Microfluidic Devices for HIV Point-of-Care Diagnostics Xuanhong Cheng
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1 Microfluidic Devices for HIV Point-of-Care Diagnostics Xuanhong Cheng Bioengineering Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh University November 30, 2018
2 POC Diagnostics
3 Basic Water Supply Microdevices for Medicine Micronit.com
4 Advantage of Microfluidic Systems Small sample volume Small reagent volume Low production cost Portable, potential for integration and automation High surface to volume ratio Laminar flow, predictable transport property
5
6 Micro-scale Fabrication Master
7 Global Health The area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide Koplan JP, Bond TC, Merson MH, et al; Consortium of Universities for Global Health Executive Board. Towards a common definition of global health. Lancet. 2009;373:
8 Leading causes of death, high-income countries Source: WHO, The World Health Report 2018
9 Leading causes of death, low-income countries Source: WHO, The World Health Report 2018
10 36.9 million adults living with HIV/AIDS, 2017
11
12 Cell Bacteria (TB, Typhoid) Virus (HIV, hepatitis, SARS, influenza). HIV emerging from a cell Cell HIV
13 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle HIV CD4 CD4 cell
14 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle CD4 Binding CD4 Co-receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4)
15 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle Fusion
16 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle Virion entry
17 HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle HIV
18 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle Reverse transcription HIV DNA
19 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle Translocation to nucleus
20 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle Integration
21 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle Transcription / Translation of HIV mrna / polyprotein
22 HIV HIV Pathophysiology - Life Cycle Protease processing and viral assembly
23 HIV infection HIV attacks CD4 cells, the generals of the immune system s army HIV inserts itself into our genes HIV creates many different strains CD4 cell
24 Impact of Treatment Begin ART CD4 Viral load (HIV RNA level) Weeks time Years
25 Impact of Treatment Before After
26 Impact of Treatment After 9 months
27 Impact of Treatment - Society Effective ARVs available Deaths per 100,000 Population Unintentional injury Cancer Heart disease Suicide HIV infection 10 Homicide Year Chronic liver disease Stroke Diabetes Source: Centers for Disease Control, 2001
28 HIV Diagnostic and Molecular Testing
29 Basic Water Supply State of the Art Technologies Viral load count: determining resistance
30 Basic Water Supply Quantitative Real Time PCR
31 Basic Water Supply Lab Diagnostics in Resource Poor Settings
32 hat is Needed Low cost Easy to use Rapid and Robust Portable Sensitive and specific
33 Portable CD4 Counter Cl - Cl - K + Cl - Cl - K + Na + K +
34 Microfluidic Cell Counting Chip CD4 counting microchip Daktari Diagnostics Inc. Cheng, X. et. al, Lab on a Chip, 2007
35 Nanoporous Membrane for Viral Processing and Sensing Controllable pore size High porosity Bio-functionality Tight pore size distribution Thin membranes
36 Viral Capture (%) Viral Capture Viral Capture in Efficiency Porous Membrane SEM Image of Porous Membrane 5 μm 0 Flatbed Device Porous Device
37 Current Voltage Current Ion Antigp120 HIV Gold Silver Low Viral Load High
38 Virus Sensing in Porous Membrane
39 Virus Sensing in Porous Membrane Peak Current Values of Control and Threshold Viral Loads
40 cm Device Assembly electrode Roof substrates outlet inlet separation membrane Finalized devices syringe tubing electrodes
41
42 Student Participants Krissada Surawathanawises, PhD Keely Heinz, graduate student Wang Yi, graduate student Thomas Reidy, graduate student BDSI summer students (2012) Aileen Bidad (BS, 2016) John Fraser (BS, 2015) Kathryn Kundrod (BS, 2015) Cyclic Solutions TE teams (2016, 2017) CINQ397 Team (2018)
43
44 Statistics of Sickle Cell Anemia
45 POC for Sickle Cell Anemia?
46 Nanoporous Membrane for Viral Processing and Sensing Controllable pore size High porosity Bio-functionality Tight pore size distribution Thin membranes
47 Embedded Nanoporous Membranes for Viral Processing 120 Percentage of Virions (%) nm Pores 20nm Pores Filtrate Absorbed on membrane Suspended above membrane 0 Viral Concentration (/ml) 8e+7 6e+7 4e+7 2e+7 0 Original Sample 1mL filtration + 10 L Wash % of Virions Captured on Membranes Bare PEG AntiCD44
48 Community-based Care Care takes place in the community. Reinforced in the clinic.
Microfluidic Devices for Point-of-Care Diagnostics Xuanhong Cheng
Microfluidic Devices for Point-of-Care Diagnostics Xuanhong Cheng Materials Science and Engineering Bioengineering Lehigh University December 2, 2016 Basic Water Supply Microdevices for Medicine Micronit.com
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