 Bovine ephemeral fever virus, 185 Bovine paralytic rabies , 357 Bronchial mucosa 132 Brown fat ,373 Brucellosis 335,417 Bungarotoxin 75,82,104

2 424 Cardiovascular system 132 Carrier state Caelius Aurelianus 3,4,16 Canine rabies 9-13,245, , 267, ,335, Canine vaccination programs , ,268,290,324,370, Cardiovirus receptors 105 Cat 12,17,93,109,123, ,139, 179,180,275,286,288,328, ,373,376,383,389 Cattle 123,128,132,184,275, , ,303, , ,383 cdna cloning procedure 338 Celsus 2,246 Cell cultures BHK ,52,55,56,58,78, 120,158,185,206,207,224,236 CEF 48,50,52,53,56,59,120 CER 48,49,52,79,80,83-85,158 CTl clones 168 FRhl-2 59 ganglia, dorsal root 71,75-77, 87,94 glia 69-71,207 HEl 48,59 kidney, primary 48,59 l Macrophage line 48,56 MDBK 79 Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) 49, MRC-5 48,59,60 Myotubes, embryo chick 48,56, 72-74,78,82,106 Neuroblastoma 48-50,54-56,61, 69-70,74,78,79,86,90,93,158, 206,207 Nil-2 48,59-60 Vero 48,49,59,185 Wr-38 48,49,59 Central nervous system, pathogenesis Cerebrospinal fluid 121,158 Centripetal spread 111 Chamberland, Charles 15 Chandipura virus 25 Chicken head baits 374,375 Chlorophacinone 390 Chlortetracycline 375,377, Clinical signs, duration of 134 Colchicine 86,88,126 Complement-dependent immune lysis 52,169 Complement fixation test 53,230 Concanavalin A 80 Control of urban rabies dog population control dog vaccination ,416 human post-exposure treatment 415, recommendations for Control of wildlife rabies baits , bait acceptance cost 401 oral vaccines , , , population reduction , 262, , simulation model 400 vaccine field trials , , vaccine safety Corneal impressions in rabies diagnosis 211 Corneal infection 111,113 Coyote (Canis latrans) 296,301, 303,383,388,397 Culture of rabies in vitro 47-66, cell lines 48,49,55 cytopathic effects 50 Dr particles diploid cells 48,49 macrophages 56 persistent infection production of virus Cyanogen bromide cleavage products, glycoprotein 165 Cytosine arabinoside, enrichment of neurons by 71 DEAE-dextran 58,219 Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) 128,383 Defective interfering particles 28,50-51,61,186 Derriengue 128,179 Detection of rabies in vitro complement-dependent immune lysis 52,169 immunofluorescent staining 51, , immunoperoxidase staining

3 425 isolation from field specimens 57-58, , monoclonal antibodies, use of 52 DI particles, see Defective interfering particles Diagnosis of rabies infection animal inoculation ante-mortem cell culture isolation 56-59, ,218 corneal impressions 211 electron microscopy 210 enzyme-linked immunoassays 209 immunofluorescent staining ,218 immunoperoxidase staining 220 monoclonal antibody profiles skin biopsies 211 storage of infected tissues 212 tissues viral strains 206 Differences between VSV and rabies 26 Dog, domestic (Canis Jamiliaris) 12,14,17, ,132,135,136, 138,179,187,247,248,258,260, 288,328,330,356,358,373,383 muzzling of 16-17,408 population control 356,413 taxes on 19,323 urban rabies vaccination, see Canine vaccination programs Domestic animal rabies cases, Ontario 383 Donkey 383 Dumb rabies, mechanisms of 123 Duvenhage virus 25,49,50,53,62,168,178,179, ,188, ,258,304,358 Early death phenomenon 56,91,139, 174 EEG sleep changes 93,125 Electron microscopy 26-27,74-77, 186,210 ELISA, see Enzyme-linked immunoassay Elk 383 Encephalitis Endocrine system 133 Entrance into body intestinal infection 110 intranasal infection 110,128,132 mucosal surfaces 109 wound or laceration 102 Enzyme-linked immunoassay 209, Enzymes, effect on virus attachment Epidemiological statistics Africa Asia 253 Europe 250 Epizootiology of rabies Africa bats 248,250,252,258,261,263, 267, , ,296 dog , Eurasia historic events in ,255 Latin America and the Caribbean Madagascar North America European bat rabies, European fox vaccination campaigns 376 Ferret (Mustela putorius Juro) 128, Field trials in Switzerland Filariasis 335 Fisher (Martes pennanti) 383 Fixed virus 17,26,177,325 Fleming, George, 4,15,16 Fluorescein-tagged antibodies, preparation of 222 Fluorescent antibody technique ,218 Flury vaccine 26,93, ,139, 185,186,204,285, ,372 Foot-and-mouth disease , 335 Fowl cholera 323 Fox denning habits 369 dispersal patterns interactions with skunks 320 reproductive capacity of 309, 316,387 self-mutilation following infection 112

4 426 Fox hunting methods Fox population control 254, , , Fox rabies distribution in Ontario ,382 features of epizootics incidence in Ontario spread in Europe Fox, arctic (Alopex lagopus) 248, 270,273,276,279,303,382,386 Fox, gray (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) 273,277,286,384 Fox, red (Vulpes vulpes, Vulpes fulva) 109,123,128, ,138, 179,229,247,249,270, , 286,288,296,301,303,305,306, ,311,320,330, , 358, , , , 391,392, Fracastoro, Girolamo 4,5 Fur harvest 316 Furious rabies, mechanisms of 123 Galen 2,4 Galtier, Pierre-Victor 13-15,246 Game theory 306 Gangliosides Gassing of dens 369,388,389 Genet (Genetta sp.) 187,258 Genetic control of resistance genetic loci 151 histocompatibility locus 155 resistance gene(s) role of immune response 153, strain differences in mice Genome, structure of 30 Genomic signals 37 Glanders 6,8 G-L intergenic region 39 Glycoprotein G 28-30,35-37 vaccine 164 Goat 383 Guinea pig 109,114,132 Hamster 110,114,132, Hare (Lepus capensis) 128 Hedgehog 184,358 Hemagglutination-based tests 53, 231 Hepatitis 336 Herpes 336,361 Hertwig, K.H. 12 History cell culture nature of rabies 1-23 rabies in Africa 255 rabies in Eurasia vaccines 15-17, viral tropisms Horse 14,117,123,184,275,285,303, 329,330,383 Hogyes 324 Horsley, Victor 17 Human rabies Africa 259,263 Americas, the ,291,408, 416 Asia 251 autopsies 289 Duvenhage Mokola 181 post-exposure treatment 244, 415, Hunter, John Hyena 261 Hywel Dda, 3 IgM, measurement of rabiesspecific 235 Immune effector mechanisms CTL responses 171 interferon 154, neutralizing antibodies 171 soluble mediators 171 T and B cells Immune response glycoprotein 35, rabies-induced immunosuppression 172 role of T and B cells 95,139, Immunization by intestinal route ,392 Immunofluorescence assays 51, , Immunosomes 165 Inactivated vaccine, oral immunization with Incidence of rabies effect of contact rate 318, 367,386 effect of density 318,367,386 effect of habitat 310,316

5 427 Incubation period 134,138,140 relationship to dose , 307 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus 40 Influenza 302 Interferon 89-91,154, in persistent infections 90 Intestinal infection 110 ISCOMS 165 Isolation of rabies virus, see Diagnosis of rabies infection Jackal, black-backed (Canis mesomelas) 187,258,261 Kidney 132 Koch, Robert 15 Kotonkan virus 50,53,62,178,179, 184,185,258,261 Kudu, see Antelope Lacrymal glands 128 Lagos bat virus 49,50,53,62,105, 139,178,179,184,185, ,258 Layard, D.P. 8 Lectins 80 Leptospirosis 335 Lingual mucosa 132 Liposomes Lister, Martin 5 Lophuromys sikapusi 181,194 Lungs 132 Lyssa bodies 119 Lyssaviruses Mab, see Monoclonal antibodies Magendie, F r a n ~ 12 o i s Malaria 335 Mammary gland 132 Mange, sarcoptic 370,388 Marco virus 185 Marmot 107 Meister, Joseph 17 Mexican free-tailed bat, see Bat, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana Midges (Culicoides sp.) 184,258 Milk, rabies virus in 132 Mink (Mustela rison) 383 Mixed hemadsorption test 230 Mokola virus 25,50,53,62,168, ,184,185,187, ,209, 258,331,345 Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus ,385 Cynictis penicillata 187,256, 258,261 Monkey, rhesus 187 Monoamine metabolism 92 Monoclonal antibodies 52, , 269, ,296,381, Morphogenesis Morphology in cultured cells Moseley, Benjamin 12 Mosquito cell culture 49,185 Mosquitoes (Mansonia uniformis) 184,258 Motor end plates 73 Mouse 93,109,110,114, ,123, 132,133,136,151,167,171,172, , ,358 Mouse neutralization test ,233,237 Mucosal infection Muskrat (Ondrata zibethicus) 383 Mustelids 367 Myotubes 48,56,72-74,78,82,106 Negri body 18,26,51,91, Negri, Adelchi 18 Neuraminidase 79 Neuroblastoma cells 48-50,54-56, 61,69-70,74,78,79,86,90,93,158, 206,207 Neuron susceptibility Neurons, culture in vitro Neurotransmitters 92-93,125 Neonatal rotaviral diarrhea 335 Nigerian horse virus 179,186 NK cells 154 Non-nervous tissues, infection of Nucleocapsid protein, epitopes on 279 Obodhiang virus 50,53,62,178,179, 184, 185,258 Ontario Rabies Model ,400 Ontario Rabies Research Program Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) 355,358 Oral immunization of wildlife 254,327, , , ,

6 428 Otter (Lantra canadensis) 383 Oulo fato 179,257 Paramyxoviridae 25 Pasteur, Louis 9,15-17,26,246, 323,408 Paul of Aegina 3,4 Pancreas 132 Pathogenesis 54-56, acetylcholine receptor 56,74, 80,82,93, ,113 airborne infection 102, Babes nodule 122 brain, electrical activity 125 blood-borne infection 114,121 buccal mucosa 132 central nervous system centrifugal migration 126 corneal infection 111,113 dendroaxonal transfer early studies 102 encephalitis infection of non-nervous tissue inoculation site ,114, 115, mammary gland 132 muscle infection 68, ,132 nasal infection 110,128,132 neuromuscular junction peripheral dissemination peripheral nerves , perivascular cuffing recovery from infection route to CNS salivary glands ,211 skin 133 spongiform lesions viral budding 120 viral matrix Pathology, see Pathogenesis Penetration chloroquine, effect on 85 lysosomal fusion 85 Peripheral dissemination of virus Perivascular cuffing Persistence of rabies clinical signs 306 computer simulations 313, ,400 host and environment incubation period threshold requirements 315 Persistent infection Pig 383 Piri virus 25 Plaque assay 52-53,224 Plaque neutralization test 224 Pliny 2 Poisoning, control of rabies by 369,388 Polioencephalomyelitis of rabies 121 Population reduction, rabies control by 356, , , Poxviridae 336,361 Prophylaxis against rabies, historical 2 Protein A, staphylococcal 235 Quil A 165 Rabbit 12-17,109,110, ,358, 383 Rabies Bulletin Europe 250 Rabies glycoprotein cdna, effect of leucine Rabies nucleoprotein, preparation of 221 Rabies viral genes evolutionary position G-L intergenic region 39 glycoprotein G 28-30,35-37 leader RNA matrix protein M2(M) 35 nucleoprotein N 28-30,33-34 nucleotide sequence 26 phosphoprotein Ml(NS) 34 RNA polymerase 37 transcription and translation transcription signals 38 Rabies viral tropisms myotropisms 72 neurotropisms 69 Rabies virus genomic sequence 26 effect of detergents 29 effect of trypsin 28 structure Rabies virus strains CVS 26,36,39,70,73,92,103, 105, ,110,121,158,165, 325,328,329 derriengue 128,179

7 429 ERA 26,36,39, ,158,165, 167,285,327,371,399 Ethiopian dog 136 Flury 26,326,329,372 Kelev 325,328 Nigerian Horse 179,186 oulo fato 179,257 PM 26,49 PV (Pasteur) 26,36,39,325 SAD 26,325,327,329, ,378 Vnukovo Rabies-related viruses 25,49,53,62, , , 248, ,261 assay 53 culture in vitro 49 epizootiology host range 62 pathogenesis serogroups serological relationships structural relationships 185 Raccoon (Procyon lotor) 128,179, 229,270, ,278, , ,358,383,384, , Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) 138, Raccoon pox 359,392 Raccoon rabies and hunting clubs 276 Radioimmunoassay 232 Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test Rat 109,114,123,184,288,358 Receptors, cellular 55-56,77-85, Recovery from CNS infection 136 Rectal instillation 110 Remlinger, Paul 18 Reovirus 78 Replication 30-32,50,72,126 in CNS 116 Respiratory syncytial virus 40 RFFIT, see rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test Rodents 181,184,187,194,367 Roux, Emile 15,86 SAD vaccine strain residual pathogenicity 373 use in wildlife immunization Saliva, transmission by 7,12,15, , Salivary glands ,211 Saponins, Quillaja 391 Schistosomiasis 335 Sendai virus 39 Serodiagnosis, see Antibody assays Serogroups, see Rabies-related viruses, Lyssaviruses Sheep 14,123,184,275,329,358,383 Shrew (Crocidura sp.) , 194,258 Sigma virus 25 Site of exposure, influence of 114 Skin biopsies, in rabies diagnosis 211 Skunk, spotted (Spilogale sp.) 132 Skunk, striped (Mephitis mephitis) 107,109,110,115,117, 120,123, , ,179, 229, ,288,296, , , ,358, , 389,392, Soluble glycoprotein 164 Solleysel, Jacques Labessie de 6 Soranus of Ephesus, see Caelius Aurelianus Species susceptibility, differences in Spongiform lesions Squirrel 275 Sciurus carolinenses 383 Xerus inauris 258 Staggers, see Nigerian Horse virus Stone marten (Martes joina) 128, 373,376 Strain differences in pathogenicity 134,272 Stray dog control 254,262,268, Suricates (Suricata suricata) 258 Surveillance systems 250,268,287 Swiss field trials Tetanus 3,16 Thymidine kinase 340 Time-resolved fluorometry 225 Tissues, use in diagnosis 210

8 430 TK- phenotype and viral attenuation 360 Transplacental transmission 132 Transport of virus brain 88 neurons 87 Urban rabies, control of , Urinary system 132 Vaccination domestic animals control of urban rabies, use in , control of wildlife rabies, use in 254,327, , , , effect of age effect of route 330 Vaccine-induced rabies 136,139, 209,324,326,328,330,373,376,393 Vaccines cell culture origin 59,60,325, 329 antigenic regions 165 CTL responses 167 early 15-17, glycoprotein 164 killed ,391 modified live ,391,393 nervous tissue origin 325,328, 408 recombinant ,372,392 suckling mouse brain 328,408, subunit 164 safety of 325, ,393 use of cell cultures 60 Vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine construction of containment trials badger 355 cat cattle 357 dog 356 ferret 357 fox, red hamster 345 mouse 342 opossum 355 rabbit 346 raccoon sheep 358 skunk, striped wild boar 356 estimate of risk 360 field trials of ,372 Vaccinia virus cloning and expression vector pathogenicity 339, ,393 Vacuum effect 309 Vampire bat rabies bovine mortalities ,381 control of 327,390,401 Vampire bat, see Bat, Desmodus rotundus van Leeuwenhoek, Antony 6,7 Vesicular stomatitis virus 25,28, 32-40,67,78,79,336 Vesicu10viruses 25 Virus, historical definition, 2-3 Virus-cell interactions attachment binding studies coated pits 85 dissociated primary neurons dorsal root ganglia neurons 71 e1ectrophysio10gica1 changes 93 embryo brains 68 entry of virus into cells enzyme treatment functional changes gang1iosides, role of glial cell lines 70 Go1gi complex 71 inclusions lipid, role of ysosomes motor end plates 73 myotropism neuroblastoma cells 70,74 neuron susceptibility neurotropisms plasma membrane 75 receptors 55-56,77-85, synaptic membranes 81 Virus fixe, see Fixed virus Viverrids 256,261 Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) 383 V-RG, see vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus

9 431 Warfarin 390 Weasels (Mustela sp.) 373,383 Wild boar (Sus sero/a) 356,358, 373 Wild cats (Felis sp.) 258,288 Wildlife rabies Africa, in bait acceptance bait distribution 375, Canada and U.S.A., in , Eurasia, in immunization 254,327, , , , Latin America, in 287, , 385 persistence population reduction , 262, , Wolf (Lupus lupus) 109,250,383 Woodchuck (Marmota monax) 275,383 Youatt, William 13 Zincke, Georg Gottfried 11-12,246